Animator Demo
/* From http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/index.html */
/*
* @(#)Animator.java 1.5 95/11/29 Herb Jellinek
*
* Copyright (c) 1994-1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
* and its documentation for NON-COMMERCIAL or COMMERCIAL purposes and
* without fee is hereby granted.
* Please refer to the file http://java.sun.com/copy_trademarks.html
* for further important copyright and trademark information and to
* http://java.sun.com/licensing.html for further important licensing
* information for the Java (tm) Technology.
*
* SUN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF
* THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
* PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. SUN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR
* DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE AS ON-LINE
* CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING FAIL-SAFE
* PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT
* NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT LIFE
* SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
* SOFTWARE COULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE
* PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES"). SUN
* SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR
* HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
*/
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.applet.AudioClip;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Event;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.MediaTracker;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.image.ImageProducer;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
* An applet that plays a sequence of images, as a loop or a one-shot. Can have
* a soundtrack and/or sound effects tied to individual frames.
*
* @author Herb Jellinek
* @version 1.5, 29 Nov 1995
*/
public class Animator extends Applet implements Runnable {
/**
* The images, in display order (Images).
*/
Vector images = null;
/**
* Duration of each image (Integers, in milliseconds).
*/
Hashtable durations = null;
/**
* Sound effects for each image (AudioClips).
*/
Hashtable sounds = null;
/**
* Position of each image (Points).
*/
Hashtable positions = null;
/**
* MediaTracker 'class' ID numbers.
*/
static final int STARTUP_ID = 0;
static final int BACKGROUND_ID = 1;
static final int ANIMATION_ID = 2;
/**
* Start-up image URL, if any.
*/
URL startUpImageURL = null;
/**
* Start-up image, if any.
*/
Image startUpImage = null;
/**
* Background image URL, if any.
*/
URL backgroundImageURL = null;
/**
* Background image, if any.
*/
Image backgroundImage = null;
/**
* The soundtrack's URL.
*/
URL soundtrackURL = null;
/**
* The soundtrack.
*/
AudioClip soundtrack;
/**
* Largest width.
*/
int maxWidth = 0;
/**
* Largest height.
*/
int maxHeight = 0;
/**
* Was there a problem loading the current image?
*/
boolean imageLoadError = false;
/**
* The directory or URL from which the images are loaded
*/
URL imageSource = null;
/**
* The directory or URL from which the sounds are loaded
*/
URL soundSource = null;
/**
* The thread animating the images.
*/
Thread engine = null;
/**
* The current loop slot - index into 'images.'
*/
int frameNum;
/**
* frameNum as an Object - suitable for use as a Hashtable key.
*/
Integer frameNumKey;
/**
* The current X position (for painting).
*/
int xPos = 0;
/**
* The current Y position (for painting).
*/
int yPos = 0;
/**
* The default number of milliseconds to wait between frames.
*/
public static final int defaultPause = 3900;
/**
* The global delay between images, which can be overridden by the PAUSE
* parameter.
*/
int globalPause = defaultPause;
/**
* Whether or not the thread has been paused by the user.
*/
boolean userPause = false;
/**
* Repeat the animation? If false, just play it once.
*/
boolean repeat;
/**
* The offscreen image, used in double buffering
*/
Image offScrImage;
/**
* The offscreen graphics context, used in double buffering
*/
Graphics offScrGC;
/**
* The MediaTracker we use to load our images.
*/
MediaTracker tracker;
/**
* Can we paint yet?
*/
boolean loaded = false;
/**
* Was there an initialization error?
*/
boolean error = false;
/**
* What we call an image file in messages.
*/
final static String imageLabel = "image";
/**
* What we call a sound file in messages.
*/
final static String soundLabel = "sound";
/**
* Print silly debugging info?
*/
final boolean debug = false;
/**
* Applet info.
*/
public String getAppletInfo() {
return "Animator v1.5, by Herb Jellinek";
}
/**
* Parameter info.
