Read an XML Document and display the file as a Tree
/* Professional Windows GUI Programming Using C# by Jay Glynn, Csaba Torok, Richard Conway, Wahid Choudhury, Zach Greenvoss, Shripad Kulkarni, Neil Whitlow Publisher: Peer Information ISBN: 1861007663 */ using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data; using System.Threading ; using System.Text; using System.IO ; using System.Xml; // // Read an XML Document and display the file as a Tree. // // Shripad Kulkarni // Date : May 15, 2002 // namespace XMLTree { /// <summary> /// Summary description for XMLTreeForm. /// </summary> public class XMLTreeForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu mainMenu1; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem1; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem2; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem3; private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1; /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; enum VIEW { TREE_VIEW =0} ; string XMLInputFile = null; string FileSize = ""; string WorkingDir = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(); string OrigFormTitle = ""; bool bFileLoaded = false ; int CurrentView = (int)VIEW.TREE_VIEW ; Object NodeTag = null ; Thread t = null ; TreeNode RootNode = null ; Point ClickedPoint = new Point(0,0); ArrayList TreeNodeArray = new ArrayList(); ImageList tr_il = new ImageList(); ImageList tb_il = new ImageList(); Bitmap img_fileopen , img_exit , img_collapse , img_expand , img_about; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem4; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem5; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBar toolBar1; private System.Windows.Forms.TreeView treeView1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton Open; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton Exit; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton About; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton SEPARATOR1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton ExpandAll; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton CollapseAll; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton Stop; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton SEPARATOR2; private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1; private System.Windows.Forms.Splitter splitter1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton SEPARATOR3; delegate void MyDelegate(); public XMLTreeForm() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if( disposing ) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose( disposing ); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.mainMenu1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu(); this.menuItem1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem(); this.menuItem3 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem(); this.menuItem2 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem(); this.menuItem4 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem(); this.menuItem5 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem(); this.openFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog(); this.toolBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBar(); this.Open = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.SEPARATOR1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.ExpandAll = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.CollapseAll = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.Stop = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.SEPARATOR3 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.Exit = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.About = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.SEPARATOR2 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton(); this.treeView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeView(); this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox(); this.splitter1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Splitter(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // mainMenu1 // this.mainMenu1.MenuItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem[] { this.menuItem1, this.menuItem4}); // // menuItem1 // this.menuItem1.Index = 0; this.menuItem1.MenuItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem[] { this.menuItem3, this.menuItem2}); this.menuItem1.OwnerDraw = true; this.menuItem1.Text = "File"; this.menuItem1.DrawItem += new System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventHandler(this.menuItem1_DrawItem); this.menuItem1.MeasureItem += new System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventHandler(this.menuItem1_MeasureItem); // // menuItem3 // this.menuItem3.Index = 0; this.menuItem3.OwnerDraw = true; this.menuItem3.Text = "Open"; this.menuItem3.DrawItem += new System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventHandler(this.menuItem3_DrawItem); this.menuItem3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.menuItem3_Click); this.menuItem3.MeasureItem += new System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventHandler(this.menuItem3_MeasureItem); // // menuItem2 // this.menuItem2.Index = 1; this.menuItem2.OwnerDraw = true; this.menuItem2.Text = "Exit"; this.menuItem2.DrawItem += new System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventHandler(this.menuItem3_DrawItem); this.menuItem2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.menuItem2_Click); this.menuItem2.MeasureItem += new System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventHandler(this.menuItem3_MeasureItem); // // menuItem4 // this.menuItem4.Index = 1; this.menuItem4.MenuItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem[] { this.menuItem5}); this.menuItem4.OwnerDraw = true; this.menuItem4.Text = "Help"; this.menuItem4.DrawItem += new System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventHandler(this.menuItem1_DrawItem); this.menuItem4.MeasureItem += new System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventHandler(this.menuItem1_MeasureItem); // // menuItem5 // this.menuItem5.Index = 0; this.menuItem5.OwnerDraw = true; this.menuItem5.Text = "About"; this.menuItem5.DrawItem += new System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventHandler(this.menuItem3_DrawItem); this.menuItem5.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.menuItem5_Click); this.menuItem5.MeasureItem += new System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventHandler(this.menuItem3_MeasureItem); // // openFileDialog1 // this.openFileDialog1.Filter = "XML FILES| *.xml"; this.openFileDialog1.FileOk += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(this.openFileDialog1_FileOk); // // toolBar1 // this.toolBar1.Appearance = System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarAppearance.Flat; this.toolBar1.Buttons.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButton[] { this.Open, this.SEPARATOR1, this.ExpandAll, this.CollapseAll, this.Stop, this.SEPARATOR3, this.Exit, this.About, this.SEPARATOR2}); this.toolBar1.ButtonSize = new System.Drawing.Size(16, 16); this.toolBar1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand; this.toolBar1.DropDownArrows = true; this.toolBar1.Name = "toolBar1"; this.toolBar1.ShowToolTips = true; this.toolBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(840, 25); this.toolBar1.TabIndex = 0; this.toolBar1.ButtonClick += new System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButtonClickEventHandler(this.toolBar1_ButtonClick); // // Open // this.Open.ImageIndex = 0; this.Open.ToolTipText = "Open XML File"; // // SEPARATOR1 // this.SEPARATOR1.Style = System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButtonStyle.Separator; // // ExpandAll // this.ExpandAll.Enabled = false; this.ExpandAll.ImageIndex = 3; this.ExpandAll.ToolTipText = "Expand All Nodes"; // // CollapseAll // this.CollapseAll.Enabled = false; this.CollapseAll.ImageIndex = 4; this.CollapseAll.ToolTipText = "Collapse All Nodes"; // // Stop // this.Stop.Enabled = false; this.Stop.ImageIndex = 5; this.Stop.ToolTipText = "Stop"; // // SEPARATOR3 // this.SEPARATOR3.Style = System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButtonStyle.Separator; // // Exit // this.Exit.ImageIndex = 1; this.Exit.ToolTipText = "Exit Application"; // // About // this.About.ImageIndex = 2; this.About.ToolTipText = "Help About"; // // SEPARATOR2 // this.SEPARATOR2.Style = System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButtonStyle.Separator; // // treeView1 // this.treeView1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White; this.treeView1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand; this.treeView1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Left; this.treeView1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Verdana", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((System.Byte)(0))); this.treeView1.FullRowSelect = true; this.treeView1.HotTracking = true; this.treeView1.ImageIndex = -1; this.treeView1.ItemHeight = 16; this.treeView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 25); this.treeView1.Name = "treeView1"; this.treeView1.SelectedImageIndex = -1; this.treeView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 472); this.treeView1.TabIndex = 3; this.treeView1.AfterSelect += new System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventHandler(this.treeView1_AfterSelect); // // listBox1 // this.listBox1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill; this.listBox1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Verdana", 9.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((System.Byte)(0))); this.listBox1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Maroon; this.listBox1.HorizontalScrollbar = true; this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 16; this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(368, 25); this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1"; this.listBox1.ScrollAlwaysVisible = true; this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(472, 468); this.listBox1.TabIndex = 12; // // splitter1 // this.splitter1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(360, 25); this.splitter1.Name = "splitter1"; this.splitter1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(8, 472); this.splitter1.TabIndex = 11; this.splitter1.TabStop = false; // // XMLTreeForm // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(840, 497); this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.listBox1, this.splitter1, this.treeView1, this.toolBar1}); this.Menu = this.mainMenu1; this.Name = "XMLTreeForm"; this.Text = "XML Viewer"; this.Resize += new System.EventHandler(this.XMLTreeForm_Resize); this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.XMLTreeForm_Load); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion /// <summary> /// The main entry point for the application. /// </summary> [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run(new XMLTreeForm()); } private void XMLTreeForm_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // Add images to the imageList for treeView tr_il.Images.Add(new Icon(WorkingDir+ "\\ROOT.ICO")); //ROOT 0 tr_il.Images.Add(new Icon(WorkingDir+ "\\ELEMENT.ICO")); //ELEMENT 1 tr_il.Images.Add(new Icon(WorkingDir+ "\\EQUAL.ICO")); //ATTRIBUTE 2 treeView1.ImageList = tr_il; // Add images to the imageList for Toolbar tb_il.Images.Add(new Bitmap(WorkingDir+ "\\FileOpen.bmp")); //ROOT 0 tb_il.Images.Add(new Bitmap(WorkingDir+ "\\exit.bmp")); //ELEMENT 1 tb_il.Images.Add(new Bitmap(WorkingDir+ "\\about.bmp")); //ATTRIBUTE 2 tb_il.Images.Add(new Bitmap(WorkingDir+ "\\ExpandTree.bmp")); //ATTRIBUTE 3 tb_il.Images.Add(new Bitmap(WorkingDir+ "\\CollapseTree.bmp")); //ATTRIBUTE 4 tb_il.Images.Add(new Bitmap(WorkingDir+ "\\Stop.bmp")); //ATTRIBUTE 5 toolBar1.ImageList = tb_il; // Add images to the imageList for the MenuBar img_fileopen = new Bitmap("FileOpen.bmp"); img_exit = new Bitmap("exit.bmp"); img_expand = new Bitmap("ExpandTree.bmp"); img_collapse = new Bitmap("CollapseTree.bmp"); img_about = new Bitmap("about.bmp"); OrigFormTitle = this.Text ; } private void menuItem3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { openFileDialog1.ShowDialog(this); } private void openFileDialog1_FileOk(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) { // Initialize Buttons EnableDisableControls() ; // Initialize All the Arrays treeView1.Nodes.Clear() ; listBox1.Items.Clear() ; TreeNodeArray.Clear(); bFileLoaded = false ; XMLInputFile = openFileDialog1.FileName ; this.Text = OrigFormTitle + " ..." + XMLInputFile ; openFileDialog1.Dispose() ; // Get the filename and filesize FileInfo f = new FileInfo(XMLInputFile); FileSize = f.Length.ToString(); // Begin thread to read input file and load into the ListBox Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PopulateList)); t.Start(); // Begin thread to read input file and populate the Tree Thread tt = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PopulateTree)); tt.Start(); } private void PopulateList() { // Load the File LoadFileIntoListBox(); } private void PopulateTree() { // TreeView Nodes cannot be added in a thread , until the thread is marshalled // using an