Java tutorial
/********************************************************** Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. **************************************************************/ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Cursor; import java.awt.GraphicsConfigTemplate; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseListener; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.Hashtable; import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight; import javax.media.j3d.AudioDevice; import javax.media.j3d.Background; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.Bounds; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight; import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsConfigTemplate3D; import javax.media.j3d.Group; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.Morph; import javax.media.j3d.Node; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.SceneGraphObject; import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer; import com.sun.j3d.loaders.Scene; import com.sun.j3d.loaders.vrml97.VrmlLoader; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.MouseRotate; import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.MouseTranslate; import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.MouseZoom; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickCanvas; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickResult; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickTool; /** * This example loads a VRML file, automatically computes the view point to view * the objects in the file, and then mouse picks. For each pick all the selected * components of the scene are reported (by their VRML name). The VRML scene can * be rotates, scaled and translated using the mouse. */ public class VrmlPickingTest extends Java3dApplet implements MouseListener { PickCanvas pickCanvas = null; public VrmlPickingTest() { } public VrmlPickingTest(String[] args) { saveCommandLineArguments(args); initJava3d(); } public void start() { if (pickCanvas == null) initJava3d(); } protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER); doLayout(); if (m_SceneBranchGroup != null) { c3d.addMouseListener(this); pickCanvas = new PickCanvas(c3d, m_SceneBranchGroup); pickCanvas.setMode(PickTool.GEOMETRY_INTERSECT_INFO); pickCanvas.setTolerance(4.0f); } c3d.setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR)); } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); Transform3D viewTrans = new Transform3D(); Transform3D eyeTrans = new Transform3D(); BoundingSphere sceneBounds = (BoundingSphere) m_SceneBranchGroup.getBounds(); // point the view at the center of the object Point3d center = new Point3d(); sceneBounds.getCenter(center); double radius = sceneBounds.getRadius(); Vector3d temp = new Vector3d(center); viewTrans.set(temp); // pull the eye back far enough to see the whole object double eyeDist = 1.4 * radius / Math.tan(Math.toRadians(40) / 2.0); temp.x = 0.0; temp.y = 0.0; temp.z = eyeDist; eyeTrans.set(temp); viewTrans.mul(eyeTrans); // set the view transform tgArray[0].setTransform(viewTrans); return tgArray; } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup(); Bounds lightBounds = getApplicationBounds(); AmbientLight ambLight = new AmbientLight(true, new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); ambLight.setInfluencingBounds(lightBounds); objRoot.addChild(ambLight); DirectionalLight headLight = new DirectionalLight(); headLight.setInfluencingBounds(lightBounds); objRoot.addChild(headLight); TransformGroup mouseGroup = createMouseBehaviorsGroup(); String vrmlFile = null; try { URL codebase = getWorkingDirectory(); vrmlFile = codebase.toExternalForm() + "BoxConeSphere.wrl"; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (m_szCommandLineArray != null) { switch (m_szCommandLineArray.length) { case 0: break; case 1: vrmlFile = m_szCommandLineArray[0]; break; default: System.err.println("Usage: VrmlPickingTest [pathname|URL]"); System.exit(-1); } } BranchGroup sceneRoot = loadVrmlFile(vrmlFile); if (sceneRoot != null) mouseGroup.addChild(sceneRoot); objRoot.addChild(mouseGroup); return objRoot; } private TransformGroup createMouseBehaviorsGroup() { TransformGroup examineGroup = new TransformGroup(); examineGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ); examineGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); Bounds behaviorBounds = getApplicationBounds(); MouseRotate mr = new MouseRotate(examineGroup); mr.setSchedulingBounds(behaviorBounds); examineGroup.addChild(mr); MouseTranslate mt = new MouseTranslate(examineGroup); mt.setSchedulingBounds(behaviorBounds); examineGroup.addChild(mt); MouseZoom mz = new MouseZoom(examineGroup); mz.setSchedulingBounds(behaviorBounds); examineGroup.addChild(mz); return examineGroup; } private BranchGroup loadVrmlFile(String location) { BranchGroup sceneGroup = null; Scene scene = null; VrmlLoader loader = new VrmlLoader(); try { URL loadUrl = new URL(location); try { // load the scene scene = loader.load(new URL(location)); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception loading URL:" + e); e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException badUrl) { // location may be a path name try { // load the scene scene = loader.load(location); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception loading file from path:" + e); e.printStackTrace(); } } if (scene != null) { // get