*/
public String[][] getParameterInfo() {
String[][] info = { { "imagesource", "URL", "a directory" },
{ "startup", "URL", "displayed at startup" },
{ "background", "URL", "displayed as background" },
{ "startimage", "int", "start index" },
{ "endimage", "int", "end index" },
{ "namepattern", "URL", "used to generate indexed names" },
{ "pause", "int", "milliseconds" },
{ "pauses", "ints", "milliseconds" },
{ "repeat", "boolean", "repeat or not" },
{ "positions", "coordinates", "path" },
{ "soundsource", "URL", "audio directory" },
{ "soundtrack", "URL", "background music" },
{ "sounds", "URLs", "audio samples" }, };
return info;
}
/**
* Print silly debugging info.
*/
void dbg(String s) {
if (debug) {
System.out.println("> " + s);
}
}
/**
* Local version of getParameter for debugging purposes.
*/
public String getParameter(String key) {
String result = super.getParameter(key);
dbg("getParameter(" + key + ") = " + result);
return result;
}
final int setFrameNum(int newFrameNum) {
frameNumKey = new Integer(frameNum = newFrameNum);
return frameNum;
}
void updateMaxDims(Dimension dim) {
maxWidth = Math.max(dim.width, maxWidth);
maxHeight = Math.max(dim.height, maxHeight);
dbg("New width = " + maxWidth + ", height = " + maxHeight);
}
/**
* Parse the IMAGES parameter. It looks like 1|2|3|4|5, etc., where each
* number (item) names a source image.
*
* @return a Vector of (URL) image file names.
*/
Vector parseImages(String attr) throws MalformedURLException {
Vector result = new Vector(10);
for (int i = 0; i < attr.length();) {
int next = attr.indexOf('|', i);
if (next == -1)
next = attr.length();
String file = attr.substring(i, next);
result.addElement(new URL(imageSource, "T" + file + ".gif"));
i = next + 1;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Fetch the images named in the argument, updating maxWidth and maxHeight
* as we go. Is restartable.
*
* @param images
* a Vector of URLs
* @return true if all went well, false otherwise.
*/
boolean fetchImages(Vector images) {
int i;
int size = images.size();
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Object o = images.elementAt(i);
if (o instanceof URL) {
URL url = (URL) o;
tellLoadingMsg(url, imageLabel);
Image im = getImage(url);
tracker.addImage(im, ANIMATION_ID);
images.setElementAt(im, i);
}
}
try {
tracker.waitForID(ANIMATION_ID);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if (tracker.isErrorID(ANIMATION_ID)) {
return false;
}
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
updateMaxDims(getImageDimensions((Image) images.elementAt(i)));
}
return true;
}
/**
* Parse the SOUNDS parameter. It looks like train.au||hello.au||stop.au,
* etc., where each item refers to a source image. Empty items mean that the
* corresponding image has no associated sound.
*
* @return a Hashtable of SoundClips keyed to Integer frame numbers.
*/
Hashtable parseSounds(String attr, Vector images)
throws MalformedURLException {
Hashtable result = new Hashtable();
int imageNum = 0;
int numImages = images.size();
for (int i = 0; i < attr.length();) {
if (imageNum >= numImages)
break;
int next = attr.indexOf('|', i);
if (next == -1)
next = attr.length();
String sound = attr.substring(i, next);
if (sound.length() != 0) {
result.put(new Integer(imageNum), new URL(soundSource, sound));
}
i = next + 1;
imageNum++;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Fetch the sounds named in the argument. Is restartable.
*
* @return URL of the first bogus file we hit, null if OK.
*/
URL fetchSounds(Hashtable sounds) {
for (Enumeration e = sounds.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
Integer num = (Integer) e.nextElement();
Object o = sounds.get(num);
if (o instanceof URL) {
URL file = (URL) o;
tellLoadingMsg(file, soundLabel);
try {
sounds.put(num, getAudioClip(file));
} catch (Exception ex) {
return file;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Parse the PAUSES parameter. It looks like 1000|500|||750, etc., where
* each item corresponds to a source image. Empty items mean that the
* corresponding image has no special duration, and should use the global
* one.
*
* @return a Hashtable of Integer pauses keyed to Integer frame numbers.
