org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.java Source code

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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.security;

import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.security.AccessControlContext;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler;
import javax.security.auth.kerberos.KerberosKey;
import javax.security.auth.kerberos.KerberosPrincipal;
import javax.security.auth.kerberos.KerberosTicket;
import javax.security.auth.login.AppConfigurationEntry;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;
import javax.security.auth.login.AppConfigurationEntry.LoginModuleControlFlag;
import javax.security.auth.spi.LoginModule;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.authentication.util.KerberosUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.token.Token;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.token.TokenIdentifier;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell;

/**
 * User and group information for Hadoop.
 * This class wraps around a JAAS Subject and provides methods to determine the
 * user's username and groups. It supports both the Windows, Unix and Kerberos 
 * login modules.
 */
public class UserGroupInformation {
    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(UserGroupInformation.class);
    /**
     * Percentage of the ticket window to use before we renew ticket.
     */
    private static final float TICKET_RENEW_WINDOW = 0.80f;
    static final String HADOOP_USER_NAME = "HADOOP_USER_NAME";

    /**
     * A login module that looks at the Kerberos, Unix, or Windows principal and
     * adds the corresponding UserName.
     */
    public static class HadoopLoginModule implements LoginModule {
        private Subject subject;

        @Override
        public boolean abort() throws LoginException {
            return true;
        }

        private <T extends Principal> T getCanonicalUser(Class<T> cls) {
            for (T user : subject.getPrincipals(cls)) {
                return user;
            }
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean commit() throws LoginException {
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("hadoop login commit");
            }
            // if we already have a user, we are done.
            if (!subject.getPrincipals(User.class).isEmpty()) {
                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    LOG.debug("using existing subject:" + subject.getPrincipals());
                }
                return true;
            }
            Principal user = null;
            // if we are using kerberos, try it out
            if (useKerberos) {
                user = getCanonicalUser(KerberosPrincipal.class);
                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    LOG.debug("using kerberos user:" + user);
                }
            }
            //If we don't have a kerberos user and security is disabled, check
            //if user is specified in the environment or properties
            if (!isSecurityEnabled() && (user == null)) {
                String envUser = System.getenv(HADOOP_USER_NAME);
                if (envUser == null) {
                    envUser = System.getProperty(HADOOP_USER_NAME);
                }
                user = envUser == null ? null : new User(envUser);
            }
            // use the OS user
            if (user == null) {
                user = getCanonicalUser(OS_PRINCIPAL_CLASS);
                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    LOG.debug("using local user:" + user);
                }
            }
            // if we found the user, add our principal
            if (user != null) {
                subject.getPrincipals().add(new User(user.getName()));
                return true;
            }
            LOG.error("Can't find user in " + subject);
            throw new LoginException("Can't find user name");
        }

        @Override
        public void initialize(Subject subject, CallbackHandler callbackHandler, Map<String, ?> sharedState,
                Map<String, ?> options) {
            this.subject = subject;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean login() throws LoginException {
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("hadoop login");
            }
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean logout() throws LoginException {
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("hadoop logout");
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    /** Metrics to track UGI activity */
    static UgiInstrumentation metrics;
    /** Are the static variables that depend on configuration initialized? */
    private static boolean isInitialized = false;
    /** Should we use Kerberos configuration? */
    private static boolean useKerberos;
    /** Server-side groups fetching service */
    private static Groups groups;
    /** The configuration to use */
    private static Configuration conf;

    /** Leave 10 minutes between relogin attempts. */
    private static final long MIN_TIME_BEFORE_RELOGIN = 10 * 60 * 1000L;

    /**Environment variable pointing to the token cache file*/
    public static final String HADOOP_TOKEN_FILE_LOCATION = "HADOOP_TOKEN_FILE_LOCATION";

