org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.java Source code

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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.mapred;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.filecache.DistributedCache;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;

import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.IdentityMapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.IdentityReducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.HashPartitioner;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.KeyFieldBasedComparator;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.KeyFieldBasedPartitioner;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.Credentials;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;

/** 
 * A map/reduce job configuration.
 * 
 * <p><code>JobConf</code> is the primary interface for a user to describe a 
 * map-reduce job to the Hadoop framework for execution. The framework tries to
 * faithfully execute the job as-is described by <code>JobConf</code>, however:
 * <ol>
 *   <li>
 *   Some configuration parameters might have been marked as 
 *   <a href="{@docRoot}/org/apache/hadoop/conf/Configuration.html#FinalParams">
 *   final</a> by administrators and hence cannot be altered.
 *   </li>
 *   <li>
 *   While some job parameters are straight-forward to set 
 *   (e.g. {@link #setNumReduceTasks(int)}), some parameters interact subtly 
 *   rest of the framework and/or job-configuration and is relatively more 
 *   complex for the user to control finely (e.g. {@link #setNumMapTasks(int)}).
 *   </li>
 * </ol></p>
 * 
 * <p><code>JobConf</code> typically specifies the {@link Mapper}, combiner 
 * (if any), {@link Partitioner}, {@link Reducer}, {@link InputFormat} and 
 * {@link OutputFormat} implementations to be used etc.
 *
 * <p>Optionally <code>JobConf</code> is used to specify other advanced facets 
 * of the job such as <code>Comparator</code>s to be used, files to be put in  
 * the {@link DistributedCache}, whether or not intermediate and/or job outputs 
 * are to be compressed (and how), debugability via user-provided scripts 
 * ( {@link #setMapDebugScript(String)}/{@link #setReduceDebugScript(String)}),
 * for doing post-processing on task logs, task's stdout, stderr, syslog. 
 * and etc.</p>
 * 
 * <p>Here is an example on how to configure a job via <code>JobConf</code>:</p>
 * <p><blockquote><pre>
 *     // Create a new JobConf
 *     JobConf job = new JobConf(new Configuration(), MyJob.class);
 *     
 *     // Specify various job-specific parameters     
 *     job.setJobName("myjob");
 *     
 *     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("in"));
 *     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("out"));
 *     
 *     job.setMapperClass(MyJob.MyMapper.class);
 *     job.setCombinerClass(MyJob.MyReducer.class);
 *     job.setReducerClass(MyJob.MyReducer.class);
 *     
 *     job.setInputFormat(SequenceFileInputFormat.class);
 *     job.setOutputFormat(SequenceFileOutputFormat.class);
 * </pre></blockquote></p>
 * 
 * @see JobClient
 * @see ClusterStatus
 * @see Tool
 * @see DistributedCache
 */
public class JobConf extends Configuration {

    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(JobConf.class);

    static {
        Configuration.addDefaultResource("mapred-default.xml");
        Configuration.addDefaultResource("mapred-site.xml");
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link #MAPRED_JOB_MAP_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY} and
     * {@link #MAPRED_JOB_REDUCE_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY = "mapred.task.maxvmem";

    /**
     * @deprecated 
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String UPPER_LIMIT_ON_TASK_VMEM_PROPERTY = "mapred.task.limit.maxvmem";

    /**
     * @deprecated
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String MAPRED_TASK_DEFAULT_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY = "mapred.task.default.maxvmem";

    /**
     * @deprecated
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String MAPRED_TASK_MAXPMEM_PROPERTY = "mapred.task.maxpmem";

    /**
     * A value which if set for memory related configuration options,
     * indicates that the options are turned off.
     */
    public static final long DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT = -1L;

    /**
     * Property name for the configuration property mapred.local.dir
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_LOCAL_DIR_PROPERTY = "mapred.local.dir";

    /**
     * Name of the queue to which jobs will be submitted, if no queue
     * name is mentioned.
     */
    public static final String DEFAULT_QUEUE_NAME = "default";

    static final String MAPRED_JOB_MAP_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY = "mapred.job.map.memory.mb";

    static final String MAPRED_JOB_REDUCE_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY = "mapred.job.reduce.memory.mb";

    static final String MR_ACLS_ENABLED = "mapred.acls.enabled";

    static final String MR_ADMINS = "mapreduce.cluster.administrators";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the java command line options for the child
     * map and reduce tasks.
     * 
     * Java opts for the task tracker child processes.
     * The following symbol, if present, will be interpolated: @taskid@. 
     * It is replaced by current TaskID. Any other occurrences of '@' will go 
     * unchanged.
     * For example, to enable verbose gc logging to a file named for the taskid in
     * /tmp and to set the heap maximum to be a gigabyte, pass a 'value' of:
     *          -Xmx1024m -verbose:gc -Xloggc:/tmp/@taskid@.gc
     * 
     * The configuration variable {@link #MAPRED_TASK_ULIMIT} can be used to 
     * control the maximum virtual memory of the child processes.
     * 
     * The configuration variable {@link #MAPRED_TASK_ENV} can be used to pass 
     * other environment variables to the child processes.
     * 
     * @deprecated Use {@link #MAPRED_MAP_TASK_JAVA_OPTS} or 
     *                 {@link #MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_JAVA_OPTS}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String MAPRED_TASK_JAVA_OPTS = "mapred.child.java.opts";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the java command line options for the map tasks.
     * 
     * Java opts for the task tracker child map processes.
     * The following symbol, if present, will be interpolated: @taskid@. 
     * It is replaced by current TaskID. Any other occurrences of '@' will go 
     * unchanged.
     * For example, to enable verbose gc logging to a file named for the taskid in
     * /tmp and to set the heap maximum to be a gigabyte, pass a 'value' of:
     *          -Xmx1024m -verbose:gc -Xloggc:/tmp/@taskid@.gc
     * 
     * The configuration variable {@link #MAPRED_MAP_TASK_ULIMIT} can be used to 
     * control the maximum virtual memory of the map processes.
     * 
     * The configuration variable {@link #MAPRED_MAP_TASK_ENV} can be used to pass 
     * other environment variables to the map processes.
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_MAP_TASK_JAVA_OPTS = "mapred.map.child.java.opts";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the java command line options for the reduce tasks.
     * 
     * Java opts for the task tracker child reduce processes.
     * The following symbol, if present, will be interpolated: @taskid@. 
     * It is replaced by current TaskID. Any other occurrences of '@' will go 
     * unchanged.
     * For example, to enable verbose gc logging to a file named for the taskid in
     * /tmp and to set the heap maximum to be a gigabyte, pass a 'value' of:
     *          -Xmx1024m -verbose:gc -Xloggc:/tmp/@taskid@.gc
     * 
     * The configuration variable {@link #MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_ULIMIT} can be used  
     * to control the maximum virtual memory of the reduce processes.
     * 
     * The configuration variable {@link #MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_ENV} can be used to 
     * pass process environment variables to the reduce processes.
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_JAVA_OPTS = "mapred.reduce.child.java.opts";