*/
Hashtable parseDurations(String attr, Vector images) {
Hashtable result = new Hashtable();
int imageNum = 0;
int numImages = images.size();
for (int i = 0; i < attr.length();) {
if (imageNum >= numImages)
break;
int next = attr.indexOf('|', i);
if (next == -1)
next = attr.length();
if (i != next - 1) {
int duration = Integer.parseInt(attr.substring(i, next));
result.put(new Integer(imageNum), new Integer(duration));
} else {
result.put(new Integer(imageNum), new Integer(globalPause));
}
i = next + 1;
imageNum++;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Parse a String of form xxx@yyy and return a Point.
*/
Point parsePoint(String s) throws ParseException {
int atPos = s.indexOf('@');
if (atPos == -1)
throw new ParseException("Illegal position: " + s);
return new Point(Integer.parseInt(s.substring(0, atPos)), Integer
.parseInt(s.substring(atPos + 1)));
}
/**
* Parse the POSITIONS parameter. It looks like 10@30|11@31|||12@20, etc.,
* where each item is an X@Y coordinate corresponding to a source image.
* Empty items mean that the corresponding image has the same position as
* the preceding one.
*
* @return a Hashtable of Points keyed to Integer frame numbers.
*/
Hashtable parsePositions(String param, Vector images) throws ParseException {
Hashtable result = new Hashtable();
int imageNum = 0;
int numImages = images.size();
for (int i = 0; i < param.length();) {
if (imageNum >= numImages)
break;
int next = param.indexOf('|', i);
if (next == -1)
next = param.length();
if (i != next) {
result.put(new Integer(imageNum), parsePoint(param.substring(i,
next)));
}
i = next + 1;
imageNum++;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Get the dimensions of an image.
*
* @return the image's dimensions.
*/
Dimension getImageDimensions(Image im) {
return new Dimension(im.getWidth(null), im.getHeight(null));
}
/**
* Substitute an integer some number of times in a string, subject to
* parameter strings embedded in the string. Parameter strings: %N -
* substitute the integer as is, with no padding. % <digit>, for example %5 -
* substitute the integer left-padded with zeros to <digits>digits wide. %% -
* substitute a '%' here.
*
* @param inStr
* the String to substitute within
* @param theInt
* the int to substitute.
*/
String doSubst(String inStr, int theInt) {
String padStr = "0000000000";
int length = inStr.length();
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(length);
for (int i = 0; i < length;) {
char ch = inStr.charAt(i);
if (ch == '%') {
i++;
if (i == length) {
result.append(ch);
} else {
ch = inStr.charAt(i);
if (ch == 'N') {
// just stick in the number, unmolested
result.append(theInt + "");
i++;
} else {
int pad;
if ((pad = Character.digit(ch, 10)) != -1) {
// we've got a width value
String numStr = theInt + "";
String scr = padStr + numStr;
result.append(scr.substring(scr.length() - pad));
i++;
} else {
result.append(ch);
i++;
}
}
}
} else {
result.append(ch);
i++;
}
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* Stuff a range of image names into a Vector.
*
* @return a Vector of image URLs.
*/
Vector prepareImageRange(int startImage, int endImage, String pattern)
throws MalformedURLException {
Vector result = new Vector(Math.abs(endImage - startImage) + 1);
if (pattern == null) {
pattern = "T%N.gif";
}
if (startImage > endImage) {
for (int i = startImage; i >= endImage; i--) {
result.addElement(new URL(imageSource, doSubst(pattern, i)));
}
} else {
for (int i = startImage; i <= endImage; i++) {
result.addElement(new URL(imageSource, doSubst(pattern, i)));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Initialize the applet. Get parameters.