    /** 
     * A method to initialize the fields that depend on a configuration.
     * Must be called before useKerberos or groups is used.
     */
    private static synchronized void ensureInitialized() {
        if (!isInitialized) {
            initialize(new Configuration());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the configuration values for UGI.
     * @param conf the configuration to use
     */
    private static synchronized void initialize(Configuration conf) {
        String value = conf.get(HADOOP_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION);
        if (value == null || "simple".equals(value)) {
            useKerberos = false;
        } else if ("kerberos".equals(value)) {
            useKerberos = true;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Invalid attribute value for " + HADOOP_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION + " of " + value);
        }
        // If we haven't set up testing groups, use the configuration to find it
        if (!(groups instanceof TestingGroups)) {
            groups = Groups.getUserToGroupsMappingService(conf);
        }
        // give the configuration on how to translate Kerberos names
        try {
            KerberosName.setConfiguration(conf);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Problem with Kerberos auth_to_local name " + "configuration", ioe);
        }
        isInitialized = true;
        UserGroupInformation.conf = conf;
        metrics = UgiInstrumentation.create(conf);
    }

    /**
     * Set the static configuration for UGI.
     * In particular, set the security authentication mechanism and the
     * group look up service.
     * @param conf the configuration to use
     */
    public static void setConfiguration(Configuration conf) {
        initialize(conf);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if UserGroupInformation is using Kerberos to determine
     * user identities or is relying on simple authentication
     * 
     * @return true if UGI is working in a secure environment
     */
    public static boolean isSecurityEnabled() {
        ensureInitialized();
        return useKerberos;
    }

    /**
     * Information about the logged in user.
     */
    private static UserGroupInformation loginUser = null;
    private static String keytabPrincipal = null;
    private static String keytabFile = null;

    private final Subject subject;
    // All non-static fields must be read-only caches that come from the subject.
    private final User user;
    private final boolean isKeytab;
    private final boolean isKrbTkt;

    private static String OS_LOGIN_MODULE_NAME;
    private static Class<? extends Principal> OS_PRINCIPAL_CLASS;
    private static final boolean windows = System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Windows");
    private static Thread renewerThread = null;
    private static volatile boolean shouldRunRenewerThread = true;

    /* Return the OS login module class name */
    private static String getOSLoginModuleName() {
        if (System.getProperty("java.vendor").contains("IBM")) {
            return windows ? "com.ibm.security.auth.module.NTLoginModule"
                    : "com.ibm.security.auth.module.LinuxLoginModule";
        } else {
            return windows ? "com.sun.security.auth.module.NTLoginModule"
                    : "com.sun.security.auth.module.UnixLoginModule";
        }
    }

    /* Return the OS principal class */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static Class<? extends Principal> getOsPrincipalClass() {
        ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        try {
            if (System.getProperty("java.vendor").contains("IBM")) {
                if (windows) {
                    return (Class<? extends Principal>) cl.loadClass("com.ibm.security.auth.UsernamePrincipal");
                } else {
                    return (Class<? extends Principal>) (System.getProperty("os.arch").contains("64")
                            ? cl.loadClass("com.ibm.security.auth.UsernamePrincipal")
                            : cl.loadClass("com.ibm.security.auth.LinuxPrincipal"));
                }
            } else {
                return (Class<? extends Principal>) (windows ? cl.loadClass("com.sun.security.auth.NTUserPrincipal")
                        : cl.loadClass("com.sun.security.auth.UnixPrincipal"));
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            LOG.error("Unable to find JAAS classes:" + e.getMessage());
        }
        return null;
    }

    static {
        OS_LOGIN_MODULE_NAME = getOSLoginModuleName();
        OS_PRINCIPAL_CLASS = getOsPrincipalClass();
    }

    private static class RealUser implements Principal {
        private final UserGroupInformation realUser;

        RealUser(UserGroupInformation realUser) {
            this.realUser = realUser;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return realUser.getUserName();
        }

        public UserGroupInformation getRealUser() {
            return realUser;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) {
                return true;
            } else if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                return false;
            } else {
                return realUser.equals(((RealUser) o).realUser);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return realUser.hashCode();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return realUser.toString();
        }
    }