    public static final String DEFAULT_MAPRED_TASK_JAVA_OPTS = "-Xmx200m";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the maximum virutal memory available to the child
     * map and reduce tasks (in kilo-bytes).
     * 
     * Note: This must be greater than or equal to the -Xmx passed to the JavaVM
     *       via {@link #MAPRED_TASK_JAVA_OPTS}, else the VM might not start.
     * 
     * @deprecated Use {@link #MAPRED_MAP_TASK_ULIMIT} or 
     *                 {@link #MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_ULIMIT}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String MAPRED_TASK_ULIMIT = "mapred.child.ulimit";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the maximum virutal memory available to the
     * map tasks (in kilo-bytes).
     * 
     * Note: This must be greater than or equal to the -Xmx passed to the JavaVM
     *       via {@link #MAPRED_MAP_TASK_JAVA_OPTS}, else the VM might not start.
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_MAP_TASK_ULIMIT = "mapred.map.child.ulimit";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the maximum virutal memory available to the
     * reduce tasks (in kilo-bytes).
     * 
     * Note: This must be greater than or equal to the -Xmx passed to the JavaVM
     *       via {@link #MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_JAVA_OPTS}, else the VM might not start.
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_ULIMIT = "mapred.reduce.child.ulimit";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the environment of the child map/reduce tasks.
     * 
     * The format of the value is <code>k1=v1,k2=v2</code>. Further it can 
     * reference existing environment variables via <code>$key</code>.
     * 
     * Example:
     * <ul>
     *   <li> A=foo - This will set the env variable A to foo. </li>
     *   <li> B=$X:c This is inherit tasktracker's X env variable. </li>
     * </ul>
     * 
     * @deprecated Use {@link #MAPRED_MAP_TASK_ENV} or 
     *                 {@link #MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_ENV}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String MAPRED_TASK_ENV = "mapred.child.env";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the maximum virutal memory available to the
     * map tasks.
     * 
     * The format of the value is <code>k1=v1,k2=v2</code>. Further it can 
     * reference existing environment variables via <code>$key</code>.
     * 
     * Example:
     * <ul>
     *   <li> A=foo - This will set the env variable A to foo. </li>
     *   <li> B=$X:c This is inherit tasktracker's X env variable. </li>
     * </ul>
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_MAP_TASK_ENV = "mapred.map.child.env";

    /**
     * Configuration key to set the maximum virutal memory available to the
     * reduce tasks.
     * 
     * The format of the value is <code>k1=v1,k2=v2</code>. Further it can 
     * reference existing environment variables via <code>$key</code>.
     * 
     * Example:
     * <ul>
     *   <li> A=foo - This will set the env variable A to foo. </li>
     *   <li> B=$X:c This is inherit tasktracker's X env variable. </li>
     * </ul>
     */
    public static final String MAPRED_REDUCE_TASK_ENV = "mapred.reduce.child.env";

    private Credentials credentials = new Credentials();

    /**
     * Construct a map/reduce job configuration.
     */
    public JobConf() {
        checkAndWarnDeprecation();
    }

    /** 
     * Construct a map/reduce job configuration.
     * 
     * @param exampleClass a class whose containing jar is used as the job's jar.
     */
    public JobConf(Class exampleClass) {
        setJarByClass(exampleClass);
        checkAndWarnDeprecation();
    }

    /**
     * Construct a map/reduce job configuration.
     * 
     * @param conf a Configuration whose settings will be inherited.
     */
    public JobConf(Configuration conf) {
        super(conf);

        if (conf instanceof JobConf) {
            JobConf that = (JobConf) conf;
            credentials = that.credentials;
        }

        checkAndWarnDeprecation();
    }

    /** Construct a map/reduce job configuration.
     * 
     * @param conf a Configuration whose settings will be inherited.
     * @param exampleClass a class whose containing jar is used as the job's jar.
     */
    public JobConf(Configuration conf, Class exampleClass) {
        this(conf);
        setJarByClass(exampleClass);
    }

    /** Construct a map/reduce configuration.
     *
     * @param config a Configuration-format XML job description file.
     */
    public JobConf(String config) {
        this(new Path(config));
    }

    /** Construct a map/reduce configuration.
     *
     * @param config a Configuration-format XML job description file.
     */
    public JobConf(Path config) {
        super();
        addResource(config);
        checkAndWarnDeprecation();
    }

    /** A new map/reduce configuration where the behavior of reading from the
     * default resources can be turned off.
     * <p/>
     * If the parameter {@code loadDefaults} is false, the new instance
     * will not load resources from the default files.
     *
     * @param loadDefaults specifies whether to load from the default files
     */
    public JobConf(boolean loadDefaults) {
        super(loadDefaults);
        checkAndWarnDeprecation();
    }

    /**
     * Get credentials for the job.
     * @return credentials for the job
     */
    public Credentials getCredentials() {
        return credentials;
    }

    void setCredentials(Credentials credentials) {
        this.credentials = credentials;
    }

    /**
     * Get the user jar for the map-reduce job.
     * 
     * @return the user jar for the map-reduce job.
     */
    public String getJar() {
        return get("mapred.jar");
    }

    /**
     * Set the user jar for the map-reduce job.
     * 
     * @param jar the user jar for the map-reduce job.
     */
    public void setJar(String jar) {
        set("mapred.jar", jar);
    }

    /**
     * Set the job's jar file by finding an example class location.
     * 
     * @param cls the example class.
     */
    public void setJarByClass(Class cls) {
        String jar = findContainingJar(cls);
        if (jar != null) {
            setJar(jar);
        }
    }

    public String[] getLocalDirs() throws IOException {
        return getStrings(MAPRED_LOCAL_DIR_PROPERTY);
    }

    public void deleteLocalFiles() throws IOException {
        String[] localDirs = getLocalDirs();
        for (int i = 0; i < localDirs.length; i++) {
            FileSystem.getLocal(this).delete(new Path(localDirs[i]));
        }
    }

    public void deleteLocalFiles(String subdir) throws IOException {
        String[] localDirs = getLocalDirs();
        for (int i = 0; i < localDirs.length; i++) {
            FileSystem.getLocal(this).delete(new Path(localDirs[i], subdir));
        }
    }

    /** 
     * Constructs a local file name. Files are distributed among configured
     * local directories.
     */
    public Path getLocalPath(String pathString) throws IOException {
        return getLocalPath(MAPRED_LOCAL_DIR_PROPERTY, pathString);
    }

    /**
     * Get the reported username for this job.
     * 
     * @return the username
     */
    public String getUser() {
        return get("user.name");
    }

    /**
     * Set the reported username for this job.
     * 
     * @param user the username for this job.
     */
    public void setUser(String user) {
        set("user.name", user);
    }

    /**
     * Set whether the framework should keep the intermediate files for 
     * failed tasks.
     * 
     * @param keep <code>true</code> if framework should keep the intermediate files 
     *             for failed tasks, <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * 
     */
    public void setKeepFailedTaskFiles(boolean keep) {
        setBoolean("keep.failed.task.files", keep);
    }

    /**
     * Should the temporary files for failed tasks be kept?
     * 
     * @return should the files be kept?
     */
    public boolean getKeepFailedTaskFiles() {
        return getBoolean("keep.failed.task.files", false);
    }

    /**
     * Set a regular expression for task names that should be kept. 
     * The regular expression ".*_m_000123_0" would keep the files
     * for the first instance of map 123 that ran.
     * 
     * @param pattern the java.util.regex.Pattern to match against the 
     *        task names.
     */
    public void setKeepTaskFilesPattern(String pattern) {
        set("keep.task.files.pattern", pattern);
    }

