Java tutorial
/* * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package android.os; import android.Manifest; import android.annotation.RequiresPermission; import android.annotation.SystemApi; import android.annotation.TestApi; import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage; import android.app.Application; import android.content.Context; import android.text.TextUtils; import android.util.Slog; import android.view.View; import com.android.internal.telephony.TelephonyProperties; import dalvik.system.VMRuntime; import java.util.Objects; /** * Information about the current build, extracted from system properties. */ public class Build { private static final String TAG = "Build"; /** Value used for when a build property is unknown. */ public static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown"; /** Either a changelist number, or a label like "M4-rc20". */ public static final String ID = getString("ro.build.id"); /** A build ID string meant for displaying to the user */ public static final String DISPLAY = getString("ro.build.display.id"); /** The name of the overall product. */ public static final String PRODUCT = getString("ro.product.name"); /** The name of the industrial design. */ public static final String DEVICE = getString("ro.product.device"); /** The name of the underlying board, like "goldfish". */ public static final String BOARD = getString("ro.product.board"); /** * The name of the instruction set (CPU type + ABI convention) of native code. * * @deprecated Use {@link #SUPPORTED_ABIS} instead. */ @Deprecated public static final String CPU_ABI; /** * The name of the second instruction set (CPU type + ABI convention) of native code. * * @deprecated Use {@link #SUPPORTED_ABIS} instead. */ @Deprecated public static final String CPU_ABI2; /** The manufacturer of the product/hardware. */ public static final String MANUFACTURER = getString("ro.product.manufacturer"); /** The consumer-visible brand with which the product/hardware will be associated, if any. */ public static final String BRAND = getString("ro.product.brand"); /** The end-user-visible name for the end product. */ public static final String MODEL = getString("ro.product.model"); /** The system bootloader version number. */ public static final String BOOTLOADER = getString("ro.bootloader"); /** * The radio firmware version number. * * @deprecated The radio firmware version is frequently not * available when this class is initialized, leading to a blank or * "unknown" value for this string. Use * {@link #getRadioVersion} instead. */ @Deprecated public static final String RADIO = getString(TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_BASEBAND_VERSION); /** The name of the hardware (from the kernel command line or /proc). */ public static final String HARDWARE = getString("ro.hardware"); /** * Whether this build was for an emulator device. * @hide */ @UnsupportedAppUsage public static final boolean IS_EMULATOR = getString("ro.kernel.qemu").equals("1"); /** * A hardware serial number, if available. Alphanumeric only, case-insensitive. * For apps targeting SDK higher than {@link Build.VERSION_CODES#O_MR1} this * field is set to {@link Build#UNKNOWN}. * * @deprecated Use {@link #getSerial()} instead. **/ @Deprecated // IMPORTANT: This field should be initialized via a function call to // prevent its value being inlined in the app during compilation because // we will later set it to the value based on the app's target SDK. public static final String SERIAL = getString("no.such.thing"); /** * Gets the hardware serial number, if available. * * <p class="note"><b>Note:</b> Root access may allow you to modify device identifiers, such as * the hardware serial number. If you change these identifiers, you can use * <a href="/training/articles/security-key-attestation.html">key attestation</a> to obtain * proof of the device's original identifiers. * * @return The serial number if specified. */ @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) public static String getSerial() { IDeviceIdentifiersPolicyService service = IDeviceIdentifiersPolicyService.Stub .asInterface(ServiceManager.getService(Context.DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS_SERVICE)); try { return service.getSerial(); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.rethrowFromSystemServer(); } return UNKNOWN; } /** * An ordered list of ABIs supported by this device. The most preferred ABI is the first * element in the list. * * See {@link #SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS} and {@link #SUPPORTED_64_BIT_ABIS}. */ public static final String[] SUPPORTED_ABIS = getStringList("ro.product.cpu.abilist", ","); /** * An ordered list of <b>32 bit</b> ABIs supported by this device. The most preferred ABI * is the first element in the list. * * See {@link #SUPPORTED_ABIS} and {@link #SUPPORTED_64_BIT_ABIS}. */ public static final String[] SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS = getStringList("ro.product.cpu.abilist32", ","); /** * An ordered list of <b>64 bit</b> ABIs supported by this device. The most preferred ABI * is the first element in the list. * * See {@link #SUPPORTED_ABIS} and {@link #SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS}. */ public static final String[] SUPPORTED_64_BIT_ABIS = getStringList("ro.product.cpu.abilist64", ","); static { /* * Adjusts CPU_ABI and CPU_ABI2 depending on whether or not a given process is 64 bit. * 32 bit processes will always see 32 bit ABIs in these fields for backward * compatibility. */ final String[] abiList; if (VMRuntime.getRuntime().is64Bit()) { abiList = SUPPORTED_64_BIT_ABIS; } else { abiList = SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS; } CPU_ABI = abiList[0]; if (abiList.length > 1) { CPU_ABI2 = abiList[1]; } else { CPU_ABI2 = ""; } } /** Various version strings. */ public static class VERSION { /** * The internal value used by the underlying source control to * represent this build. E.g., a perforce changelist number * or a git hash. */ public static final String INCREMENTAL = getString("ro.build.version.incremental"); /** * The user-visible version string. E.g., "1.0" or "3.4b5" or "bananas". * * This field is an opaque string. Do not assume that its value * has any particular structure or that values of RELEASE from * different releases can be somehow ordered. */ public static final String RELEASE = getString("ro.build.version.release"); /** * The base OS build the product is based on. */ public static final String BASE_OS = SystemProperties.get("ro.build.version.base_os", ""); /** * The user-visible security patch level. */ public static final String SECURITY_PATCH = SystemProperties.get("ro.build.version.security_patch", ""); /** * The user-visible SDK version of the framework in its raw String * representation; use {@link #SDK_INT} instead. * * @deprecated Use {@link #SDK_INT} to easily get this as an integer. */ @Deprecated public static final String SDK = getString("ro.build.version.sdk"); /** * The SDK version of the software currently running on this hardware * device. This value never changes while a device is booted, but it may * increase when the hardware manufacturer provides an OTA update. * <p> * Possible values are defined in {@link Build.VERSION_CODES}. */ public static final int SDK_INT = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.build.version.sdk", 0); /** * The SDK version of the software that <em>initially</em> shipped on * this hardware device. It <em>never</em> changes during the lifetime * of the device, even when {@link #SDK_INT} increases due to an OTA * update. * <p> * Possible values are defined in {@link Build.VERSION_CODES}. * * @see #SDK_INT * @hide */ @TestApi public static final int FIRST_SDK_INT = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.product.first_api_level", 0); /** * The developer preview revision of a prerelease SDK. This value will always * be <code>0</code> on production platform builds/devices. * * <p>When this value is nonzero, any new API added since the last * officially published {@link #SDK_INT API level} is only guaranteed to be present * on that specific preview revision. For example, an API <code>Activity.fooBar()</code> * might be present in preview revision 1 but renamed or removed entirely in * preview revision 2, which may cause an app attempting to call it to crash * at runtime.</p> * * <p>Experimental apps targeting preview APIs should check this value for * equality (<code>==</code>) with the preview SDK revision they were built for * before using any prerelease platform APIs. Apps that detect a preview SDK revision * other than the specific one they expect should fall back to using APIs from * the previously published API level only to avoid unwanted runtime exceptions. * </p> */ public static final int PREVIEW_SDK_INT = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.build.version.preview_sdk", 0); /** * The current development codename, or the string "REL" if this is * a release build. */ public static final String CODENAME = getString("ro.build.version.codename"); private static final String[] ALL_CODENAMES = getStringList("ro.build.version.all_codenames", ","); /** * @hide */ @TestApi @UnsupportedAppUsage public static final String[] ACTIVE_CODENAMES = "REL".equals(ALL_CODENAMES[0]) ? new String[0] : ALL_CODENAMES; /** * The SDK version to use when accessing resources. * Use the current SDK version code. For every active development codename * we are operating under, we bump the assumed resource platform version by 1. * @hide */ @TestApi public static final int RESOURCES_SDK_INT = SDK_INT + ACTIVE_CODENAMES.length; /** * The current lowest supported value of app target SDK. Applications targeting * lower values may not function on devices running this SDK version. Its possible * values are defined in {@link Build.VERSION_CODES}. * * @hide */ public static final int MIN_SUPPORTED_TARGET_SDK_INT = SystemProperties .getInt("ro.build.version.min_supported_target_sdk", 0); } /** * Enumeration of the currently known SDK version codes. These are the * values that can be found in {@link VERSION#SDK}. Version numbers * increment monotonically with each official platform release. */ public static class VERSION_CODES { /** * Magic version number for a current development build, which has * not yet turned into an official release. */ public static final int CUR_DEVELOPMENT = VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT; /** * October 2008: The original, first, version of Android. Yay! */ public static final int BASE = 1; /** * February 2009: First Android update, officially called 1.1. */ public static final int BASE_1_1 = 2; /** * May 2009: Android 1.5. */ public static final int CUPCAKE = 3; /** * September 2009: Android 1.6. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li> They must explicitly request the * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} permission to be * able to modify the contents of the SD card. (Apps targeting * earlier versions will always request the permission.) * <li> They must explicitly request the * {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE} permission to be * able to be able to retrieve phone state info. (Apps targeting * earlier versions will always request the permission.) * <li> They are assumed to support different screen densities and * sizes. (Apps targeting earlier versions are assumed to only support * medium density normal size screens unless otherwise indicated). * They can still explicitly specify screen support either way with the * supports-screens manifest tag. * <li> {@link android.widget.TabHost} will use the new dark tab * background design. * </ul> */ public static final int DONUT = 4; /** * November 2009: Android 2.0 * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li> The {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand * Service.onStartCommand} function will return the new * {@link android.app.Service#START_STICKY} behavior instead of the * old compatibility {@link android.app.Service#START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY}. * <li> The {@link android.app.Activity} class will now execute back * key presses on the key up instead of key down, to be able to detect * canceled presses from virtual keys. * <li> The {@link android.widget.TabWidget} class will use a new color scheme * for tabs. In the new scheme, the foreground tab has a medium gray background * the background tabs have a dark gray background. * </ul> */ public static final int ECLAIR = 5; /** * December 2009: Android 2.0.1 */ public static final int ECLAIR_0_1 = 6; /** * January 2010: Android 2.1 */ public static final int ECLAIR_MR1 = 7; /** * June 2010: Android 2.2 */ public static final int FROYO = 8; /** * November 2010: Android 2.3 * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li> The application's notification icons will be shown on the new * dark status bar background, so must be visible in this situation. * </ul> */ public static final int GINGERBREAD = 9; /** * February 2011: Android 2.3.3. */ public static final int GINGERBREAD_MR1 = 10; /** * February 2011: Android 3.0. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li> The default theme for applications is now dark holographic: * {@link android.R.style#Theme_Holo}. * <li> On large screen devices that do not have a physical menu * button, the soft (compatibility) menu is disabled. * <li> The activity lifecycle has changed slightly as per * {@link android.app.Activity}. * <li> An application will crash if it does not call through * to the super implementation of its * {@link android.app.Activity#onPause Activity.onPause()} method. * <li> When an application requires a permission to access one of * its components (activity, receiver, service, provider), this * permission is no longer enforced when the application wants to * access its own component. This means it can require a permission * on a component that it does not itself hold and still access that * component. * <li> {@link android.content.Context#getSharedPreferences * Context.getSharedPreferences()} will not automatically reload * the preferences if they have changed on storage, unless * {@link android.content.Context#MODE_MULTI_PROCESS} is used. * <li> {@link android.view.ViewGroup#setMotionEventSplittingEnabled} * will default to true. * <li> {@link android.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams#FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH} * is enabled by default on windows. * <li> {@link android.widget.PopupWindow#isSplitTouchEnabled() * PopupWindow.isSplitTouchEnabled()} will return true by default. * <li> {@link android.widget.GridView} and {@link android.widget.ListView} * will use {@link android.view.View#setActivated View.setActivated} * for selected items if they do not implement {@link android.widget.Checkable}. * <li> {@link android.widget.Scroller} will be constructed with * "flywheel" behavior enabled by default. * </ul> */ public static final int HONEYCOMB = 11; /** * May 2011: Android 3.1. */ public static final int HONEYCOMB_MR1 = 12; /** * June 2011: Android 3.2. * * <p>Update to Honeycomb MR1 to support 7 inch tablets, improve * screen compatibility mode, etc.</p> * * <p>As of this version, applications that don't say whether they * support XLARGE screens will be assumed to do so only if they target * {@link #HONEYCOMB} or later; it had been {@link #GINGERBREAD} or * later. Applications that don't support a screen size at least as * large as the current screen will provide the user with a UI to * switch them in to screen size compatibility mode.</p> * * <p>This version introduces new screen size resource qualifiers * based on the screen size in dp: see * {@link android.content.res.Configuration#screenWidthDp}, * {@link android.content.res.Configuration#screenHeightDp}, and * {@link android.content.res.Configuration#smallestScreenWidthDp}. * Supplying these in <supports-screens> as per * {@link android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#requiresSmallestWidthDp}, * {@link android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#compatibleWidthLimitDp}, and * {@link android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#largestWidthLimitDp} is * preferred over the older screen size buckets and for older devices * the appropriate buckets will be inferred from them.</p> * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li><p>New {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#FEATURE_SCREEN_PORTRAIT} * and {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#FEATURE_SCREEN_LANDSCAPE} * features were introduced in this release. Applications that target * previous platform versions are assumed to require both portrait and * landscape support in the device; when targeting Honeycomb MR1 or * greater the application is responsible for specifying any specific * orientation it requires.</p> * <li><p>{@link android.os.AsyncTask} will use the serial executor * by default when calling {@link android.os.AsyncTask#execute}.