    /**
     * A JAAS configuration that defines the login modules that we want
     * to use for login.
     */
    private static class HadoopConfiguration extends javax.security.auth.login.Configuration {
        private static final String SIMPLE_CONFIG_NAME = "hadoop-simple";
        private static final String USER_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME = "hadoop-user-kerberos";
        private static final String KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME = "hadoop-keytab-kerberos";

        private static final AppConfigurationEntry OS_SPECIFIC_LOGIN = new AppConfigurationEntry(
                OS_LOGIN_MODULE_NAME, LoginModuleControlFlag.REQUIRED, new HashMap<String, String>());
        private static final AppConfigurationEntry HADOOP_LOGIN = new AppConfigurationEntry(
                HadoopLoginModule.class.getName(), LoginModuleControlFlag.REQUIRED, new HashMap<String, String>());
        private static final Map<String, String> USER_KERBEROS_OPTIONS = new HashMap<String, String>();
        static {
            USER_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("doNotPrompt", "true");
            USER_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("useTicketCache", "true");
            USER_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("renewTGT", "true");
            String ticketCache = System.getenv("KRB5CCNAME");
            if (ticketCache != null) {
                USER_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("ticketCache", ticketCache);
            }
        }
        private static final AppConfigurationEntry USER_KERBEROS_LOGIN = new AppConfigurationEntry(
                KerberosUtil.getKrb5LoginModuleName(), LoginModuleControlFlag.OPTIONAL, USER_KERBEROS_OPTIONS);
        private static final Map<String, String> KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS = new HashMap<String, String>();
        static {
            KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("doNotPrompt", "true");
            KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("useKeyTab", "true");
            KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("storeKey", "true");
        }
        private static final AppConfigurationEntry KEYTAB_KERBEROS_LOGIN = new AppConfigurationEntry(
                KerberosUtil.getKrb5LoginModuleName(), LoginModuleControlFlag.REQUIRED, KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS);

        private static final AppConfigurationEntry[] SIMPLE_CONF = new AppConfigurationEntry[] { OS_SPECIFIC_LOGIN,
                HADOOP_LOGIN };

        private static final AppConfigurationEntry[] USER_KERBEROS_CONF = new AppConfigurationEntry[] {
                OS_SPECIFIC_LOGIN, USER_KERBEROS_LOGIN, HADOOP_LOGIN };

        private static final AppConfigurationEntry[] KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONF = new AppConfigurationEntry[] {
                KEYTAB_KERBEROS_LOGIN, HADOOP_LOGIN };

        @Override
        public AppConfigurationEntry[] getAppConfigurationEntry(String appName) {
            if (SIMPLE_CONFIG_NAME.equals(appName)) {
                return SIMPLE_CONF;
            } else if (USER_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME.equals(appName)) {
                return USER_KERBEROS_CONF;
            } else if (KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME.equals(appName)) {
                KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("keyTab", keytabFile);
                KEYTAB_KERBEROS_OPTIONS.put("principal", keytabPrincipal);
                return KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONF;
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static LoginContext newLoginContext(String appName, Subject subject) throws LoginException {
        return new LoginContext(appName, subject, null, new HadoopConfiguration());
    }

    private LoginContext getLogin() {
        return user.getLogin();
    }

    private void setLogin(LoginContext login) {
        user.setLogin(login);
    }

    /**
     * Create a UserGroupInformation for the given subject.
     * This does not change the subject or acquire new credentials.
     * @param subject the user's subject
     */
    UserGroupInformation(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
        this.user = subject.getPrincipals(User.class).iterator().next();
        this.isKeytab = !subject.getPrivateCredentials(KerberosKey.class).isEmpty();
        this.isKrbTkt = !subject.getPrivateCredentials(KerberosTicket.class).isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * checks if logged in using kerberos
     * @return true if the subject logged via keytab or has a Kerberos TGT
     */
    public boolean hasKerberosCredentials() {
        return isKeytab || isKrbTkt;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current user, including any doAs in the current stack.
     * @return the current user
     * @throws IOException if login fails
     */
    public synchronized static UserGroupInformation getCurrentUser() throws IOException {
        AccessControlContext context = AccessController.getContext();
        Subject subject = Subject.getSubject(context);
        return subject == null ? getLoginUser() : new UserGroupInformation(subject);
    }