    /**
     * Get the regular expression that is matched against the task names
     * to see if we need to keep the files.
     * 
     * @return the pattern as a string, if it was set, othewise null.
     */
    public String getKeepTaskFilesPattern() {
        return get("keep.task.files.pattern");
    }

    /**
     * Set the current working directory for the default file system.
     * 
     * @param dir the new current working directory.
     */
    public void setWorkingDirectory(Path dir) {
        dir = new Path(getWorkingDirectory(), dir);
        set("mapred.working.dir", dir.toString());
    }

    /**
     * Get the current working directory for the default file system.
     * 
     * @return the directory name.
     */
    public Path getWorkingDirectory() {
        String name = get("mapred.working.dir");
        if (name != null) {
            return new Path(name);
        } else {
            try {
                Path dir = FileSystem.get(this).getWorkingDirectory();
                set("mapred.working.dir", dir.toString());
                return dir;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the number of tasks that a spawned task JVM should run
     * before it exits
     * @param numTasks the number of tasks to execute; defaults to 1;
     * -1 signifies no limit
     */
    public void setNumTasksToExecutePerJvm(int numTasks) {
        setInt("mapred.job.reuse.jvm.num.tasks", numTasks);
    }

    /**
     * Get the number of tasks that a spawned JVM should execute
     */
    public int getNumTasksToExecutePerJvm() {
        return getInt("mapred.job.reuse.jvm.num.tasks", 1);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link InputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce job,
     * defaults to {@link TextInputFormat} if not specified explicity.
     * 
     * @return the {@link InputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce job.
     */
    public InputFormat getInputFormat() {
        return ReflectionUtils
                .newInstance(getClass("mapred.input.format.class", TextInputFormat.class, InputFormat.class), this);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link InputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce job.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link InputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce 
     *                 job.
     */
    public void setInputFormat(Class<? extends InputFormat> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.input.format.class", theClass, InputFormat.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link OutputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce job,
     * defaults to {@link TextOutputFormat} if not specified explicity.
     * 
     * @return the {@link OutputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce job.
     */
    public OutputFormat getOutputFormat() {
        return ReflectionUtils.newInstance(
                getClass("mapred.output.format.class", TextOutputFormat.class, OutputFormat.class), this);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link OutputCommitter} implementation for the map-reduce job,
     * defaults to {@link FileOutputCommitter} if not specified explicitly.
     * 
     * @return the {@link OutputCommitter} implementation for the map-reduce job.
     */
    public OutputCommitter getOutputCommitter() {
        return (OutputCommitter) ReflectionUtils.newInstance(
                getClass("mapred.output.committer.class", FileOutputCommitter.class, OutputCommitter.class), this);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link OutputCommitter} implementation for the map-reduce job.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link OutputCommitter} implementation for the map-reduce 
     *                 job.
     */
    public void setOutputCommitter(Class<? extends OutputCommitter> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.output.committer.class", theClass, OutputCommitter.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link OutputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce job.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link OutputFormat} implementation for the map-reduce 
     *                 job.
     */
    public void setOutputFormat(Class<? extends OutputFormat> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.output.format.class", theClass, OutputFormat.class);
    }

    /**
     * Should the map outputs be compressed before transfer?
     * Uses the SequenceFile compression.
     * 
     * @param compress should the map outputs be compressed?
     */
    public void setCompressMapOutput(boolean compress) {
        setBoolean("mapred.compress.map.output", compress);
    }

    /**
     * Are the outputs of the maps be compressed?
     * 
     * @return <code>true</code> if the outputs of the maps are to be compressed,
     *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean getCompressMapOutput() {
        return getBoolean("mapred.compress.map.output", false);
    }

    /**
     * Set the given class as the  {@link CompressionCodec} for the map outputs.
     * 
     * @param codecClass the {@link CompressionCodec} class that will compress  
     *                   the map outputs.
     */
    public void setMapOutputCompressorClass(Class<? extends CompressionCodec> codecClass) {
        setCompressMapOutput(true);
        setClass("mapred.map.output.compression.codec", codecClass, CompressionCodec.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link CompressionCodec} for compressing the map outputs.
     * 
     * @param defaultValue the {@link CompressionCodec} to return if not set
     * @return the {@link CompressionCodec} class that should be used to compress the 
     *         map outputs.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the class was specified, but not found
     */
    public Class<? extends CompressionCodec> getMapOutputCompressorClass(
            Class<? extends CompressionCodec> defaultValue) {
        Class<? extends CompressionCodec> codecClass = defaultValue;
        String name = get("mapred.map.output.compression.codec");
        if (name != null) {
            try {
                codecClass = getClassByName(name).asSubclass(CompressionCodec.class);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Compression codec " + name + " was not found.", e);
            }
        }
        return codecClass;
    }

    /**
     * Get the key class for the map output data. If it is not set, use the
     * (final) output key class. This allows the map output key class to be
     * different than the final output key class.
     *  
     * @return the map output key class.
     */
    public Class<?> getMapOutputKeyClass() {
        Class<?> retv = getClass("mapred.mapoutput.key.class", null, Object.class);
        if (retv == null) {
            retv = getOutputKeyClass();
        }
        return retv;
    }

    /**
     * Set the key class for the map output data. This allows the user to
     * specify the map output key class to be different than the final output
     * value class.
     * 
     * @param theClass the map output key class.
     */
    public void setMapOutputKeyClass(Class<?> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.mapoutput.key.class", theClass, Object.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value class for the map output data. If it is not set, use the
     * (final) output value class This allows the map output value class to be
     * different than the final output value class.
     *  
     * @return the map output value class.
     */
    public Class<?> getMapOutputValueClass() {
        Class<?> retv = getClass("mapred.mapoutput.value.class", null, Object.class);
        if (retv == null) {
            retv = getOutputValueClass();
        }
        return retv;
    }