Invoke or beginInvoke call. // We create a delegate ( Funtion Pointer ) and invoke the thread using he delegate MyDelegate dlg_obj ; dlg_obj = new MyDelegate(ParseFile); treeView1.Invoke(dlg_obj); } private void ParseFile() { // Use the XMLReader class to read the XML File and populate the // treeview try { XmlTextReader reader = null; reader = new XmlTextReader(XMLInputFile); reader.WhitespaceHandling = WhitespaceHandling.None; string readerName = "" ; bool start_node = false ; int depth = 0; TreeNode WORKINGNODE = null ; RootNode = null ; TreeNode AttrNode = null ; TreeNode newNode = null ; bool bIsEmpty = false ; while (reader.Read()) { switch (reader.NodeType) { case XmlNodeType.Element: readerName = reader.Name; bIsEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement; if ( ! start_node ) { start_node = true ; RootNode = this.treeView1.Nodes.Add(readerName); AssociateTag(RootNode , reader.LineNumber); RootNode.SelectedImageIndex = 0 ; RootNode.ImageIndex = 0 ; continue ; } depth = reader.Depth ; if ( reader.IsStartElement() && depth == 1 ) { WORKINGNODE = RootNode.Nodes.Add(reader.Name); AssociateTag(WORKINGNODE, reader.LineNumber); } else { TreeNode parent = WORKINGNODE; WORKINGNODE = parent.Nodes.Add(reader.Name); AssociateTag(WORKINGNODE, reader.LineNumber); } WORKINGNODE.SelectedImageIndex= 1 ; WORKINGNODE.ImageIndex= 1 ; for (int i = 0; i < reader.AttributeCount; i++) { reader.MoveToAttribute(i); string rValue = reader.Value.Replace("\r\n", " "); AttrNode = WORKINGNODE.Nodes.Add(reader.Name); // AttrNode = WORKINGNODE.Nodes.Add(reader.Name +"="+rValue); AssociateTag(AttrNode, reader.LineNumber); AttrNode.SelectedImageIndex = 1 ; AttrNode.ImageIndex = 1 ; TreeNode tmp = AttrNode.Nodes.Add(rValue); tmp.SelectedImageIndex = 2 ; tmp.ImageIndex = 2 ; AssociateTag(tmp, reader.LineNumber); AttrNode.SelectedImageIndex = 2 ; AttrNode.ImageIndex = 2 ; } if ( bIsEmpty ) WORKINGNODE = WORKINGNODE.Parent ; break; case XmlNodeType.Text: { string rValue = reader.Value.Replace("\r\n" , " "); newNode = WORKINGNODE.Nodes.Add(rValue); AssociateTag(newNode, reader.LineNumber); newNode.SelectedImageIndex = 2 ; newNode.ImageIndex = 2 ; } break; case XmlNodeType.EndElement: WORKINGNODE = WORKINGNODE.Parent ; break; } } reader.Close(); RootNode.Expand(); } catch(Exception eee) { Console.WriteLine(eee.Message); } } private void treeView1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } private void treeView1_AfterSelect(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventArgs e) { if ( ! bFileLoaded ) return ; // The treenode is selected. Every node is tagged with LineNumber ( from input file ). // This allows us to jump to the line in the file. TreeNode tn; tn = (TreeNode)e.Node; Object ln = tn.Tag ; int line = Convert.ToInt32(ln.ToString()); MoveToLine(line); } private void menuItem2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { AppExit(); } private void AppExit() { Application.Exit() ; } private void LoadFileIntoListBox() { // Load the xml file into a listbox. try { StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(XMLInputFile, Encoding.ASCII); sr.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); while (sr.Peek() > -1) { Thread.Sleep(5); string str = sr.ReadLine(); listBox1.Items.Add(str); } sr.Close(); bFileLoaded = true ; listBox1.SetSelected(1 , true); } catch(Exception ee) { Console.WriteLine("Error Reading File into ListBox " + ee.Message); } } private void MoveToLine(int ln) { // Select the input line from the file in the listbox listBox1.SetSelected(ln-1 , true); } private void AssociateTag(TreeNode t , int l) { // Associate a line number Tag with every node in the tree NodeTag = new Object(); NodeTag = l ; t.Tag = NodeTag ; } private void menuItem5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // About Box is clicked ShowAboutBox(); } private void ShowAboutBox() { About abt = new About() ; abt.ShowDialog() ; } private void EnableDisableControls() { // Enable Disable Buttons switch ( CurrentView ) { case 0 : // TREE VIEW { ExpandAll.Enabled = true; CollapseAll.Enabled = true; Stop.Enabled = true ; treeView1.Visible = true; } break ; case 1 : // REPORT VIEW { ExpandAll.Enabled = false ; CollapseAll.Enabled = false ; Stop.Enabled = false ; } break ; } } private void toolBar1_ButtonClick(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.ToolBarButtonClickEventArgs e) { // Invoke the function upon clicking the