    /**
     * Get the currently logged in user.
     * @return the logged in user
     * @throws IOException if login fails
     */
    public synchronized static UserGroupInformation getLoginUser() throws IOException {
        if (loginUser == null) {
            try {
                Subject subject = new Subject();
                LoginContext login;
                if (isSecurityEnabled()) {
                    login = newLoginContext(HadoopConfiguration.USER_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME, subject);
                } else {
                    login = newLoginContext(HadoopConfiguration.SIMPLE_CONFIG_NAME, subject);
                }
                login.login();
                loginUser = new UserGroupInformation(subject);
                loginUser.setLogin(login);
                loginUser.setAuthenticationMethod(
                        isSecurityEnabled() ? AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS : AuthenticationMethod.SIMPLE);
                loginUser = new UserGroupInformation(login.getSubject());
                String fileLocation = System.getenv(HADOOP_TOKEN_FILE_LOCATION);
                if (fileLocation != null && isSecurityEnabled()) {
                    // load the token storage file and put all of the tokens into the
                    // user.
                    Credentials cred = Credentials.readTokenStorageFile(new Path("file:///" + fileLocation), conf);
                    for (Token<?> token : cred.getAllTokens()) {
                        loginUser.addToken(token);
                    }
                }
                loginUser.spawnAutoRenewalThreadForUserCreds();
            } catch (LoginException le) {
                throw new IOException("failure to login", le);
            }
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("UGI loginUser:" + loginUser);
            }
        }
        return loginUser;
    }

    /**
     * Is this user logged in from a keytab file?
     * @return true if the credentials are from a keytab file.
     */
    public boolean isFromKeytab() {
        return isKeytab;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Kerberos TGT
     * @return the user's TGT or null if none was found
     */
    private synchronized KerberosTicket getTGT() {
        Set<KerberosTicket> tickets = subject.getPrivateCredentials(KerberosTicket.class);
        for (KerberosTicket ticket : tickets) {
            KerberosPrincipal server = ticket.getServer();
            if (server.getName().equals("krbtgt/" + server.getRealm() + "@" + server.getRealm())) {
                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    LOG.debug("Found tgt " + ticket);
                }
                return ticket;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private long getRefreshTime(KerberosTicket tgt) {
        long start = tgt.getStartTime().getTime();
        long end = tgt.getEndTime().getTime();
        return start + (long) ((end - start) * TICKET_RENEW_WINDOW);
    }

    /**Spawn a thread to do periodic renewals of kerberos credentials*/
    private void spawnAutoRenewalThreadForUserCreds() {
        if (isSecurityEnabled()) {
            //spawn thread only if we have kerb credentials
            if (user.getAuthenticationMethod() == AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS && !isKeytab) {
                renewerThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {

                    public void run() {
                        String cmd = conf.get("hadoop.kerberos.kinit.command", "/usr/kerberos/bin/kinit");
                        KerberosTicket tgt = getTGT();
                        if (tgt == null) {
                            return;
                        }
                        long nextRefresh = getRefreshTime(tgt);
                        while (shouldRunRenewerThread) {
                            try {
                                long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                                LOG.debug("Current time is " + now);
                                LOG.debug("Next refresh is " + nextRefresh);
                                if (now < nextRefresh) {
                                    Thread.sleep(nextRefresh - now);
                                }
                                Shell.execCommand(cmd, "-R");
                                LOG.debug("renewed ticket");
                                reloginFromTicketCache();
                                tgt = getTGT();
                                if (tgt == null) {
                                    LOG.warn("No TGT after renewal. Aborting renew thread for " + getUserName());
                                    return;
                                }
                                nextRefresh = Math.max(getRefreshTime(tgt), now + MIN_TIME_BEFORE_RELOGIN);
                            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                                LOG.warn("Terminating renewal thread");
                                return;
                            } catch (IOException ie) {
                                LOG.warn("Exception encountered while running the" + " renewal command." + ie
                                        + ". Aborting renew thread for " + user);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                        LOG.info("TGT renewer thread exiting.");
                    }
                });
                renewerThread.setDaemon(true);
                renewerThread.setName("TGT Renewer for " + getUserName());
                renewerThread.start();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log a user in from a keytab file. Loads a user identity from a keytab
     * file and logs them in. They become the currently logged-in user.
     * @param user the principal name to load from the keytab
     * @param path the path to the keytab file
     * @throws IOException if the keytab file can't be read
     */
    public synchronized static void loginUserFromKeytab(String user, String path) throws IOException {
        if (!isSecurityEnabled()) {
            return;
        }