    /**
     * Set the value class for the map output data. This allows the user to
     * specify the map output value class to be different than the final output
     * value class.
     * 
     * @param theClass the map output value class.
     */
    public void setMapOutputValueClass(Class<?> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.mapoutput.value.class", theClass, Object.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the key class for the job output data.
     * 
     * @return the key class for the job output data.
     */
    public Class<?> getOutputKeyClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.output.key.class", LongWritable.class, Object.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the key class for the job output data.
     * 
     * @param theClass the key class for the job output data.
     */
    public void setOutputKeyClass(Class<?> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.output.key.class", theClass, Object.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
     * 
     * @return the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
     */
    public RawComparator getOutputKeyComparator() {
        Class<? extends RawComparator> theClass = getClass("mapred.output.key.comparator.class", null,
                RawComparator.class);
        if (theClass != null)
            return ReflectionUtils.newInstance(theClass, this);
        return WritableComparator.get(getMapOutputKeyClass().asSubclass(WritableComparable.class));
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to 
     *                 compare keys.
     * @see #setOutputValueGroupingComparator(Class)                 
     */
    public void setOutputKeyComparatorClass(Class<? extends RawComparator> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.output.key.comparator.class", theClass, RawComparator.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link KeyFieldBasedComparator} options used to compare keys.
     * 
     * @param keySpec the key specification of the form -k pos1[,pos2], where,
     *  pos is of the form f[.c][opts], where f is the number
     *  of the key field to use, and c is the number of the first character from
     *  the beginning of the field. Fields and character posns are numbered 
     *  starting with 1; a character position of zero in pos2 indicates the
     *  field's last character. If '.c' is omitted from pos1, it defaults to 1
     *  (the beginning of the field); if omitted from pos2, it defaults to 0 
     *  (the end of the field). opts are ordering options. The supported options
     *  are:
     *    -n, (Sort numerically)
     *    -r, (Reverse the result of comparison)                 
     */
    public void setKeyFieldComparatorOptions(String keySpec) {
        setOutputKeyComparatorClass(KeyFieldBasedComparator.class);
        set("mapred.text.key.comparator.options", keySpec);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link KeyFieldBasedComparator} options
     */
    public String getKeyFieldComparatorOption() {
        return get("mapred.text.key.comparator.options");
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link KeyFieldBasedPartitioner} options used for 
     * {@link Partitioner}
     * 
     * @param keySpec the key specification of the form -k pos1[,pos2], where,
     *  pos is of the form f[.c][opts], where f is the number
     *  of the key field to use, and c is the number of the first character from
     *  the beginning of the field. Fields and character posns are numbered 
     *  starting with 1; a character position of zero in pos2 indicates the
     *  field's last character. If '.c' is omitted from pos1, it defaults to 1
     *  (the beginning of the field); if omitted from pos2, it defaults to 0 
     *  (the end of the field).
     */
    public void setKeyFieldPartitionerOptions(String keySpec) {
        setPartitionerClass(KeyFieldBasedPartitioner.class);
        set("mapred.text.key.partitioner.options", keySpec);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link KeyFieldBasedPartitioner} options
     */
    public String getKeyFieldPartitionerOption() {
        return get("mapred.text.key.partitioner.options");
    }

    /** 
     * Get the user defined {@link WritableComparable} comparator for 
     * grouping keys of inputs to the reduce.
     * 
     * @return comparator set by the user for grouping values.
     * @see #setOutputValueGroupingComparator(Class) for details.  
     */
    public RawComparator getOutputValueGroupingComparator() {
        Class<? extends RawComparator> theClass = getClass("mapred.output.value.groupfn.class", null,
                RawComparator.class);
        if (theClass == null) {
            return getOutputKeyComparator();
        }

        return ReflectionUtils.newInstance(theClass, this);
    }

    /** 
     * Set the user defined {@link RawComparator} comparator for 
     * grouping keys in the input to the reduce.
     * 
     * <p>This comparator should be provided if the equivalence rules for keys
     * for sorting the intermediates are different from those for grouping keys
     * before each call to 
     * {@link Reducer#reduce(Object, java.util.Iterator, OutputCollector, Reporter)}.</p>
     *  
     * <p>For key-value pairs (K1,V1) and (K2,V2), the values (V1, V2) are passed
     * in a single call to the reduce function if K1 and K2 compare as equal.</p>
     * 
     * <p>Since {@link #setOutputKeyComparatorClass(Class)} can be used to control 
     * how keys are sorted, this can be used in conjunction to simulate 
     * <i>secondary sort on values</i>.</p>
     *  
     * <p><i>Note</i>: This is not a guarantee of the reduce sort being 
     * <i>stable</i> in any sense. (In any case, with the order of available 
     * map-outputs to the reduce being non-deterministic, it wouldn't make 
     * that much sense.)</p>
     * 
     * @param theClass the comparator class to be used for grouping keys. 
     *                 It should implement <code>RawComparator</code>.
     * @see #setOutputKeyComparatorClass(Class)                 
     */
    public void setOutputValueGroupingComparator(Class<? extends RawComparator> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.output.value.groupfn.class", theClass, RawComparator.class);
    }

    /**
     * Should the framework use the new context-object code for running
     * the mapper?
     * @return true, if the new api should be used
     */
    public boolean getUseNewMapper() {
        return getBoolean("mapred.mapper.new-api", false);
    }

    /**
     * Set whether the framework should use the new api for the mapper.
     * This is the default for jobs submitted with the new Job api.
     * @param flag true, if the new api should be used
     */
    public void setUseNewMapper(boolean flag) {
        setBoolean("mapred.mapper.new-api", flag);
    }

    /**
     * Should the framework use the new context-object code for running
     * the reducer?
     * @return true, if the new api should be used
     */
    public boolean getUseNewReducer() {
        return getBoolean("mapred.reducer.new-api", false);
    }

    /**
     * Set whether the framework should use the new api for the reducer. 
     * This is the default for jobs submitted with the new Job api.
     * @param flag true, if the new api should be used
     */
    public void setUseNewReducer(boolean flag) {
        setBoolean("mapred.reducer.new-api", flag);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value class for job outputs.
     * 
     * @return the value class for job outputs.
     */
    public Class<?> getOutputValueClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.output.value.class", Text.class, Object.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value class for job outputs.
     * 
     * @param theClass the value class for job outputs.
     */
    public void setOutputValueClass(Class<?> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.output.value.class", theClass, Object.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link Mapper} class for the job.
     * 
     * @return the {@link Mapper} class for the job.
     */
    public Class<? extends Mapper> getMapperClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.mapper.class", IdentityMapper.class, Mapper.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link Mapper} class for the job.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link Mapper} class for the job.
     */
    public void setMapperClass(Class<? extends Mapper> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.mapper.class", theClass, Mapper.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link MapRunnable} class for the job.
     * 
     * @return the {@link MapRunnable} class for the job.
     */
    public Class<? extends MapRunnable> getMapRunnerClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.map.runner.class", MapRunner.class, MapRunnable.class);
    }

    /**
     * Expert: Set the {@link MapRunnable} class for the job.
     * 
     * Typically used to exert greater control on {@link Mapper}s.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link MapRunnable} class for the job.
     */
    public void setMapRunnerClass(Class<? extends MapRunnable> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.map.runner.class", theClass, MapRunnable.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link Partitioner} used to partition {@link Mapper}-outputs 
     * to be sent to the {@link Reducer}s.
     * 
     * @return the {@link Partitioner} used to partition map-outputs.
     */
    public Class<? extends Partitioner> getPartitionerClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.partitioner.class", HashPartitioner.class, Partitioner.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link Partitioner} class used to partition 
     * {@link Mapper}-outputs to be sent to the {@link Reducer}s.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link Partitioner} used to partition map-outputs.
     */
    public void setPartitionerClass(Class<? extends Partitioner> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.partitioner.class", theClass, Partitioner.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link Reducer} class for the job.
     * 
     * @return the {@link Reducer} class for the job.
     */
    public Class<? extends Reducer> getReducerClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.reducer.class", IdentityReducer.class, Reducer.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link Reducer} class for the job.
     * 
     * @param theClass the {@link Reducer} class for the job.
     */
    public void setReducerClass(Class<? extends Reducer> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.reducer.class", theClass, Reducer.class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the user-defined <i>combiner</i> class used to combine map-outputs 
     * before being sent to the reducers. Typically the combiner is same as the
     * the {@link Reducer} for the job i.e. {@link #getReducerClass()}.
     * 
     * @return the user-defined combiner class used to combine map-outputs.
     */
    public Class<? extends Reducer> getCombinerClass() {
        return getClass("mapred.combiner.class", null, Reducer.class);
    }