toolbar button int x = int.Parse(toolBar1.Buttons.IndexOf(e.Button).ToString()); switch(toolBar1.Buttons.IndexOf(e.Button)) { case 0: openFileDialog1.ShowDialog(this); break; case 1: //separator break; case 2: TExpandAll() ; break; case 3: TCollapseAll(); break; case 4: if ( t != null && t.IsAlive ) { t.Abort() ; t = null ; EnableDisableControls(); } break; case 5: break; case 6: AppExit(); break; case 7: ShowAboutBox(); break; case 8: // separator //separator break; case 9: // Go Back break; case 10:// separator break; case 11:// Go Back CurrentView = (int)VIEW.TREE_VIEW ; EnableDisableControls(); break; } } private void TExpandAll() { t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(TE)); t.Start(); } private void TE() { // Expand all nodes in the tree treeView1.ExpandAll() ; } private void TCollapseAll() { // Collapse all nodes in the tree treeView1.CollapseAll() ; } void Clear() { TreeNodeArray.Clear(); } private void menuItem1_DrawItem(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventArgs e) { //Owner Draw Menu Items //Get the bounding rectangle Rectangle rc = new Rectangle(e.Bounds.X+1 , e.Bounds.Y+1, e.Bounds.Width-5, e.Bounds.Height-1); //Fill the rectangle e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.LightGray) , rc); //Unbox the menu item MenuItem s = (MenuItem)sender ; string s1 = s.Text ; //Set the stringformat object StringFormat sf = new StringFormat(); sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center ; e.Graphics.DrawString(s1 , new Font("Ariel" ,10), new SolidBrush(Color.Black) , rc , sf ); Console.WriteLine(e.State.ToString()); //Check if the object is selected. if ( e.State == (DrawItemState.NoAccelerator | DrawItemState.Selected) || e.State == ( DrawItemState.NoAccelerator | DrawItemState.HotLight) ) { // Draw selected menu item e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.LightYellow) , rc); e.Graphics.DrawString( s1 , new Font("Veranda" , 10 , FontStyle.Bold ) , new SolidBrush(Color.Red), rc ,sf); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.Black)), rc ); } e.DrawFocusRectangle(); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.Black), 1 ), rc ); } private void menuItem1_MeasureItem(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventArgs e) { // Set the menu item height e.ItemWidth = 75 ; } private void menuItem3_MeasureItem(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.MeasureItemEventArgs e) { // Set the sub menu item height and width e.ItemWidth = 95 ; e.ItemHeight = 25 ; } private void menuItem3_DrawItem(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.DrawItemEventArgs e) { //Owner Draw Sub Menu Items Rectangle rc = new Rectangle(e.Bounds.X, e.Bounds.Y, e.Bounds.Width, e.Bounds.Height); e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.LightGray) , rc); MenuItem s = (MenuItem)sender ; string s1 = s.Text ; StringFormat sf = new StringFormat(); sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Far ; sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center; Image useImage = null ; if ( s1 == "Open" ) { useImage = img_fileopen; } if ( s1 == "ExpandAll" ) { if ( CurrentView == (int)VIEW.TREE_VIEW ) s.Enabled = true; else s.Enabled = false ; useImage = img_expand; } if ( s1 == "Exit" ) { useImage = img_exit; } if ( s1 == "CollapseAll" ) { if ( CurrentView == (int)VIEW.TREE_VIEW ) s.Enabled = true; else s.Enabled = false ; useImage = img_collapse; } if ( s1 == "About" ) { useImage = img_about; } Rectangle rcText = rc ; rcText.Width-=5 ; e.Graphics.DrawString(s1 , new Font("Veranda" ,10), new SolidBrush(Color.Blue) , rcText, sf ); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.LightGray)), rc ); if ( e.State == ( DrawItemState.NoAccelerator | DrawItemState.Selected)) { Rectangle rc1= rc ; rc1.X = rc1.X + useImage.Width + 5 ; rc1.Width = rc.Width - 25 ; rc1.Height = rc.Height- 2 ; e.Graphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.LightYellow) , rc); e.Graphics.DrawString( s1 , new Font("Veranda" , 10 , FontStyle.Bold | FontStyle.Underline) , new SolidBrush(Color.Red), rcText,sf); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.Black),3), rc ); e.DrawFocusRectangle(); } if ( useImage != null ) { SizeF sz = useImage.PhysicalDimension; e.Graphics.DrawImage(useImage, e.Bounds.X+5 , ( e.Bounds.Bottom + e.Bounds.Top ) /2 - sz.Height/2); } } private void XMLTreeForm_Resize(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } } }