Java tutorial
/* * Copyright 2013 Phil Brown * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package self.philbrown.droidQuery; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.lang.ref.WeakReference; import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore; import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.StatusLine; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpHead; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpOptions; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpTrace; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest; import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore; import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.SingleClientConnManager; import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie; import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams; import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext; import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.json.JSONObject; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.xml.sax.InputSource; import org.xml.sax.XMLReader; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; import self.philbrown.droidQuery.AjaxOptions.Redundancy; import self.philbrown.droidQuery.AjaxTask.TaskResponse; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Handler; import android.util.Log; /** * Asynchronously performs HTTP Requests * @author Phil Brown */ public class AjaxTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, TaskResponse> { /** Options used to configure this task */ private AjaxOptions options; /** The HTTP Request to perform */ private HttpUriRequest request = null; /** Used to run functions in the thread in which this task was started. */ private Handler mHandler; /** * This value is set in {@link #onPreExecute()} then accessed in * {@link #onPostExecute(TaskResponse)}, and is used to properly handle redundancy checking. */ private Redundancy redundancyType = Redundancy.DO_NOTHING; /** Used for synchronous operations. */ private static Semaphore mutex = new Semaphore(1); /** * Used to ensure beforeSend Function is not called twice if the user changes the async status in * beforeSend() when the original options object is set to not async. */ private boolean beforeSendIsAsync = true; /** * {@code true} if the current thread is locked. This is used for synchronous requests. */ private volatile boolean isLocked = false; /** Contains the current non-global tasks */ private static volatile List<AjaxTask> localTasks = new ArrayList<AjaxTask>(); /** Contains the current global tasks */ private static volatile List<AjaxTask> globalTasks = new ArrayList<AjaxTask>(); /** Contains all AjaxOptions for current tasks. This is used to handle redundancy.*/ private static volatile Map<String, AjaxOptions> redundancyHelper = new HashMap<String, AjaxOptions>(); /** Used to keep track of the last modified dates for specific URLs */ private static volatile Map<String, Date> lastModifiedUrls = new HashMap<String, Date>(); /** * Constructor * @param options JSON representation of the Ajax Options * @throws Exception if the JSON is malformed */ public AjaxTask(JSONObject options) throws Exception { this(new AjaxOptions(options)); } /** * Can be used to restart an Ajax Task * @param request a request (to retry) * @param options options for request retry. */ public AjaxTask(HttpUriRequest request, AjaxOptions options) { this(options); this.request = request; } /** * Constructor * @param options used to configure this task */ public AjaxTask(AjaxOptions options) { this.options = options; if (options.url() == null) { throw new NullPointerException("Cannot call Ajax with null URL!"); } mHandler = new Handler(); } /** * Stops all currently running Ajax Tasks */ public static void killTasks() { for (AjaxTask task : globalTasks) { task.cancel(true); } for (AjaxTask task : localTasks) { task.cancel(true); } globalTasks.clear(); localTasks.clear(); $.ajaxStop(); } @Override protected void onPreExecute() { //handle redundacy options redundancyType = options.redundancy(); if (redundancyType != null) { switch (redundancyType) { case DO_NOTHING: break; case ABORT_REDUNDANT_REQUESTS: synchronized (redundancyHelper) { if (this.isRedundant()) { cancel(true); return; } else { String key = String.format(Locale.US, "%s::%s::%s::%s", options.dataType(), (options.type() == null ? "GET" : options.type()), options.url(), (options.data() == null ? "" : options.data().toString())); redundancyHelper.put(key, options); } } break; case RESPOND_TO_ALL_LISTENERS: synchronized (redundancyHelper) { String key = String.format(Locale.US, "%s::%s::%s::%s", options.dataType(), (options.type() == null ? "GET" : options.type()), options.url(), (options.data() == null ? "" : options.data().toString())); AjaxOptions taskOptions = redundancyHelper.get(key); if (taskOptions != null) { //add this options' callbacks to the callbacks for the request already taking place. synchronized (taskOptions) { if (options.success() != null) { final Function _success = taskOptions.success(); taskOptions.success(new