    /**
     * Set the user-defined <i>combiner</i> class used to combine map-outputs 
     * before being sent to the reducers. 
     * 
     * <p>The combiner is an application-specified aggregation operation, which
     * can help cut down the amount of data transferred between the 
     * {@link Mapper} and the {@link Reducer}, leading to better performance.</p>
     * 
     * <p>The framework may invoke the combiner 0, 1, or multiple times, in both
     * the mapper and reducer tasks. In general, the combiner is called as the
     * sort/merge result is written to disk. The combiner must:
     * <ul>
     *   <li> be side-effect free</li>
     *   <li> have the same input and output key types and the same input and 
     *        output value types</li>
     * </ul></p>
     * 
     * <p>Typically the combiner is same as the <code>Reducer</code> for the  
     * job i.e. {@link #setReducerClass(Class)}.</p>
     * 
     * @param theClass the user-defined combiner class used to combine 
     *                 map-outputs.
     */
    public void setCombinerClass(Class<? extends Reducer> theClass) {
        setClass("mapred.combiner.class", theClass, Reducer.class);
    }

    /**
     * Should speculative execution be used for this job? 
     * Defaults to <code>true</code>.
     * 
     * @return <code>true</code> if speculative execution be used for this job,
     *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean getSpeculativeExecution() {
        return (getMapSpeculativeExecution() || getReduceSpeculativeExecution());
    }

    /**
     * Turn speculative execution on or off for this job. 
     * 
     * @param speculativeExecution <code>true</code> if speculative execution 
     *                             should be turned on, else <code>false</code>.
     */
    public void setSpeculativeExecution(boolean speculativeExecution) {
        setMapSpeculativeExecution(speculativeExecution);
        setReduceSpeculativeExecution(speculativeExecution);
    }

    /**
     * Should speculative execution be used for this job for map tasks? 
     * Defaults to <code>true</code>.
     * 
     * @return <code>true</code> if speculative execution be 
     *                           used for this job for map tasks,
     *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean getMapSpeculativeExecution() {
        return getBoolean("mapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution", true);
    }

    /**
     * Turn speculative execution on or off for this job for map tasks. 
     * 
     * @param speculativeExecution <code>true</code> if speculative execution 
     *                             should be turned on for map tasks,
     *                             else <code>false</code>.
     */
    public void setMapSpeculativeExecution(boolean speculativeExecution) {
        setBoolean("mapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution", speculativeExecution);
    }

    /**
     * Should speculative execution be used for this job for reduce tasks? 
     * Defaults to <code>true</code>.
     * 
     * @return <code>true</code> if speculative execution be used 
     *                           for reduce tasks for this job,
     *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean getReduceSpeculativeExecution() {
        return getBoolean("mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution", true);
    }

    /**
     * Turn speculative execution on or off for this job for reduce tasks. 
     * 
     * @param speculativeExecution <code>true</code> if speculative execution 
     *                             should be turned on for reduce tasks,
     *                             else <code>false</code>.
     */
    public void setReduceSpeculativeExecution(boolean speculativeExecution) {
        setBoolean("mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution", speculativeExecution);
    }

    /**
     * Get configured the number of reduce tasks for this job.
     * Defaults to <code>1</code>.
     * 
     * @return the number of reduce tasks for this job.
     */
    public int getNumMapTasks() {
        return getInt("mapred.map.tasks", 1);
    }

    /**
     * Set the number of map tasks for this job.
     * 
     * <p><i>Note</i>: This is only a <i>hint</i> to the framework. The actual 
     * number of spawned map tasks depends on the number of {@link InputSplit}s 
     * generated by the job's {@link InputFormat#getSplits(JobConf, int)}.
     *  
     * A custom {@link InputFormat} is typically used to accurately control 
     * the number of map tasks for the job.</p>
     * 
     * <h4 id="NoOfMaps">How many maps?</h4>
     * 
     * <p>The number of maps is usually driven by the total size of the inputs 
     * i.e. total number of blocks of the input files.</p>
     *  
     * <p>The right level of parallelism for maps seems to be around 10-100 maps 
     * per-node, although it has been set up to 300 or so for very cpu-light map 
     * tasks. Task setup takes awhile, so it is best if the maps take at least a 
     * minute to execute.</p>
     * 
     * <p>The default behavior of file-based {@link InputFormat}s is to split the 
     * input into <i>logical</i> {@link InputSplit}s based on the total size, in 
     * bytes, of input files. However, the {@link FileSystem} blocksize of the 
     * input files is treated as an upper bound for input splits. A lower bound 
     * on the split size can be set via 
     * <a href="{@docRoot}/../mapred-default.html#mapred.min.split.size">
     * mapred.min.split.size</a>.</p>
     *  
     * <p>Thus, if you expect 10TB of input data and have a blocksize of 128MB, 
     * you'll end up with 82,000 maps, unless {@link #setNumMapTasks(int)} is 
     * used to set it even higher.</p>
     * 
     * @param n the number of map tasks for this job.
     * @see InputFormat#getSplits(JobConf, int)
     * @see FileInputFormat
     * @see FileSystem#getDefaultBlockSize()
     * @see FileStatus#getBlockSize()
     */
    public void setNumMapTasks(int n) {
        setInt("mapred.map.tasks", n);
    }

    /**
     * Get configured the number of reduce tasks for this job. Defaults to 
     * <code>1</code>.
     * 
     * @return the number of reduce tasks for this job.
     */
    public int getNumReduceTasks() {
        return getInt("mapred.reduce.tasks", 1);
    }

    /**
     * Set the requisite number of reduce tasks for this job.
     * 
     * <h4 id="NoOfReduces">How many reduces?</h4>
     * 
     * <p>The right number of reduces seems to be <code>0.95</code> or 
     * <code>1.75</code> multiplied by (&lt;<i>no. of nodes</i>&gt; * 
     * <a href="{@docRoot}/../mapred-default.html#mapred.tasktracker.reduce.tasks.maximum">
     * mapred.tasktracker.reduce.tasks.maximum</a>).
     * </p>
     * 
     * <p>With <code>0.95</code> all of the reduces can launch immediately and 
     * start transfering map outputs as the maps finish. With <code>1.75</code> 
     * the faster nodes will finish their first round of reduces and launch a 
     * second wave of reduces doing a much better job of load balancing.</p>
     * 
     * <p>Increasing the number of reduces increases the framework overhead, but 
     * increases load balancing and lowers the cost of failures.</p>
     * 
     * <p>The scaling factors above are slightly less than whole numbers to 
     * reserve a few reduce slots in the framework for speculative-tasks, failures
     * etc.</p> 
     *
     * <h4 id="ReducerNone">Reducer NONE</h4>
     * 
     * <p>It is legal to set the number of reduce-tasks to <code>zero</code>.</p>
     * 
     * <p>In this case the output of the map-tasks directly go to distributed 
     * file-system, to the path set by 
     * {@link FileOutputFormat#setOutputPath(JobConf, Path)}. Also, the 
     * framework doesn't sort the map-outputs before writing it out to HDFS.</p>
     * 
     * @param n the number of reduce tasks for this job.
     */
    public void setNumReduceTasks(int n) {
        setInt("mapred.reduce.tasks", n);
    }