        keytabFile = path;
        keytabPrincipal = user;
        Subject subject = new Subject();
        LoginContext login;
        long start = 0;
        // The renewer thread might have been spawned earlier if getLoginUser
        // was called with the loginUser as null. 
        // Just kill the thread. BTW loginUser is not null anymore and any 
        // future call to getLoginUser will not spawn the thread.
        if (renewerThread != null) {
            renewerThread.interrupt();
            shouldRunRenewerThread = false;
            renewerThread = null;
            LOG.info("Asked the TGT renewer thread to terminate");
        }
        try {
            login = newLoginContext(HadoopConfiguration.KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME, subject);
            start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            login.login();
            metrics.addLoginSuccess(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
            loginUser = new UserGroupInformation(subject);
            loginUser.setLogin(login);
            loginUser.setAuthenticationMethod(AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS);
        } catch (LoginException le) {
            if (start > 0) {
                metrics.addLoginFailure(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
            }
            throw new IOException("Login failure for " + user + " from keytab " + path, le);
        }
        LOG.info("Login successful for user " + keytabPrincipal + " using keytab file " + keytabFile);
    }

    /**
     * Re-Login a user in from the ticket cache.  This
     * method assumes that login had happened already.
     * The Subject field of this UserGroupInformation object is updated to have
     * the new credentials.
     * @throws IOException on a failure
     */
    public synchronized void reloginFromTicketCache() throws IOException {
        if (!isSecurityEnabled() || user.getAuthenticationMethod() != AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS || !isKrbTkt)
            return;
        LoginContext login = getLogin();
        if (login == null) {
            throw new IOException("login must be done first");
        }
        if (!hasSufficientTimeElapsed()) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            LOG.info("Initiating logout for " + getUserName());
            //clear up the kerberos state. But the tokens are not cleared! As per 
            //the Java kerberos login module code, only the kerberos credentials
            //are cleared
            login.logout();
            //login and also update the subject field of this instance to 
            //have the new credentials (pass it to the LoginContext constructor)
            login = newLoginContext(HadoopConfiguration.USER_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME, getSubject());
            LOG.info("Initiating re-login for " + getUserName());
            login.login();
            setLogin(login);
        } catch (LoginException le) {
            throw new IOException("Login failure for " + getUserName(), le);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log a user in from a keytab file. Loads a user identity from a keytab
     * file and login them in. This new user does not affect the currently
     * logged-in user.
     * @param user the principal name to load from the keytab
     * @param path the path to the keytab file
     * @throws IOException if the keytab file can't be read
     */
    public synchronized static UserGroupInformation loginUserFromKeytabAndReturnUGI(String user, String path)
            throws IOException {
        if (!isSecurityEnabled())
            return UserGroupInformation.getCurrentUser();
        String oldKeytabFile = null;
        String oldKeytabPrincipal = null;

        long start = 0;
        try {
            oldKeytabFile = keytabFile;
            oldKeytabPrincipal = keytabPrincipal;
            keytabFile = path;
            keytabPrincipal = user;
            Subject subject = new Subject();

            LoginContext login = newLoginContext(HadoopConfiguration.KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME, subject);

            start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            login.login();
            metrics.addLoginSuccess(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
            UserGroupInformation newLoginUser = new UserGroupInformation(subject);
            newLoginUser.setLogin(login);
            newLoginUser.setAuthenticationMethod(AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS);