*/
public void init() {
tracker = new MediaTracker(this);
try {
String param = getParameter("IMAGESOURCE");
imageSource = (param == null) ? getDocumentBase() : new URL(
getDocumentBase(), param + "/");
param = getParameter("PAUSE");
globalPause = (param != null) ? Integer.parseInt(param)
: defaultPause;
param = getParameter("REPEAT");
repeat = (param == null) ? true
: (param.equalsIgnoreCase("yes") || param
.equalsIgnoreCase("true"));
int startImage = 1;
int endImage = 1;
param = getParameter("ENDIMAGE");
if (param != null) {
endImage = Integer.parseInt(param);
param = getParameter("STARTIMAGE");
if (param != null) {
startImage = Integer.parseInt(param);
}
param = getParameter("NAMEPATTERN");
images = prepareImageRange(startImage, endImage, param);
} else {
param = getParameter("STARTIMAGE");
if (param != null) {
startImage = Integer.parseInt(param);
param = getParameter("NAMEPATTERN");
images = prepareImageRange(startImage, endImage, param);
} else {
param = getParameter("IMAGES");
if (param == null) {
showStatus("No legal IMAGES, STARTIMAGE, or ENDIMAGE "
+ "specified.");
return;
} else {
images = parseImages(param);
}
}
}
param = getParameter("BACKGROUND");
if (param != null) {
backgroundImageURL = new URL(imageSource, param);
}
param = getParameter("STARTUP");
if (param != null) {
startUpImageURL = new URL(imageSource, param);
}
param = getParameter("SOUNDSOURCE");
soundSource = (param == null) ? imageSource : new URL(
getDocumentBase(), param + "/");
param = getParameter("SOUNDS");
if (param != null) {
sounds = parseSounds(param, images);
}
param = getParameter("PAUSES");
if (param != null) {
durations = parseDurations(param, images);
}
param = getParameter("POSITIONS");
if (param != null) {
positions = parsePositions(param, images);
}
param = getParameter("SOUNDTRACK");
if (param != null) {
soundtrackURL = new URL(soundSource, param);
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
showParseError(e);
} catch (ParseException e) {
showParseError(e);
}
setFrameNum(0);
}
void tellLoadingMsg(String file, String fileType) {
showStatus("Animator: loading " + fileType + " " + file);
}
void tellLoadingMsg(URL url, String fileType) {
tellLoadingMsg(url.toExternalForm(), fileType);
}
void clearLoadingMessage() {
showStatus("");
}
void loadError(String fileName, String fileType) {
String errorMsg = "Animator: Couldn't load " + fileType + " "
+ fileName;
showStatus(errorMsg);
System.err.println(errorMsg);
error = true;
repaint();
}
void loadError(URL badURL, String fileType) {
loadError(badURL.toExternalForm(), fileType);
}
void showParseError(Exception e) {
String errorMsg = "Animator: Parse error: " + e;
showStatus(errorMsg);
System.err.println(errorMsg);
error = true;
repaint();
}
void startPlaying() {
if (soundtrack != null) {
soundtrack.loop();
}
}
void stopPlaying() {
if (soundtrack != null) {
soundtrack.stop();
}
}
/**
* Run the animation. This method is called by class Thread.
*
* @see java.lang.Thread
*/
public void run() {
Thread me = Thread.currentThread();
URL badURL;
me.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
if (!loaded) {
try {
// ... to do a bunch of loading.
if (startUpImageURL != null) {
tellLoadingMsg(startUpImageURL, imageLabel);
startUpImage = getImage(startUpImageURL);
tracker.addImage(startUpImage, STARTUP_ID);
tracker.waitForID(STARTUP_ID);
if (tracker.isErrorID(STARTUP_ID)) {
loadError(startUpImageURL, "start-up image");
}
Dimension size = getImageDimensions(startUpImage);
resize(size.width, size.height);
repaint();
}
if (backgroundImageURL != null) {
tellLoadingMsg(backgroundImageURL, imageLabel);
backgroundImage = getImage(backgroundImageURL);
tracker.addImage(backgroundImage, BACKGROUND_ID);
tracker.waitForID(BACKGROUND_ID);
if (tracker.isErrorID(BACKGROUND_ID)) {
loadError(backgroundImageURL, "background image");
}
updateMaxDims(getImageDimensions(backgroundImage));
repaint();
}
// Fetch the animation frames
if (!fetchImages(images)) {
// Need to add method to MediaTracker to return
// files that caused errors during loading.
