Java tutorial
/********************************************************** Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. **************************************************************/ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Button; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.GraphicsConfigTemplate; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.awt.Panel; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.net.URL; import javax.media.j3d.Alpha; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.AudioDevice; import javax.media.j3d.Background; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.Bounds; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.ColoringAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsConfigTemplate3D; import javax.media.j3d.Group; import javax.media.j3d.HiResCoord; import javax.media.j3d.ImageComponent; import javax.media.j3d.ImageComponent2D; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.ColorCube; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Sphere; import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader; /** * This application creates a Universe with 3 Locales. The first Locale contains * the Sun and some planets. The second Locale contains the planet Earth. The * third Locale is situated on the surface of the earth and contains a "house" */ public class HiResCoordTest extends Java3dApplet implements ActionListener { private static int m_kWidth = 320; private static int m_kHeight = 350; private final long m_TranslateSunZ = (long) 8.0e+11; private final long m_TranslateEarthZ = (long) 4.0e+7; private final long m_TranslateHouseZ = (long) 4.0e+2; private long m_TranslateZ = m_TranslateSunZ; // all units are in metres private final long m_EarthOrbit = (long) 150.0e+9; private final long m_EarthRadius = (long) 6.378e+6; private final long m_MarsOrbit = (long) 228.6e+9; private final long m_MarsRadius = (long) 3.373e+6; private final long m_MercuryOrbit = (long) 58.2e+9; private final long m_MercuryRadius = (long) 2.436e+6; private final long m_SunRadius = (long) 7.0e+8; private ViewPlatform[] m_ViewPlatformArray = new ViewPlatform[3]; private View m_View = null; public HiResCoordTest() { initJava3d(); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { if (event.getActionCommand() == "Sun") { m_TranslateZ = m_TranslateSunZ; m_View.attachViewPlatform(m_ViewPlatformArray[0]); } else if (event.getActionCommand() == "Earth" && m_ViewPlatformArray[1] != null) { m_TranslateZ = m_TranslateEarthZ; m_View.attachViewPlatform(m_ViewPlatformArray[1]); } else if (event.getActionCommand() == "House" && m_ViewPlatformArray[1] != null) { m_TranslateZ = m_TranslateHouseZ; m_View.attachViewPlatform(m_ViewPlatformArray[2]); } m_View.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance()); m_View.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance()); } protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); Panel controlPanel = new Panel(); controlPanel.add(c3d); Button button = null; button = new Button("Sun"); button.addActionListener(this); controlPanel.add(button); button = new Button("Earth"); button.addActionListener(this); controlPanel.add(button); button = new Button("House"); button.addActionListener(this); controlPanel.add(button); add(controlPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER); doLayout(); } // this is the locale for the Sun protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) { int[] xPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int[] yPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int[] zPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; HiResCoord hiResCoord = new HiResCoord(xPos, yPos, zPos); return new Locale(u, hiResCoord); } // this is the locale for the earth protected Locale createLocaleEarth(VirtualUniverse u) { int[] xPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int[] yPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int[] zPos = { 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; HiResCoord hiResCoord = new HiResCoord(xPos, yPos, zPos); return new Locale(u, hiResCoord); } // this is the locale for the house on earth protected Locale createLocaleHouse(VirtualUniverse u) { int[] xPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int[] yPos = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 100, 0, 0, 0 }; int[] zPos = { 0, 0, 0, 1, 100, 0, 0, 0 }; HiResCoord hiResCoord = new HiResCoord(xPos, yPos, zPos); return new Locale(u, hiResCoord); } public void initJava3d() { super.initJava3d(); // create a second locale for the earth and attach it to the universe Locale locale = createLocaleEarth(m_Universe); BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroupEarth(); sceneBranchGroup.addChild(createBackground()); m_ViewPlatformArray[1] = createViewPlatform(); BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(getViewTransformGroupArray(1), m_ViewPlatformArray[1]); // getJ3dTree().recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup); // getJ3dTree().recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup); locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup); addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup); // create a third locale for the house on earth and attach it to the // universe locale = createLocaleHouse(m_Universe); sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroupHouse(); sceneBranchGroup.addChild(createBackground()); m_ViewPlatformArray[2] = createViewPlatform(); viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(getViewTransformGroupArray(2), m_ViewPlatformArray[2]); // getJ3dTree().recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup); // getJ3dTree().recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup); locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup); addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup); onDoneInit(); } protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() { ViewPlatform vp = super.createViewPlatform(); // save the viewplatform for the Sun's locale if (m_ViewPlatformArray[0] == null) m_ViewPlatformArray[0] = vp; return vp; } protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) { // save the view m_View = super.createView(vp); return m_View; } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); Vector3d vTrans = new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -m_TranslateSunZ); // move the camera BACK so we can view the scene // note that the coordinate directions are // reversed as we are moving the view Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setTranslation(vTrans); t3d.invert(); tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d); return tgArray; } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray(int nIndex) { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); Vector3d vTrans = null; if (nIndex == 1) vTrans = new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -m_TranslateEarthZ); else vTrans = new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -m_TranslateHouseZ); // move the camera BACK so we can view the scene // note that the coordinate directions are // reversed as we are moving the view Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setTranslation(vTrans); t3d.invert(); tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d); return tgArray; } protected double getBackClipDistance() { return 1.1 * m_TranslateZ; } protected double getFrontClipDistance() { return 0.1 * m_TranslateZ; } private Shape3D createLabel(String szText, float x, float y, float z) { BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(50, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = bufferedImage.getGraphics(); g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawString(szText, 10, 10); ImageComponent2D imageComponent2D = new ImageComponent2D(ImageComponent2D.FORMAT_RGB, bufferedImage); imageComponent2D.setCapability(ImageComponent.ALLOW_IMAGE_READ); imageComponent2D.setCapability(ImageComponent.ALLOW_SIZE_READ); // create the Raster for the image javax.media.j3d.Raster renderRaster = new javax.media.j3d.Raster(new Point3f(x, y, z), javax.media.j3d.Raster.RASTER_COLOR, 0, 0, bufferedImage.getWidth(), bufferedImage.getHeight(), imageComponent2D, null); return new Shape3D(renderRaster); } // creates the Sun protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup(); Transform3D t3dTilt = new Transform3D(); t3dTilt.rotX(0.3); TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(t3dTilt); objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); TransformGroup objTransPlanets = new TransformGroup(); objTransPlanets.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha, objTransPlanets, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), m_TranslateSunZ); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); objTransPlanets.addChild(rotator); // create the sun TransformGroup sunTg = createSun(); // create Earth Transform3D t3dEarth = new Transform3D(); t3dEarth.setScale(m_EarthRadius); t3dEarth.setTranslation(new Vector3d(m_EarthOrbit, 0, 0)); objTransPlanets.addChild(createPlanet("Earth", new Color3f(0, 0.1f, 1.0f), t3dEarth, null)); // create Mars Transform3D t3dMars = new Transform3D(); t3dMars.setTranslation( new Vector3d(Math.sin(Math.PI * 1.5) * m_MarsOrbit, 0, Math.cos(Math.PI * 0.5) * m_MarsOrbit)); t3dMars.setScale(m_MarsRadius); objTransPlanets.addChild(createPlanet("Mars", new Color3f(1, 0, 0), t3dMars, null)); // create Mercury Transform3D t3dMercury = new Transform3D(); t3dMercury.setTranslation( new Vector3d(Math.sin(Math.PI) * m_MercuryOrbit, 0, Math.cos(Math.PI) * m_MercuryOrbit)); t3dMercury.setScale(m_MercuryRadius); objTransPlanets.addChild(createPlanet("Mercury", new Color3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f), t3dMercury, null)); sunTg.addChild(objTransPlanets); objTrans.addChild(sunTg); objRoot.addChild(objTrans); return objRoot; } private TransformGroup createSun() { TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(); Appearance app = new Appearance(); ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes(); ca.setColor(new Color3f(1, 1, 0)); app.setColoringAttributes(ca); objTrans.addChild(createLabel("Sun", m_SunRadius * 1.1f, m_SunRadius * 1.1f, 0)); objTrans.addChild(new Sphere(m_SunRadius, app)); return objTrans; } private TransformGroup createPlanet(String szName, Color3f color, Transform3D t3d, String szTexture) { TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(t3d); Appearance app = new Appearance(); if (szTexture != null) { TextureLoader tex = new TextureLoader(szTexture, this); app.setTexture(tex.getTexture()); } else { ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes(); ca.setColor(color); app.setColoringAttributes(ca); } objTrans.addChild(createLabel(szName, 1.2f, 1.2f, 0)); objTrans.addChild(new Sphere(1.0f, Sphere.GENERATE_NORMALS | Sphere.GENERATE_TEXTURE_COORDS, app)); return objTrans; } // creates the Earth protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroupEarth() { BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup(); TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(); objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); yAxis.rotZ(0.2); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha, objTrans, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), m_TranslateSunZ); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); objTrans.addChild(rotator); Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setScale(m_EarthRadius); objTrans.addChild(createPlanet("Earth", new Color3f(0, 0.1f, 1), t3d, "earth.jpg")); objRoot.addChild(objTrans); return objRoot; } // creates the House protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroupHouse() { BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup(); Transform3D t3dTilt = new Transform3D(); t3dTilt.rotX(0.3); TransformGroup subTg = new TransformGroup(t3dTilt); subTg.addChild(new ColorCube(50.0)); subTg.addChild(createLabel("House", 60, 60, 0)); objRoot.addChild(subTg); return objRoot; } public static void main(String[] args) { HiResCoordTest hiResCoordTest = new HiResCoordTest(); hiResCoordTest.saveCommandLineArguments(args); new MainFrame(hiResCoordTest, m_kWidth, m_kHeight); } } /******************************************************************************* * Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman * * First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and * published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under * the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software * Foundation, version 2. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more * details. * * The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html * * Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite * 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. * * Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org * * If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the * authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. ******************************************************************************/ //***************************************************************************** /** * Java3dApplet * * Base class for defining a Java 3D applet. Contains some useful methods for * defining views and scenegraphs etc. * * @author Daniel Selman * @version 1.0 */ //***************************************************************************** abstract class Java3dApplet extends Applet { public static int m_kWidth = 300; public static int m_kHeight = 300; protected String[] m_szCommandLineArray = null; protected VirtualUniverse m_Universe = null; protected BranchGroup m_SceneBranchGroup = null; protected Bounds m_ApplicationBounds = null; // protected com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree m_Java3dTree = null; public Java3dApplet() { } public boolean isApplet() { try { System.getProperty("user.dir"); System.out.println("Running as Application."); return false; } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet."); return true; } public URL getWorkingDirectory() throws java.net.MalformedURLException { URL url = null; try { File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); System.out.println("Running as Application:"); System.out.println(" " + file.toURL()); return file.toURL(); } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet:"); System.out.println(" " + getCodeBase()); return getCodeBase(); } public VirtualUniverse getVirtualUniverse() { return m_Universe; } //public com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree getJ3dTree() { //return m_Java3dTree; // } public Locale getFirstLocale() { java.util.Enumeration e = m_Universe.getAllLocales(); if (e.hasMoreElements() != false) return (Locale) e.nextElement(); return null; } protected Bounds getApplicationBounds() { if (m_ApplicationBounds == null) m_ApplicationBounds = createApplicationBounds(); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Bounds createApplicationBounds() { m_ApplicationBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Background createBackground() { Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f)); back.setApplicationBounds(createApplicationBounds()); return back; } public void initJava3d() { // m_Java3dTree = new com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree(); m_Universe = createVirtualUniverse(); Locale locale = createLocale(m_Universe); BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroup(); ViewPlatform vp = createViewPlatform(); BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(getViewTransformGroupArray(), vp); createView(vp); Background background = createBackground(); if (background != null) sceneBranchGroup.addChild(background); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup); locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup); addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup); onDoneInit(); } protected void onDoneInit() { // m_Java3dTree.updateNodes(m_Universe); } protected double getScale() { return 1.0; } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); // move the camera BACK a little... // note that we have to invert the matrix as // we are moving the viewer Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setScale(getScale()); t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -20.0)); t3d.invert(); tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d); return tgArray; } protected void addViewBranchGroup(Locale locale, BranchGroup bg) { locale.addBranchGraph(bg); } protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) { return new Locale(u); } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { m_SceneBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); return m_SceneBranchGroup; } protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) { View view = new View(); PhysicalBody pb = createPhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment pe = createPhysicalEnvironment(); AudioDevice audioDevice = createAudioDevice(pe); if (audioDevice != null) { pe.setAudioDevice(audioDevice); audioDevice.initialize(); } view.setPhysicalEnvironment(pe); view.setPhysicalBody(pb); if (vp != null) view.attachViewPlatform(vp); view.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance()); view.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance()); Canvas3D c3d = createCanvas3D(); view.addCanvas3D(c3d); addCanvas3D(c3d); return view; } protected PhysicalBody createPhysicalBody() { return new PhysicalBody(); } protected AudioDevice createAudioDevice(PhysicalEnvironment pe) { JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(pe); if (javaSoundMixer == null) System.out.println("create of audiodevice failed"); return javaSoundMixer; } protected PhysicalEnvironment createPhysicalEnvironment() { return new PhysicalEnvironment(); } protected float getViewPlatformActivationRadius() { return 100; } protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() { ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vp.setViewAttachPolicy(View.RELATIVE_TO_FIELD_OF_VIEW); vp.setActivationRadius(getViewPlatformActivationRadius()); return vp; } protected Canvas3D createCanvas3D() { GraphicsConfigTemplate3D gc3D = new GraphicsConfigTemplate3D(); gc3D.setSceneAntialiasing(GraphicsConfigTemplate.PREFERRED); GraphicsDevice gd[] = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getScreenDevices(); Canvas3D c3d = new Canvas3D(gd[0].getBestConfiguration(gc3D)); c3d.setSize(getCanvas3dWidth(c3d), getCanvas3dHeight(c3d)); return c3d; } protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kWidth; } protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kHeight; } protected double getBackClipDistance() { return 100.0; } protected double getFrontClipDistance() { return 1.0; } protected BranchGroup createViewBranchGroup(TransformGroup[] tgArray, ViewPlatform vp) { BranchGroup vpBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); if (tgArray != null && tgArray.length > 0) { Group parentGroup = vpBranchGroup; TransformGroup curTg = null; for (int n = 0; n < tgArray.length; n++) { curTg = tgArray[n]; parentGroup.addChild(curTg); parentGroup = curTg; } tgArray[tgArray.length - 1].addChild(vp); } else vpBranchGroup.addChild(vp); return vpBranchGroup; } protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER); doLayout(); } protected VirtualUniverse createVirtualUniverse() { return new VirtualUniverse(); } protected void saveCommandLineArguments(String[] szArgs) { m_szCommandLineArray = szArgs; } protected String[] getCommandLineArguments() { return m_szCommandLineArray; } }