            return newLoginUser;
        } catch (LoginException le) {
            if (start > 0) {
                metrics.addLoginFailure(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
            }
            throw new IOException("Login failure for " + user + " from keytab " + path, le);
        } finally {
            if (oldKeytabFile != null)
                keytabFile = oldKeytabFile;
            if (oldKeytabPrincipal != null)
                keytabPrincipal = oldKeytabPrincipal;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Re-login a user from keytab if TGT is expired or is close to expiry.
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public synchronized void checkTGTAndReloginFromKeytab() throws IOException {
        //TODO: The method reloginFromKeytab should be refactored to use this
        //      implementation.
        if (!isSecurityEnabled() || user.getAuthenticationMethod() != AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS || !isKeytab)
            return;
        KerberosTicket tgt = getTGT();
        if (tgt != null && System.currentTimeMillis() < getRefreshTime(tgt)) {
            return;
        }
        reloginFromKeytab();
    }

    /**
     * Re-Login a user in from a keytab file. Loads a user identity from a keytab
     * file and logs them in. They become the currently logged-in user. This
     * method assumes that {@link #loginUserFromKeytab(String, String)} had 
     * happened already.
     * The Subject field of this UserGroupInformation object is updated to have
     * the new credentials.
     * @throws IOException on a failure
     */
    public synchronized void reloginFromKeytab() throws IOException {
        if (!isSecurityEnabled() || user.getAuthenticationMethod() != AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS || !isKeytab)
            return;
        LoginContext login = getLogin();
        if (login == null || keytabFile == null) {
            throw new IOException("loginUserFromKeyTab must be done first");
        }
        if (!hasSufficientTimeElapsed()) {
            return;
        }
        long start = 0;
        try {
            LOG.info("Initiating logout for " + getUserName());
            synchronized (UserGroupInformation.class) {
                //clear up the kerberos state. But the tokens are not cleared! As per 
                //the Java kerberos login module code, only the kerberos credentials
                //are cleared
                login.logout();
                //login and also update the subject field of this instance to 
                //have the new credentials (pass it to the LoginContext constructor)
                login = newLoginContext(HadoopConfiguration.KEYTAB_KERBEROS_CONFIG_NAME, getSubject());
                LOG.info("Initiating re-login for " + keytabPrincipal);
                start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                login.login();
                metrics.addLoginSuccess(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
                setLogin(login);
            }
        } catch (LoginException le) {
            if (start > 0) {
                metrics.addLoginFailure(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
            }
            throw new IOException("Login failure for " + keytabPrincipal + " from keytab " + keytabFile, le);
        }
    }

    private boolean hasSufficientTimeElapsed() {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (now - user.getLastLogin() < MIN_TIME_BEFORE_RELOGIN) {
            LOG.warn("Not attempting to re-login since the last re-login was " + "attempted less than "
                    + (MIN_TIME_BEFORE_RELOGIN / 1000) + " seconds" + " before.");
            return false;
        }
        // register most recent relogin attempt
        user.setLastLogin(now);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Did the login happen via keytab
     * @return true or false
     */
    public synchronized static boolean isLoginKeytabBased() throws IOException {
        return getLoginUser().isKeytab;
    }

    /**
     * Create a user from a login name. It is intended to be used for remote
     * users in RPC, since it won't have any credentials.
     * @param user the full user principal name, must not be empty or null
     * @return the UserGroupInformation for the remote user.
     */
    public static UserGroupInformation createRemoteUser(String user) {
        if (user == null || "".equals(user)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null user");
        }
        Subject subject = new Subject();
        subject.getPrincipals().add(new User(user));
        UserGroupInformation result = new UserGroupInformation(subject);
        result.setAuthenticationMethod(AuthenticationMethod.SIMPLE);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * existing types of authentications' methods
     */
    public static enum AuthenticationMethod {
        SIMPLE, KERBEROS, TOKEN, CERTIFICATE, KERBEROS_SSL, PROXY;
    }