    /** 
     * Get the configured number of maximum attempts that will be made to run a
     * map task, as specified by the <code>mapred.map.max.attempts</code>
     * property. If this property is not already set, the default is 4 attempts.
     *  
     * @return the max number of attempts per map task.
     */
    public int getMaxMapAttempts() {
        return getInt("mapred.map.max.attempts", 4);
    }

    /** 
     * Expert: Set the number of maximum attempts that will be made to run a
     * map task.
     * 
     * @param n the number of attempts per map task.
     */
    public void setMaxMapAttempts(int n) {
        setInt("mapred.map.max.attempts", n);
    }

    /** 
     * Get the configured number of maximum attempts  that will be made to run a
     * reduce task, as specified by the <code>mapred.reduce.max.attempts</code>
     * property. If this property is not already set, the default is 4 attempts.
     * 
     * @return the max number of attempts per reduce task.
     */
    public int getMaxReduceAttempts() {
        return getInt("mapred.reduce.max.attempts", 4);
    }

    /** 
     * Expert: Set the number of maximum attempts that will be made to run a
     * reduce task.
     * 
     * @param n the number of attempts per reduce task.
     */
    public void setMaxReduceAttempts(int n) {
        setInt("mapred.reduce.max.attempts", n);
    }

    /**
     * Get the user-specified job name. This is only used to identify the 
     * job to the user.
     * 
     * @return the job's name, defaulting to "".
     */
    public String getJobName() {
        return get("mapred.job.name", "");
    }

    /**
     * Set the user-specified job name.
     * 
     * @param name the job's new name.
     */
    public void setJobName(String name) {
        set("mapred.job.name", name);
    }

    /**
     * Get the user-specified session identifier. The default is the empty string.
     *
     * The session identifier is used to tag metric data that is reported to some
     * performance metrics system via the org.apache.hadoop.metrics API.  The 
     * session identifier is intended, in particular, for use by Hadoop-On-Demand 
     * (HOD) which allocates a virtual Hadoop cluster dynamically and transiently. 
     * HOD will set the session identifier by modifying the mapred-site.xml file 
     * before starting the cluster.
     *
     * When not running under HOD, this identifer is expected to remain set to 
     * the empty string.
     *
     * @return the session identifier, defaulting to "".
     */
    public String getSessionId() {
        return get("session.id", "");
    }

    /**
     * Set the user-specified session identifier.  
     *
     * @param sessionId the new session id.
     */
    public void setSessionId(String sessionId) {
        set("session.id", sessionId);
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum no. of failures of a given job per tasktracker.
     * If the no. of task failures exceeds <code>noFailures</code>, the 
     * tasktracker is <i>blacklisted</i> for this job. 
     * 
     * @param noFailures maximum no. of failures of a given job per tasktracker.
     */
    public void setMaxTaskFailuresPerTracker(int noFailures) {
        setInt("mapred.max.tracker.failures", noFailures);
    }

    /**
     * Expert: Get the maximum no. of failures of a given job per tasktracker.
     * If the no. of task failures exceeds this, the tasktracker is
     * <i>blacklisted</i> for this job. 
     * 
     * @return the maximum no. of failures of a given job per tasktracker.
     */
    public int getMaxTaskFailuresPerTracker() {
        return getInt("mapred.max.tracker.failures", 4);
    }

    /**
     * Get the maximum percentage of map tasks that can fail without 
     * the job being aborted. 
     * 
     * Each map task is executed a minimum of {@link #getMaxMapAttempts()} 
     * attempts before being declared as <i>failed</i>.
     *  
     * Defaults to <code>zero</code>, i.e. <i>any</i> failed map-task results in
     * the job being declared as {@link JobStatus#FAILED}.
     * 
     * @return the maximum percentage of map tasks that can fail without
     *         the job being aborted.
     */
    public int getMaxMapTaskFailuresPercent() {
        return getInt("mapred.max.map.failures.percent", 0);
    }

    /**
     * Expert: Set the maximum percentage of map tasks that can fail without the
     * job being aborted. 
     * 
     * Each map task is executed a minimum of {@link #getMaxMapAttempts} attempts 
     * before being declared as <i>failed</i>.
     * 
     * @param percent the maximum percentage of map tasks that can fail without 
     *                the job being aborted.
     */
    public void setMaxMapTaskFailuresPercent(int percent) {
        setInt("mapred.max.map.failures.percent", percent);
    }

    /**
     * Get the maximum percentage of reduce tasks that can fail without 
     * the job being aborted. 
     * 
     * Each reduce task is executed a minimum of {@link #getMaxReduceAttempts()} 
     * attempts before being declared as <i>failed</i>.
     * 
     * Defaults to <code>zero</code>, i.e. <i>any</i> failed reduce-task results 
     * in the job being declared as {@link JobStatus#FAILED}.
     * 
     * @return the maximum percentage of reduce tasks that can fail without
     *         the job being aborted.
     */
    public int getMaxReduceTaskFailuresPercent() {
        return getInt("mapred.max.reduce.failures.percent", 0);
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum percentage of reduce tasks that can fail without the job
     * being aborted.
     * 
     * Each reduce task is executed a minimum of {@link #getMaxReduceAttempts()} 
     * attempts before being declared as <i>failed</i>.
     * 
     * @param percent the maximum percentage of reduce tasks that can fail without 
     *                the job being aborted.
     */
    public void setMaxReduceTaskFailuresPercent(int percent) {
        setInt("mapred.max.reduce.failures.percent", percent);
    }

    /**
     * Set {@link JobPriority} for this job.
     * 
     * @param prio the {@link JobPriority} for this job.
     */
    public void setJobPriority(JobPriority prio) {
        set("mapred.job.priority", prio.toString());
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link JobPriority} for this job.
     * 
     * @return the {@link JobPriority} for this job.
     */
    public JobPriority getJobPriority() {
        String prio = get("mapred.job.priority");
        if (prio == null) {
            return JobPriority.NORMAL;
        }

        return JobPriority.valueOf(prio);
    }

    /**
     * Set {@link JobSubmitHostName} for this job.
     * 
     * @param prio the {@link JobSubmitHostName} for this job.
     */
    void setJobSubmitHostName(String hostname) {
        set("mapreduce.job.submithost", hostname);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link JobSubmitHostName} for this job.
     * 
     * @return the {@link JobSubmitHostName} for this job.
     */
    String getJobSubmitHostName() {
        String hostname = get("mapreduce.job.submithost");

        return hostname;
    }

    /**
     * Set {@link JobSubmitHostAddress} for this job.
     * 
     * @param prio the {@link JobSubmitHostAddress} for this job.
     */
    void setJobSubmitHostAddress(String hostadd) {
        set("mapreduce.job.submithostaddress", hostadd);
    }

    /**
     * Get the {@link JobSubmitHostAddress} for this job.
     * 
     * @return the {@link JobSubmitHostAddress} for this job.
     */
    String getJobSubmitHostAddress() {
        String hostadd = get("mapreduce.job.submithostaddress");

        return hostadd;
    }

    /**
     * Get whether the task profiling is enabled.
     * @return true if some tasks will be profiled
     */
    public boolean getProfileEnabled() {
        return getBoolean("mapred.task.profile", false);
    }

    /**
     * Set whether the system should collect profiler information for some of 
     * the tasks in this job? The information is stored in the user log 
     * directory.
     * @param newValue true means it should be gathered
     */
    public void setProfileEnabled(boolean newValue) {
        setBoolean("mapred.task.profile", newValue);
    }