Function() { @Override public void invoke($ droidQuery, Object... params) { if (_success != null) _success.invoke(droidQuery, params); options.success().invoke(droidQuery, params); } }); } if (options.error() != null) { final Function _error = taskOptions.error(); taskOptions.error(new Function() { @Override public void invoke($ droidQuery, Object... params) { if (_error != null) _error.invoke(droidQuery, params); options.error().invoke(droidQuery, params); } }); } if (options.complete() != null) { final Function _complete = taskOptions.complete(); taskOptions.complete(new Function() { @Override public void invoke($ droidQuery, Object... params) { if (_complete != null) _complete.invoke(droidQuery, params); options.complete().invoke(droidQuery, params); } }); } } } else { redundancyHelper.put(key, options); } } break; } } beforeSendIsAsync = options.async(); if (options.async()) { if (options.beforeSend() != null) { if (options.context() != null) options.beforeSend().invoke($.with(options.context()), options); else options.beforeSend().invoke(null, options); } if (options.isAborted()) { cancel(true); return; } if (options.global()) { synchronized (globalTasks) { if (globalTasks.isEmpty()) { $.ajaxStart(); } globalTasks.add(this); } $.ajaxSend(); } else { synchronized (localTasks) { localTasks.add(this); } } } } @Override protected TaskResponse doInBackground(Void... arg0) { if (this.isCancelled()) return null; //if synchronous, block on the background thread until ready. Then call beforeSend, etc, before resuming. if (!beforeSendIsAsync) { try { mutex.acquire(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { Log.w("AjaxTask", "Synchronization Error. Running Task Async"); } final Thread asyncThread = Thread.currentThread(); isLocked = true; mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (options.beforeSend() != null) { if (options.context() != null) options.beforeSend().invoke($.with(options.context()), options); else options.beforeSend().invoke(null, options); } if (options.isAborted()) { cancel(true); return; } if (options.global()) { synchronized (globalTasks) { if (globalTasks.isEmpty()) { $.ajaxStart(); } globalTasks.add(AjaxTask.this); } $.ajaxSend(); } else { synchronized (localTasks) { localTasks.add(AjaxTask.this); } } isLocked = false; LockSupport.unpark(asyncThread); } }); if (isLocked) LockSupport.park(); } //here is where to use the mutex //handle cached responses Object cachedResponse = AjaxCache.sharedCache().getCachedResponse(options); //handle ajax caching option if (cachedResponse != null && options.cache()) { Success s = new Success(cachedResponse); s.reason = "cached response"; s.headers = null; return s; } if (request == null) { String type = options.type(); if (type == null) type = "GET"; if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("DELETE")) { request = new HttpDelete(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("GET")) { request = new HttpGet(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("HEAD")) { request = new HttpHead(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("OPTIONS")) { request = new HttpOptions(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("POST")) { request = new HttpPost(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("PUT")) { request = new HttpPut(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("TRACE")) { request = new HttpTrace(options.url()); } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("CUSTOM")) { try { request = options.customRequest(); } catch (Exception e) { request = null; } if (request == null) { Log.w("droidQuery.ajax", "CUSTOM type set, but AjaxOptions.customRequest is invalid. Defaulting to GET."); request = new HttpGet(); } } else { //default to GET request = new HttpGet(); } } Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<String, Object>(); args.put("options", options); args.put("request", request); EventCenter.trigger("ajaxPrefilter", args, null); if (options.headers() != null) { if (options.headers().authorization() != null) { options.headers() .authorization(options.headers().authorization() + " " + options.getEncodedCredentials()); } else if (options.username() != null) { //guessing that authentication is basic options.headers().authorization("Basic " + options.getEncodedCredentials()); } for (Entry<String, String> entry : options.headers().map().entrySet()) { request.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } if (options.data() != null) { try { Method setEntity = request.getClass().getMethod("setEntity", new Class<?>[] { HttpEntity.class }); if (options.processData() == null) { setEntity.invoke(request, new StringEntity(options.data().toString())); } else { Class<?> dataProcessor = Class.forName(options.processData()); Constructor<?> constructor = dataProcessor.getConstructor(new Class<?