    /**
     * Create a proxy user using username of the effective user and the ugi of the
     * real user.
     * @param user
     * @param realUser
     * @return proxyUser ugi
     */
    public static UserGroupInformation createProxyUser(String user, UserGroupInformation realUser) {
        if (user == null || "".equals(user)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null user");
        }
        if (realUser == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null real user");
        }
        Subject subject = new Subject();
        Set<Principal> principals = subject.getPrincipals();
        principals.add(new User(user));
        principals.add(new RealUser(realUser));
        UserGroupInformation result = new UserGroupInformation(subject);
        result.setAuthenticationMethod(AuthenticationMethod.PROXY);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * get RealUser (vs. EffectiveUser)
     * @return realUser running over proxy user
     */
    public UserGroupInformation getRealUser() {
        for (RealUser p : subject.getPrincipals(RealUser.class)) {
            return p.getRealUser();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This class is used for storing the groups for testing. It stores a local
     * map that has the translation of usernames to groups.
     */
    private static class TestingGroups extends Groups {
        private final Map<String, List<String>> userToGroupsMapping = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();

        private TestingGroups() {
            super(new org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration());
        }

        @Override
        public List<String> getGroups(String user) {
            List<String> result = userToGroupsMapping.get(user);
            if (result == null) {
                result = new ArrayList<String>();
            }
            return result;
        }

        private void setUserGroups(String user, String[] groups) {
            userToGroupsMapping.put(user, Arrays.asList(groups));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a UGI for testing HDFS and MapReduce
     * @param user the full user principal name
     * @param userGroups the names of the groups that the user belongs to
     * @return a fake user for running unit tests
     */
    public static UserGroupInformation createUserForTesting(String user, String[] userGroups) {
        ensureInitialized();
        UserGroupInformation ugi = createRemoteUser(user);
        // make sure that the testing object is setup
        if (!(groups instanceof TestingGroups)) {
            groups = new TestingGroups();
        }
        // add the user groups
        ((TestingGroups) groups).setUserGroups(ugi.getShortUserName(), userGroups);
        return ugi;
    }

    /**
     * Create a proxy user UGI for testing HDFS and MapReduce
     * 
     * @param user
     *          the full user principal name for effective user
     * @param realUser
     *          UGI of the real user
     * @param userGroups
     *          the names of the groups that the user belongs to
     * @return a fake user for running unit tests
     */
    public static UserGroupInformation createProxyUserForTesting(String user, UserGroupInformation realUser,
            String[] userGroups) {
        ensureInitialized();
        UserGroupInformation ugi = createProxyUser(user, realUser);
        // make sure that the testing object is setup
        if (!(groups instanceof TestingGroups)) {
            groups = new TestingGroups();
        }
        // add the user groups
        ((TestingGroups) groups).setUserGroups(ugi.getShortUserName(), userGroups);
        return ugi;
    }

    /**
     * Get the user's login name.
     * @return the user's name up to the first '/' or '@'.
     */
    public String getShortUserName() {
        for (User p : subject.getPrincipals(User.class)) {
            return p.getShortName();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the user's full principal name.
     * @return the user's full principal name.
     */
    public String getUserName() {
        return user.getName();
    }

    /**
     * Add a TokenIdentifier to this UGI. The TokenIdentifier has typically been
     * authenticated by the RPC layer as belonging to the user represented by this
     * UGI.
     * 
     * @param tokenId
     *          tokenIdentifier to be added
     * @return true on successful add of new tokenIdentifier
     */
    public synchronized boolean addTokenIdentifier(TokenIdentifier tokenId) {
        return subject.getPublicCredentials().add(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * Get the set of TokenIdentifiers belonging to this UGI
     * 
     * @return the set of TokenIdentifiers belonging to this UGI
     */
    public synchronized Set<TokenIdentifier> getTokenIdentifiers() {
        return subject.getPublicCredentials(TokenIdentifier.class);
    }

    /**
     * Add a token to this UGI
     * 
     * @param token Token to be added
     * @return true on successful add of new token
     */
    public synchronized boolean addToken(Token<? extends TokenIdentifier> token) {
        return subject.getPrivateCredentials().add(token);
    }

    /**
     * Obtain the collection of tokens associated with this user.
     * 
     * @return an unmodifiable collection of tokens associated with user
     */
    public synchronized Collection<Token<? extends TokenIdentifier>> getTokens() {
        Set<Object> creds = subject.getPrivateCredentials();
        List<Token<?>> result = new ArrayList<Token<?>>(creds.size());
        for (Object o : creds) {
            if (o instanceof Token<?>) {
                result.add((Token<?>) o);
            }
        }
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
    }