    /**
     * Get the profiler configuration arguments.
     *
     * The default value for this property is
     * "-agentlib:hprof=cpu=samples,heap=sites,force=n,thread=y,verbose=n,file=%s"
     * 
     * @return the parameters to pass to the task child to configure profiling
     */
    public String getProfileParams() {
        return get("mapred.task.profile.params",
                "-agentlib:hprof=cpu=samples,heap=sites,force=n,thread=y," + "verbose=n,file=%s");
    }

    /**
     * Set the profiler configuration arguments. If the string contains a '%s' it
     * will be replaced with the name of the profiling output file when the task
     * runs.
     *
     * This value is passed to the task child JVM on the command line.
     *
     * @param value the configuration string
     */
    public void setProfileParams(String value) {
        set("mapred.task.profile.params", value);
    }

    /**
     * Get the range of maps or reduces to profile.
     * @param isMap is the task a map?
     * @return the task ranges
     */
    public IntegerRanges getProfileTaskRange(boolean isMap) {
        return getRange((isMap ? "mapred.task.profile.maps" : "mapred.task.profile.reduces"), "0-2");
    }

    /**
     * Set the ranges of maps or reduces to profile. setProfileEnabled(true) 
     * must also be called.
     * @param newValue a set of integer ranges of the map ids
     */
    public void setProfileTaskRange(boolean isMap, String newValue) {
        // parse the value to make sure it is legal
        new Configuration.IntegerRanges(newValue);
        set((isMap ? "mapred.task.profile.maps" : "mapred.task.profile.reduces"), newValue);
    }

    /**
     * Set the debug script to run when the map tasks fail.
     * 
     * <p>The debug script can aid debugging of failed map tasks. The script is 
     * given task's stdout, stderr, syslog, jobconf files as arguments.</p>
     * 
     * <p>The debug command, run on the node where the map failed, is:</p>
     * <p><pre><blockquote> 
     * $script $stdout $stderr $syslog $jobconf.
     * </blockquote></pre></p>
     * 
     * <p> The script file is distributed through {@link DistributedCache} 
     * APIs. The script needs to be symlinked. </p>
     * 
     * <p>Here is an example on how to submit a script 
     * <p><blockquote><pre>
     * job.setMapDebugScript("./myscript");
     * DistributedCache.createSymlink(job);
     * DistributedCache.addCacheFile("/debug/scripts/myscript#myscript");
     * </pre></blockquote></p>
     * 
     * @param mDbgScript the script name
     */
    public void setMapDebugScript(String mDbgScript) {
        set("mapred.map.task.debug.script", mDbgScript);
    }

    /**
     * Get the map task's debug script.
     * 
     * @return the debug Script for the mapred job for failed map tasks.
     * @see #setMapDebugScript(String)
     */
    public String getMapDebugScript() {
        return get("mapred.map.task.debug.script");
    }

    /**
     * Set the debug script to run when the reduce tasks fail.
     * 
     * <p>The debug script can aid debugging of failed reduce tasks. The script
     * is given task's stdout, stderr, syslog, jobconf files as arguments.</p>
     * 
     * <p>The debug command, run on the node where the map failed, is:</p>
     * <p><pre><blockquote> 
     * $script $stdout $stderr $syslog $jobconf.
     * </blockquote></pre></p>
     * 
     * <p> The script file is distributed through {@link DistributedCache} 
     * APIs. The script file needs to be symlinked </p>
     * 
     * <p>Here is an example on how to submit a script 
     * <p><blockquote><pre>
     * job.setReduceDebugScript("./myscript");
     * DistributedCache.createSymlink(job);
     * DistributedCache.addCacheFile("/debug/scripts/myscript#myscript");
     * </pre></blockquote></p>
     * 
     * @param rDbgScript the script name
     */
    public void setReduceDebugScript(String rDbgScript) {
        set("mapred.reduce.task.debug.script", rDbgScript);
    }

    /**
     * Get the reduce task's debug Script
     * 
     * @return the debug script for the mapred job for failed reduce tasks.
     * @see #setReduceDebugScript(String)
     */
    public String getReduceDebugScript() {
        return get("mapred.reduce.task.debug.script");
    }

    /**
     * Get the uri to be invoked in-order to send a notification after the job 
     * has completed (success/failure). 
     * 
     * @return the job end notification uri, <code>null</code> if it hasn't
     *         been set.
     * @see #setJobEndNotificationURI(String)
     */
    public String getJobEndNotificationURI() {
        return get("job.end.notification.url");
    }

    /**
     * Set the uri to be invoked in-order to send a notification after the job
     * has completed (success/failure).
     * 
     * <p>The uri can contain 2 special parameters: <tt>$jobId</tt> and 
     * <tt>$jobStatus</tt>. Those, if present, are replaced by the job's 
     * identifier and completion-status respectively.</p>
     * 
     * <p>This is typically used by application-writers to implement chaining of 
     * Map-Reduce jobs in an <i>asynchronous manner</i>.</p>
     * 
     * @param uri the job end notification uri
     * @see JobStatus
     * @see <a href="{@docRoot}/org/apache/hadoop/mapred/JobClient.html#
     *       JobCompletionAndChaining">Job Completion and Chaining</a>
     */
    public void setJobEndNotificationURI(String uri) {
        set("job.end.notification.url", uri);
    }

    /**
     * Get job-specific shared directory for use as scratch space
     * 
     * <p>
     * When a job starts, a shared directory is created at location
     * <code>
     * ${mapred.local.dir}/taskTracker/$user/jobcache/$jobid/work/ </code>.
     * This directory is exposed to the users through 
     * <code>job.local.dir </code>.
     * So, the tasks can use this space 
     * as scratch space and share files among them. </p>
     * This value is available as System property also.
     * 
     * @return The localized job specific shared directory
     */
    public String getJobLocalDir() {
        return get(TaskTracker.JOB_LOCAL_DIR);
    }

    /**
     * Get memory required to run a map task of the job, in MB.
     * 
     * If a value is specified in the configuration, it is returned.
     * Else, it returns {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT}.
     * <p/>
     * For backward compatibility, if the job configuration sets the
     * key {@link #MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY} to a value different
     * from {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT}, that value will be used
     * after converting it from bytes to MB.
     * @return memory required to run a map task of the job, in MB,
     *          or {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT} if unset.
     */
    public long getMemoryForMapTask() {
        long value = getDeprecatedMemoryValue();
        if (value == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) {
            value = normalizeMemoryConfigValue(
                    getLong(JobConf.MAPRED_JOB_MAP_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY, DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT));
        }
        return value;
    }

    public void setMemoryForMapTask(long mem) {
        setLong(JobConf.MAPRED_JOB_MAP_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY, mem);
    }

    /**
     * Get memory required to run a reduce task of the job, in MB.
     * 
     * If a value is specified in the configuration, it is returned.
     * Else, it returns {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT}.
     * <p/>
     * For backward compatibility, if the job configuration sets the
     * key {@link #MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY} to a value different
     * from {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT}, that value will be used
     * after converting it from bytes to MB.
     * @return memory required to run a reduce task of the job, in MB,
     *          or {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT} if unset.
     */
    public long getMemoryForReduceTask() {
        long value = getDeprecatedMemoryValue();
        if (value == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) {
            value = normalizeMemoryConfigValue(
                    getLong(JobConf.MAPRED_JOB_REDUCE_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY, DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT));
        }
        return value;
    }