the scene group sceneGroup = scene.getSceneGroup(); sceneGroup.setCapability(BranchGroup.ALLOW_BOUNDS_READ); sceneGroup.setCapability(BranchGroup.ALLOW_CHILDREN_READ); Hashtable namedObjects = scene.getNamedObjects(); System.out.println("*** Named Objects in VRML file: \n" + namedObjects); // recursively set the user data here // so we can find our objects when they are picked java.util.Enumeration enumValues = namedObjects.elements(); java.util.Enumeration enumKeys = namedObjects.keys(); if (enumValues != null) { while (enumValues.hasMoreElements() != false) { Object value = enumValues.nextElement(); Object key = enumKeys.nextElement(); recursiveSetUserData(value, key); } } } return sceneGroup; } // method to recursively set the user data for objects in the scenegraph // tree // we also set the capabilites on Shape3D and Morph objects required by the // PickTool void recursiveSetUserData(Object value, Object key) { if (value instanceof SceneGraphObject != false) { // set the user data for the item SceneGraphObject sg = (SceneGraphObject) value; sg.setUserData(key); // recursively process group if (sg instanceof Group) { Group g = (Group) sg; // recurse on child nodes java.util.Enumeration enumKids = g.getAllChildren(); while (enumKids.hasMoreElements() != false) recursiveSetUserData(enumKids.nextElement(), key); } else if (sg instanceof Shape3D || sg instanceof Morph) { PickTool.setCapabilities((Node) sg, PickTool.INTERSECT_FULL); } } } // rewritten to check for user data public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { System.out.println("*** MouseClick ***"); pickCanvas.setShapeLocation(e); PickResult[] results = pickCanvas.pickAllSorted(); if (results != null) { for (int n = 0; n < results.length; n++) { PickResult pickResult = results[n]; System.out.println("Sorted PickResult " + n + ": " + pickResult); Node actualNode = pickResult.getObject(); if (actualNode.getUserData() != null) { System.out.println("Sorted Object " + n + ": " + actualNode.getUserData()); } } } PickResult pickResult = pickCanvas.pickClosest(); if (pickResult != null) { System.out.println("Closest PickResult: " + pickResult); Node actualNode = pickResult.getObject(); if (actualNode.getUserData() != null) { System.out.println("Closest Object: " + actualNode.getUserData()); } } } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Current user.dir: " + System.getProperty("user.dir")); VrmlPickingTest pickingTest = new VrmlPickingTest(args); new MainFrame(pickingTest, 400, 400); } } /******************************************************************************* * Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman * * First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and * published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under * the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software * Foundation, version 2. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more * details. * * The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html * * Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite * 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. * * Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org * * If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the * authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. ******************************************************************************/ //***************************************************************************** /** * Java3dApplet * * Base class for defining a Java 3D applet. Contains some useful methods for * defining views and scenegraphs etc. * * @author Daniel Selman * @version 1.0 */ //***************************************************************************** abstract class Java3dApplet extends Applet { public static int m_kWidth = 300; public static int m_kHeight = 300; protected String[] m_szCommandLineArray = null; protected VirtualUniverse m_Universe = null; protected BranchGroup m_SceneBranchGroup = null; protected Bounds m_ApplicationBounds = null; // protected com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree m_Java3dTree = null; public Java3dApplet() { } public boolean isApplet() { try { System.getProperty("user.dir"); System.out.println("Running as Application."); return false; } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet."); return true; } public URL getWorkingDirectory() throws java.net.MalformedURLException { URL url = null; try { File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); System.out.println("Running as Application:"); System.out.println(" " + file.toURL()); return file.toURL(); } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet:"); System.out.println(" " + getCodeBase()); return getCodeBase(); } public VirtualUniverse getVirtualUniverse() { return m_Universe; } //public com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree getJ3dTree() { //return m_Java3dTree; // } public Locale getFirstLocale() { java.util.Enumeration e = m_Universe.getAllLocales(); if (e.hasMoreElements() != false) return (Locale) e.nextElement(); return null; } protected Bounds getApplicationBounds() { if (m_ApplicationBounds == null) m_ApplicationBounds = createApplicationBounds(); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Bounds createApplicationBounds() { m_ApplicationBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Background