    /**
     * Get the group names for this user.
     * @return the list of users with the primary group first. If the command
     *    fails, it returns an empty list.
     */
    public synchronized String[] getGroupNames() {
        ensureInitialized();
        try {
            List<String> result = groups.getGroups(getShortUserName());
            return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
        } catch (IOException ie) {
            LOG.warn("No groups available for user " + getShortUserName());
            return new String[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the username.
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        if (getRealUser() != null) {
            return getUserName() + " via " + getRealUser().toString();
        } else {
            return getUserName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the authentication method in the subject
     * 
     * @param authMethod
     */
    public synchronized void setAuthenticationMethod(AuthenticationMethod authMethod) {
        user.setAuthenticationMethod(authMethod);
    }

    /**
     * Get the authentication method from the subject
     * 
     * @return AuthenticationMethod in the subject, null if not present.
     */
    public synchronized AuthenticationMethod getAuthenticationMethod() {
        return user.getAuthenticationMethod();
    }

    /**
     * Compare the subjects to see if they are equal to each other.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o == this) {
            return true;
        } else if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return subject == ((UserGroupInformation) o).subject;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the hash of the subject.
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return System.identityHashCode(subject);
    }

    /**
     * Get the underlying subject from this ugi.
     * @return the subject that represents this user.
     */
    protected Subject getSubject() {
        return subject;
    }

    /**
     * Run the given action as the user.
     * @param <T> the return type of the run method
     * @param action the method to execute
     * @return the value from the run method
     */
    public <T> T doAs(PrivilegedAction<T> action) {
        logPriviledgedAction(subject, action);
        return Subject.doAs(subject, action);
    }

    /**
     * Run the given action as the user, potentially throwing an exception.
     * @param <T> the return type of the run method
     * @param action the method to execute
     * @return the value from the run method
     * @throws IOException if the action throws an IOException
     * @throws Error if the action throws an Error
     * @throws RuntimeException if the action throws a RuntimeException
     * @throws InterruptedException if the action throws an InterruptedException
     * @throws UndeclaredThrowableException if the action throws something else
     */
    public <T> T doAs(PrivilegedExceptionAction<T> action) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        try {
            logPriviledgedAction(subject, action);
            return Subject.doAs(subject, action);
        } catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
            Throwable cause = pae.getCause();
            LOG.error("PriviledgedActionException as:" + this + " cause:" + cause);
            if (cause instanceof IOException) {
                throw (IOException) cause;
            } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
                throw (Error) cause;
            } else if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) cause;
            } else if (cause instanceof InterruptedException) {
                throw (InterruptedException) cause;
            } else {
                throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(pae, "Unknown exception in doAs");
            }
        }
    }

    private void logPriviledgedAction(Subject subject, Object action) {
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
            // would be nice if action included a descriptive toString()
            String where = new Throwable().getStackTrace()[2].toString();
            LOG.debug("PriviledgedAction as:" + this + " from:" + where);
        }
    }

    private void print() throws IOException {
        System.out.println("User: " + getUserName());
        System.out.print("Group Ids: ");
        System.out.println();
        String[] groups = getGroupNames();
        System.out.print("Groups: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(groups[i] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    /**
     * A test method to print out the current user's UGI.
     * @param args if there are two arguments, read the user from the keytab
     * and print it out.
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Getting UGI for current user");
        UserGroupInformation ugi = getCurrentUser();
        ugi.print();
        System.out.println("UGI: " + ugi);
        System.out.println("Auth method " + ugi.user.getAuthenticationMethod());
        System.out.println("Keytab " + ugi.isKeytab);
        System.out.println("============================================================");

        if (args.length == 2) {
            System.out.println("Getting UGI from keytab....");
            loginUserFromKeytab(args[0], args[1]);
            getCurrentUser().print();
            System.out.println("Keytab: " + ugi);
            System.out.println("Auth method " + loginUser.user.getAuthenticationMethod());
            System.out.println("Keytab " + loginUser.isKeytab);
        }
    }

}