File permissions. Use File.chmod to set permissions (system dependent).
f = "/usr/bin/ruby" # A filename for the examples below
File.readable?(f) # Can we read the file?
File.writable?(f) # Can we write the file? No "e" in "writable"
File.executable?(f) # Can we execute the file?
File.world_readable?(f) # Can everybody read it? Ruby 1.9.
File.world_writable?(f) # Can everybody write it? Ruby 1.9.
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