    // Return the value set to the key MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY,
    // converted into MBs.
    // Returns DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT if unset, or set to a negative
    // value.
    private long getDeprecatedMemoryValue() {
        long oldValue = getLong(MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY, DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT);
        oldValue = normalizeMemoryConfigValue(oldValue);
        if (oldValue != DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) {
            oldValue /= (1024 * 1024);
        }
        return oldValue;
    }

    public void setMemoryForReduceTask(long mem) {
        setLong(JobConf.MAPRED_JOB_REDUCE_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY, mem);
    }

    /**
     * Return the name of the queue to which this job is submitted.
     * Defaults to 'default'.
     * 
     * @return name of the queue
     */
    public String getQueueName() {
        return get("mapred.job.queue.name", DEFAULT_QUEUE_NAME);
    }

    /**
     * Set the name of the queue to which this job should be submitted.
     * 
     * @param queueName Name of the queue
     */
    public void setQueueName(String queueName) {
        set("mapred.job.queue.name", queueName);
    }

    /**
     * Normalize the negative values in configuration
     * 
     * @param val
     * @return normalized value
     */
    public static long normalizeMemoryConfigValue(long val) {
        if (val < 0) {
            val = DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT;
        }
        return val;
    }

    /**
     * Compute the number of slots required to run a single map task-attempt
     * of this job.
     * @param slotSizePerMap cluster-wide value of the amount of memory required
     *                       to run a map-task
     * @return the number of slots required to run a single map task-attempt
     *                1 if memory parameters are disabled.
     */
    int computeNumSlotsPerMap(long slotSizePerMap) {
        if ((slotSizePerMap == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) || (getMemoryForMapTask() == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT)) {
            return 1;
        }
        return (int) (Math.ceil((float) getMemoryForMapTask() / (float) slotSizePerMap));
    }

    /**
     * Compute the number of slots required to run a single reduce task-attempt
     * of this job.
     * @param slotSizePerReduce cluster-wide value of the amount of memory 
     *                          required to run a reduce-task
     * @return the number of slots required to run a single reduce task-attempt
     *                1 if memory parameters are disabled.
     */
    int computeNumSlotsPerReduce(long slotSizePerReduce) {
        if ((slotSizePerReduce == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) || (getMemoryForReduceTask() == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT)) {
            return 1;
        }
        return (int) (Math.ceil((float) getMemoryForReduceTask() / (float) slotSizePerReduce));
    }

    /** 
     * Find a jar that contains a class of the same name, if any.
     * It will return a jar file, even if that is not the first thing
     * on the class path that has a class with the same name.
     * 
     * @param my_class the class to find.
     * @return a jar file that contains the class, or null.
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static String findContainingJar(Class my_class) {
        ClassLoader loader = my_class.getClassLoader();
        String class_file = my_class.getName().replaceAll("\\.", "/") + ".class";
        try {
            for (Enumeration itr = loader.getResources(class_file); itr.hasMoreElements();) {
                URL url = (URL) itr.nextElement();
                if ("jar".equals(url.getProtocol())) {
                    String toReturn = url.getPath();
                    if (toReturn.startsWith("file:")) {
                        toReturn = toReturn.substring("file:".length());
                    }
                    toReturn = URLDecoder.decode(toReturn, "UTF-8");
                    return toReturn.replaceAll("!.*$", "");
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the memory required to run a task of this job, in bytes. See
     * {@link #MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY}
     * <p/>
     * This method is deprecated. Now, different memory limits can be
     * set for map and reduce tasks of a job, in MB. 
     * <p/>
     * For backward compatibility, if the job configuration sets the
     * key {@link #MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY} to a value different
     * from {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT}, that value is returned. 
     * Otherwise, this method will return the larger of the values returned by 
     * {@link #getMemoryForMapTask()} and {@link #getMemoryForReduceTask()}
     * after converting them into bytes.
     * 
     * @return Memory required to run a task of this job, in bytes,
     *         or {@link #DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT}, if unset.
     * @see #setMaxVirtualMemoryForTask(long)
     * @deprecated Use {@link #getMemoryForMapTask()} and
     *             {@link #getMemoryForReduceTask()}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public long getMaxVirtualMemoryForTask() {
        LOG.warn("getMaxVirtualMemoryForTask() is deprecated. "
                + "Instead use getMemoryForMapTask() and getMemoryForReduceTask()");

        long value = getLong(MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY, DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT);
        value = normalizeMemoryConfigValue(value);
        if (value == DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) {
            value = Math.max(getMemoryForMapTask(), getMemoryForReduceTask());
            value = normalizeMemoryConfigValue(value);
            if (value != DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT) {
                value *= 1024 * 1024;
            }
        }
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum amount of memory any task of this job can use. See
     * {@link #MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY}
     * <p/>
     * mapred.task.maxvmem is split into
     * mapred.job.map.memory.mb
     * and mapred.job.map.memory.mb,mapred
     * each of the new key are set
     * as mapred.task.maxvmem / 1024
     * as new values are in MB
     *
     * @param vmem Maximum amount of virtual memory in bytes any task of this job
     *             can use.
     * @see #getMaxVirtualMemoryForTask()
     * @deprecated
     *  Use {@link #setMemoryForMapTask(long mem)}  and
     *  Use {@link #setMemoryForReduceTask(long mem)}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setMaxVirtualMemoryForTask(long vmem) {
        LOG.warn("setMaxVirtualMemoryForTask() is deprecated."
                + "Instead use setMemoryForMapTask() and setMemoryForReduceTask()");
        if (vmem != DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT && vmem < 0) {
            setMemoryForMapTask(DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT);
            setMemoryForReduceTask(DISABLED_MEMORY_LIMIT);
        }

        if (get(JobConf.MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY) == null) {
            setMemoryForMapTask(vmem / (1024 * 1024)); //Changing bytes to mb
            setMemoryForReduceTask(vmem / (1024 * 1024));//Changing bytes to mb
        } else {
            this.setLong(JobConf.MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY, vmem);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated this variable is deprecated and nolonger in use.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public long getMaxPhysicalMemoryForTask() {
        LOG.warn("The API getMaxPhysicalMemoryForTask() is deprecated."
                + " Refer to the APIs getMemoryForMapTask() and" + " getMemoryForReduceTask() for details.");
        return -1;
    }

    /*
     * @deprecated this
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setMaxPhysicalMemoryForTask(long mem) {
        LOG.warn("The API setMaxPhysicalMemoryForTask() is deprecated." + " The value set is ignored. Refer to "
                + " setMemoryForMapTask() and setMemoryForReduceTask() for details.");
    }

    static String deprecatedString(String key) {
        return "The variable " + key + " is no longer used.";
    }

    private void checkAndWarnDeprecation() {
        if (get(JobConf.MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY) != null) {
            LOG.warn(JobConf.deprecatedString(JobConf.MAPRED_TASK_MAXVMEM_PROPERTY) + " Instead use "
                    + JobConf.MAPRED_JOB_MAP_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY + " and "
                    + JobConf.MAPRED_JOB_REDUCE_MEMORY_MB_PROPERTY);
        }
    }

}