>[] { Object.class }); setEntity.invoke(request, constructor.newInstance(options.data())); } } catch (Throwable t) { Log.w("Ajax", "Could not post data"); } } HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams(); if (options.timeout() != 0) { HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, options.timeout()); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, options.timeout()); } SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry(); schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80)); if (options.trustAllSSLCertificates()) { X509HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER; SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(); socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier); schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", socketFactory, 443)); Log.w("Ajax", "Warning: All SSL Certificates have been trusted!"); } else { schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443)); } SingleClientConnManager mgr = new SingleClientConnManager(params, schemeRegistry); HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(mgr, params); HttpResponse response = null; try { if (options.cookies() != null) { CookieStore cookies = new BasicCookieStore(); for (Entry<String, String> entry : options.cookies().entrySet()) { cookies.addCookie(new BasicClientCookie(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } HttpContext httpContext = new BasicHttpContext(); httpContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, cookies); response = client.execute(request, httpContext); } else { response = client.execute(request); } if (options.dataFilter() != null) { if (options.context() != null) options.dataFilter().invoke($.with(options.context()), response, options.dataType()); else options.dataFilter().invoke(null, response, options.dataType()); } final StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine(); final Function function = options.statusCode().get(statusLine.getStatusCode()); if (function != null) { mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (options.context() != null) function.invoke($.with(options.context()), statusLine.getStatusCode(), options.clone()); else function.invoke(null, statusLine.getStatusCode(), options.clone()); } }); } //handle dataType String dataType = options.dataType(); if (dataType == null) dataType = "text"; if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "dataType = " + dataType); Object parsedResponse = null; try { if (dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("text") || dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("html")) { if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "parsing text"); parsedResponse = parseText(response); } else if (dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("xml")) { if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "parsing xml"); if (options.customXMLParser() != null) { InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent(); if (options.SAXContentHandler() != null) options.customXMLParser().parse(is, options.SAXContentHandler()); else options.customXMLParser().parse(is, new DefaultHandler()); parsedResponse = "Response handled by custom SAX parser"; } else if (options.SAXContentHandler() != null) { InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent(); SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); factory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces", false); factory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/namespace-prefixes", true); SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader(); reader.setContentHandler(options.SAXContentHandler()); reader.parse(new InputSource(is)); parsedResponse = "Response handled by custom SAX content handler"; } else { parsedResponse = parseXML(response); } } else if (dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("json")) { if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "parsing json"); parsedResponse = parseJSON(response); } else if (dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("script")) { if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "parsing script"); parsedResponse = parseScript(response); } else if (dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("image")) { if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "parsing image"); parsedResponse = parseImage(response); } else if (dataType.equalsIgnoreCase("raw")) { if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "parsing raw data"); parsedResponse = parseRawContent(response); } } catch (ClientProtocolException cpe) { if (options.debug()) cpe.printStackTrace(); Error e = new Error(parsedResponse); AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); error.request = request; error.options = options; e.status = statusLine.getStatusCode(); e.reason = statusLine.getReasonPhrase(); error.status = e.status; error.reason = e.reason; error.response = e.response; e.headers = response.getAllHeaders(); e.error = error; return e; } catch (Exception ioe) { if (options.debug()) ioe.printStackTrace(); Error e = new Error(parsedResponse); AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); error.request = request; error.options = options; e.status = statusLine.getStatusCode(); e.reason = statusLine.getReasonPhrase(); error.status = e.status; error.reason = e.reason; error.response = e.response; e.headers = response.getAllHeaders(); e.error = error; return e; } if (statusLine.getStatusCode() >= 300) { //an error occurred Error e = new Error(parsedResponse); Log.e("Ajax Test", parsedResponse.toString()); //AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); //error.request = request; //error.options = options; e.status = statusLine.getStatusCode(); e.reason = statusLine.getReasonPhrase(); //error.status = e.status; //error.reason = e.reason; //error.response = e.response; e.headers = response.getAllHeaders(); //e.error = error; if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", "Error " + e.status + ": " + e.reason); return e; } else { //handle ajax ifModified option Header[] lastModifiedHeaders = response.getHeaders("last-modified"); if (lastModifiedHeaders.length >= 1) { try { Header h = lastModifiedHeaders[0]; SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss zzz", Locale.US); Date lastModified = format.parse(h.getValue()); if (options.ifModified() && lastModified != null) { Date lastModifiedDate; synchronized (lastModifiedUrls) { lastModifiedDate = lastModifiedUrls.get(options.url()); } if (lastModifiedDate != null && lastModifiedDate.compareTo(lastModified) == 0) { //request response has not been modified. //Causes an error instead of a success. Error e = new Error(parsedResponse); AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); error.request = request; error.options = options; e.status = statusLine.getStatusCode(); e.reason = statusLine.getReasonPhrase(); error.status = e.status; error.reason = e.reason; error.response = e.response; e.headers = response.getAllHeaders(); e.error = error; Function func = options.statusCode().get(304); if (func != null) { if (options.context() != null) func.invoke($.with(options.context())); else func.invoke(null); } return e; } else { synchronized (lastModifiedUrls) { lastModifiedUrls.put(options.url(), lastModified); } } } } catch (Throwable t) { Log.e("Ajax", "Could not parse Last-Modified Header", t); } } //Now handle a successful request Success s = new Success(parsedResponse); s.reason = statusLine.getReasonPhrase(); s.headers = response.getAllHeaders(); return s; } } catch (Throwable t) { if (options.debug()) t.printStackTrace(); if (t instanceof java.net.SocketTimeoutException) { Error e = new Error(null); AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); error.request = request; error.options = options; error.response = e.response; e.status = 0; String reason = t.getMessage(); if (reason == null) reason = "Socket Timeout"; e.reason = reason; error.status = e.status; error.reason = e.reason; if (response != null) e.headers = response.getAllHeaders(); else e.headers = new Header[0]; e.error = error; return e; } return null; } } @Override public void onPostExecute(TaskResponse response) { if (!options.async()) { mutex.release(); } if (response == null) { if (options.debug()) Log.w("Ajax", "null response"); if (this.isCancelled()) return; if (options.error() != null) { AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); error.request = request; error.status = 0; error.options = options; error.reason = "null response"; error.response = null; //invoke error with Request, Status, and Error if (options.context() != null) options.error().invoke($.with(options.context()), error, 0, "null response", null); else options.error().invoke(null, error, 0, "null response", null); } if (options.global()) $.ajaxError(); } else if (response instanceof Error) { if (options.error() != null) { Error e = (Error) response; AjaxError error = new AjaxError(); error.request = request; error.status = e.status; error.options = options; error.reason = e.reason; error.response = e.response; if (options.debug()) Log.i("Ajax", error.toString()); //invoke error with Request, Status, and Error if (options.context() != null) options.error().invoke($.with(options.context()), error, e.status, e.reason, e.headers); else options.error().invoke(null, error, e.status, e.reason, e.headers); } if (options.global()) $.ajaxError(); } else if (response instanceof Success) { Success s = (Success) response; if (options.cache()) AjaxCache.sharedCache().cacheResponse(s.response, options); if (options.success() != null) { //invoke success with parsed response and the status string if (options.context() != null) options.success().invoke($.with(options.context()), s.response, s.reason, s.headers); else options.success().invoke(null, s.response, s.reason, s.headers); } if (options.global()) $.ajaxSuccess(); } if (options.complete() != null) { if (response != null) { if (options.context() != null) options.complete().invoke($.with(options.context()), options, response.reason, response.headers); else options.complete().invoke(null, options, response.reason, response.headers); } else { if (options.context() != null) options.complete().invoke($.with(options.context()), options, "null response", null); else options.complete().invoke(null, options, "null response", null); } } if (options.global()) $.ajaxComplete(); if (options.global()) { synchronized (globalTasks) { globalTasks.remove(this); if (globalTasks.isEmpty()) { $.ajaxStop(); } } } else { synchronized (localTasks) { localTasks.remove(this); } } //remove request from redundancy helper if (redundancyType != null) { switch (redundancyType) { case DO_NOTHING: break; case ABORT_REDUNDANT_REQUESTS: case RESPOND_TO_ALL_LISTENERS: synchronized (redundancyHelper) { String key = String.format(Locale.US, "%s::%s::%s::%s", options.dataType(), (options.type() == null ? "GET" : options.type()), options.url(), (options.data() == null ? "" : options.data().toString())); redundancyHelper.remove(key); } break; } } } /** * Parses the HTTP response as JSON representation * @param response the response to parse * @return a JSONObject response */ private Object parseJSON(HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { JSONResponseHandler handler = new JSONResponseHandler(); return handler.handleResponse(response); } /** * Parses the HTTP response as XML representation * @param response the response to parse * @return an XML Document response */ private Document parseXML(HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { XMLResponseHandler handler = new XMLResponseHandler(); return handler.handleResponse(response); } /** * Parses the HTTP response as Text * @param response the response to parse * @return a String response */ private String parseText(HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { BasicResponseHandler handler = new BasicResponseHandler(); return handler.handleResponse(response); } /** * Parses the HTTP response as a Script, then runs it. * @param response the response to parse * @return a ScriptResponse Object containing the output String, if any, as well as the original * Script */ private ScriptResponse parseScript(HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { if (options.context() != null) { ScriptResponseHandler handler = new ScriptResponseHandler(options.context()); return handler.handleResponse(response); } else { throw new NullPointerException("No context provided."); } } /** * Parses the HTTP response as a Bitmap * @param response the response to parse * @return a Bitmap response */ private Bitmap parseImage(HttpResponse response) throws IllegalStateException, IOException { InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent(); BitmapFactory.Options opt = new BitmapFactory.Options(); opt.inSampleSize = 1; opt.inPurgeable = true; opt.inInputShareable = false; if (options.imageWidth() >= 0) opt.outWidth = options.imageWidth(); if (options.imageHeight() >= 0) opt.outHeight = options.imageHeight(); WeakReference<Bitmap> bitmap = new WeakReference<Bitmap>( BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0), opt)); if (bitmap == null || bitmap.get() == null) { return null; } if (bitmap.get().isRecycled()) { return null; } is.close(); return bitmap.get(); } /** * Parses the HTTP response as a raw byte[] * @param response the response to parse * @return a byte[] response */ private byte[] parseRawContent(HttpResponse response) throws IOException { return EntityUtils.toByteArray(response.getEntity()); } /** * Checks to see if a request is redundant. This is only used for Redundancy Types * {@link AjaxOptions.Redundancy#ABORT_REDUNDANT_REQUESTS} and {@link AjaxOptions.Redundancy#RESPOND_TO_ALL_LISTENERS}. * @return {@code true} if the same request is already taking place. Otherwise {@code false}. */ private boolean isRedundant() { String key = String.format(Locale.US, "%s::%s::%s::%s", options.dataType(), (options.type() == null ? "GET" : options.type()), options.url(), (options.data() == null ? "" : options.data().toString())); return redundancyHelper.containsKey(key); } /** * Defines a response to a Task * @see Error * @see Success */ class TaskResponse { /** The parsed response */ public final Object response; /** The reason text */ public String reason; /** The status ID */ public int status; /** The response Headers. If a cached response is returned, {@code headers} will be {@code null}. */ public Header[] headers; public TaskResponse(Object response) { this.response = response; } } /** * Response for tasks that run into an error or exception */ class Error extends TaskResponse { /** The response Object */ public AjaxError error; public Error(Object response) { super(response); } } /** * Response for tasks that complete successfully */ class Success extends TaskResponse { public Success(Object response) { super(response); } } /** * This is the first object that is returned when an Error occurs for an Ajax Request * @see AjaxTask#AjaxTask(HttpUriRequest, AjaxOptions) */ public static class AjaxError { /** The original request */ public HttpUriRequest request; /** The original options */ public AjaxOptions options; /** The error status code */ public int status; /** The error string */ public String reason; /** The response body */ public Object response; /** * Prints the error in the format <pre>Error ({@literal <status>}): {@literal <reason>}</pre> */ @Override public String toString() { return String.format(Locale.US, "Error (%d): %s", status, reason); } } }