loadError("an image", imageLabel);
return;
}
if (soundtrackURL != null && soundtrack == null) {
tellLoadingMsg(soundtrackURL, imageLabel);
soundtrack = getAudioClip(soundtrackURL);
if (soundtrack == null) {
loadError(soundtrackURL, "soundtrack");
return;
}
}
if (sounds != null) {
badURL = fetchSounds(sounds);
if (badURL != null) {
loadError(badURL, soundLabel);
return;
}
}
clearLoadingMessage();
offScrImage = createImage(maxWidth, maxHeight);
offScrGC = offScrImage.getGraphics();
offScrGC.setColor(Color.white);
resize(maxWidth, maxHeight);
loaded = true;
error = false;
} catch (Exception e) {
error = true;
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (userPause) {
return;
}
if (repeat || frameNum < images.size()) {
startPlaying();
}
try {
if (images.size() > 1) {
while (maxWidth > 0 && maxHeight > 0 && engine == me) {
if (frameNum >= images.size()) {
if (!repeat) {
return;
}
setFrameNum(0);
}
repaint();
if (sounds != null) {
AudioClip clip = (AudioClip) sounds.get(frameNumKey);
if (clip != null) {
clip.play();
}
}
try {
Integer pause = null;
if (durations != null) {
pause = (Integer) durations.get(frameNumKey);
}
if (pause == null) {
Thread.sleep(globalPause);
} else {
Thread.sleep(pause.intValue());
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Should we do anything?
}
setFrameNum(frameNum + 1);
}
}
} finally {
stopPlaying();
}
}
/**
* No need to clear anything; just paint.
*/
public void update(Graphics g) {
paint(g);
}
/**
* Paint the current frame.
*/
public void paint(Graphics g) {
if (error || !loaded) {
if (startUpImage != null) {
if (tracker.checkID(STARTUP_ID)) {
g.drawImage(startUpImage, 0, 0, this);
}
} else {
if (backgroundImage != null) {
if (tracker.checkID(BACKGROUND_ID)) {
g.drawImage(backgroundImage, 0, 0, this);
}
} else {
g.clearRect(0, 0, maxWidth, maxHeight);
}
}
} else {
if ((images != null) && (images.size() > 0)) {
if (frameNum < images.size()) {
if (backgroundImage == null) {
offScrGC.fillRect(0, 0, maxWidth, maxHeight);
} else {
offScrGC.drawImage(backgroundImage, 0, 0, this);
}
Image image = (Image) images.elementAt(frameNum);
Point pos = null;
if (positions != null) {
pos = (Point) positions.get(frameNumKey);
}
if (pos != null) {
xPos = pos.x;
yPos = pos.y;
}
offScrGC.drawImage(image, xPos, yPos, this);
g.drawImage(offScrImage, 0, 0, this);
} else {
// no more animation, but need to draw something
dbg("No more animation; drawing last image.");
if (backgroundImage == null) {
g.fillRect(0, 0, maxWidth, maxHeight);
} else {
g.drawImage(backgroundImage, 0, 0, this);
}
g.drawImage((Image) images.lastElement(), 0, 0, this);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Start the applet by forking an animation thread.
*/
public void start() {
if (engine == null) {
engine = new Thread(this);
engine.start();
}
}
/**
* Stop the insanity, um, applet.
*/
public void stop() {
if (engine != null && engine.isAlive()) {
engine.stop();
}
engine = null;
}
/**
* Pause the thread when the user clicks the mouse in the applet. If the
* thread has stopped (as in a non-repeat performance), restart it.
*/
public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) {
if (evt.id == Event.MOUSE_DOWN) {
if (loaded) {
if (engine != null && engine.isAlive()) {
if (userPause) {
engine.resume();
startPlaying();
} else {
engine.suspend();
stopPlaying();
}
userPause = !userPause;
} else {
userPause = false;
setFrameNum(0);
engine = new Thread(this);
engine.start();
}
}
return true;
} else {
return super.handleEvent(evt);
}
}
}
class ParseException extends Exception {
ParseException(String s) {
super(s);
}
}
class ImageNotFoundException extends Exception {
ImageNotFoundException(ImageProducer source) {
super(source + "");
}
}
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