createBackground() { Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f)); back.setApplicationBounds(createApplicationBounds()); return back; } public void initJava3d() { // m_Java3dTree = new com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree(); m_Universe = createVirtualUniverse(); Locale locale = createLocale(m_Universe); BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroup(); ViewPlatform vp = createViewPlatform(); BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(getViewTransformGroupArray(), vp); createView(vp); Background background = createBackground(); if (background != null) sceneBranchGroup.addChild(background); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup); locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup); addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup); onDoneInit(); } protected void onDoneInit() { // m_Java3dTree.updateNodes(m_Universe); } protected double getScale() { return 1.0; } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); // move the camera BACK a little... // note that we have to invert the matrix as // we are moving the viewer Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setScale(getScale()); t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -20.0)); t3d.invert(); tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d); return tgArray; } protected void addViewBranchGroup(Locale locale, BranchGroup bg) { locale.addBranchGraph(bg); } protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) { return new Locale(u); } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { m_SceneBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); return m_SceneBranchGroup; } protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) { View view = new View(); PhysicalBody pb = createPhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment pe = createPhysicalEnvironment(); AudioDevice audioDevice = createAudioDevice(pe); if (audioDevice != null) { pe.setAudioDevice(audioDevice); audioDevice.initialize(); } view.setPhysicalEnvironment(pe); view.setPhysicalBody(pb); if (vp != null) view.attachViewPlatform(vp); view.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance()); view.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance()); Canvas3D c3d = createCanvas3D(); view.addCanvas3D(c3d); addCanvas3D(c3d); return view; } protected PhysicalBody createPhysicalBody() { return new PhysicalBody(); } protected AudioDevice createAudioDevice(PhysicalEnvironment pe) { JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(pe); if (javaSoundMixer == null) System.out.println("create of audiodevice failed"); return javaSoundMixer; } protected PhysicalEnvironment createPhysicalEnvironment() { return new PhysicalEnvironment(); } protected float getViewPlatformActivationRadius() { return 100; } protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() { ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vp.setViewAttachPolicy(View.RELATIVE_TO_FIELD_OF_VIEW); vp.setActivationRadius(getViewPlatformActivationRadius()); return vp; } protected Canvas3D createCanvas3D() { GraphicsConfigTemplate3D gc3D = new GraphicsConfigTemplate3D(); gc3D.setSceneAntialiasing(GraphicsConfigTemplate.PREFERRED); GraphicsDevice gd[] = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getScreenDevices(); Canvas3D c3d = new Canvas3D(gd[0].getBestConfiguration(gc3D)); c3d.setSize(getCanvas3dWidth(c3d), getCanvas3dHeight(c3d)); return c3d; } protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kWidth; } protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kHeight; } protected double getBackClipDistance() { return 100.0; } protected double getFrontClipDistance() { return 1.0; } protected BranchGroup createViewBranchGroup(TransformGroup[] tgArray, ViewPlatform vp) { BranchGroup vpBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); if (tgArray != null && tgArray.length > 0) { Group parentGroup = vpBranchGroup; TransformGroup curTg = null; for (int n = 0; n < tgArray.length; n++) { curTg = tgArray[n]; parentGroup.addChild(curTg); parentGroup = curTg; } tgArray[tgArray.length - 1].addChild(vp); } else vpBranchGroup.addChild(vp); return vpBranchGroup; } protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER); doLayout(); } protected VirtualUniverse createVirtualUniverse() { return new VirtualUniverse(); } protected void saveCommandLineArguments(String[] szArgs) { m_szCommandLineArray = szArgs; } protected String[] getCommandLineArguments() { return m_szCommandLineArray; } } //File: BoxConeSphere.wrl /* #VRML V2.0 utf8 #Cosmo Worlds V2.0 DEF Box Transform { children Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { ambientIntensity 0.25 diffuseColor 0.33 0.34 0.6 specularColor 0.29 0.29 0.29 emissiveColor 0 0 0 shininess 0.79 transparency 0 } } geometry Box { } } translation 0 1 0 } DEF Cone Transform { children Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { ambientIntensity 0.238636 diffuseColor 0.88 0.15 0.01 specularColor 0.19 0.03 0.03 emissiveColor 0 0 0 shininess 0.08 transparency 0 } } geometry Cone { } } translation 0 3 0 } DEF Sphere Transform { children Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { ambientIntensity 0.25 diffuseColor 1 0.85 0 specularColor 0.87 0.25 0.25 emissiveColor 0 0 0 shininess 1 transparency 0 } } geometry Sphere { } } translation 0 5 0 } DEF Start Viewpoint { position -6.83953 4.47054 7.64913 orientation -0.237334 -0.967284 -0.0896321 0.744468 fieldOfView 0.785398 description "Start" } */