</p> * <li><p>{@link android.content.pm.ActivityInfo#configChanges * ActivityInfo.configChanges} will have the * {@link android.content.pm.ActivityInfo#CONFIG_SCREEN_SIZE} and * {@link android.content.pm.ActivityInfo#CONFIG_SMALLEST_SCREEN_SIZE} * bits set; these need to be cleared for older applications because * some developers have done absolute comparisons against this value * instead of correctly masking the bits they are interested in. * </ul> */ public static final int HONEYCOMB_MR2 = 13; /** * October 2011: Android 4.0. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li> For devices without a dedicated menu key, the software compatibility * menu key will not be shown even on phones. By targeting Ice Cream Sandwich * or later, your UI must always have its own menu UI affordance if needed, * on both tablets and phones. The ActionBar will take care of this for you. * <li> 2d drawing hardware acceleration is now turned on by default. * You can use * {@link android.R.attr#hardwareAccelerated android:hardwareAccelerated} * to turn it off if needed, although this is strongly discouraged since * it will result in poor performance on larger screen devices. * <li> The default theme for applications is now the "device default" theme: * {@link android.R.style#Theme_DeviceDefault}. This may be the * holo dark theme or a different dark theme defined by the specific device. * The {@link android.R.style#Theme_Holo} family must not be modified * for a device to be considered compatible. Applications that explicitly * request a theme from the Holo family will be guaranteed that these themes * will not change character within the same platform version. Applications * that wish to blend in with the device should use a theme from the * {@link android.R.style#Theme_DeviceDefault} family. * <li> Managed cursors can now throw an exception if you directly close * the cursor yourself without stopping the management of it; previously failures * would be silently ignored. * <li> The fadingEdge attribute on views will be ignored (fading edges is no * longer a standard part of the UI). A new requiresFadingEdge attribute allows * applications to still force fading edges on for special cases. * <li> {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService()} * will not automatically add in {@link android.content.Context#BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY}. * <li> App Widgets will have standard padding automatically added around * them, rather than relying on the padding being baked into the widget itself. * <li> An exception will be thrown if you try to change the type of a * window after it has been added to the window manager. Previously this * would result in random incorrect behavior. * <li> {@link android.view.animation.AnimationSet} will parse out * the duration, fillBefore, fillAfter, repeatMode, and startOffset * XML attributes that are defined. * <li> {@link android.app.ActionBar#setHomeButtonEnabled * ActionBar.setHomeButtonEnabled()} is false by default. * </ul> */ public static final int ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH = 14; /** * December 2011: Android 4.0.3. */ public static final int ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1 = 15; /** * June 2012: Android 4.1. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li> You must explicitly request the {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_CALL_LOG} * and/or {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_CALL_LOG} permissions; * access to the call log is no longer implicitly provided through * {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_CONTACTS} and * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_CONTACTS}. * <li> {@link android.widget.RemoteViews} will throw an exception if * setting an onClick handler for views being generated by a * {@link android.widget.RemoteViewsService} for a collection container; * previously this just resulted in a warning log message. * <li> New {@link android.app.ActionBar} policy for embedded tabs: * embedded tabs are now always stacked in the action bar when in portrait * mode, regardless of the size of the screen. * <li> {@link android.webkit.WebSettings#setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs(boolean) * WebSettings.setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs} and * {@link android.webkit.WebSettings#setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs(boolean) * WebSettings.setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs} default to false. * <li> Calls to {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#setComponentEnabledSetting * PackageManager.setComponentEnabledSetting} will now throw an * IllegalArgumentException if the given component class name does not * exist in the application's manifest. * <li> {@link android.nfc.NfcAdapter#setNdefPushMessage * NfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessage}, * {@link android.nfc.NfcAdapter#setNdefPushMessageCallback * NfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessageCallback} and * {@link android.nfc.NfcAdapter#setOnNdefPushCompleteCallback * NfcAdapter.setOnNdefPushCompleteCallback} will throw * IllegalStateException if called after the Activity has been destroyed. * <li> Accessibility services must require the new * {@link android.Manifest.permission#BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE} permission or * they will not be available for use. * <li> {@link android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityServiceInfo#FLAG_INCLUDE_NOT_IMPORTANT_VIEWS * AccessibilityServiceInfo.FLAG_INCLUDE_NOT_IMPORTANT_VIEWS} must be set * for unimportant views to be included in queries. * </ul> */ public static final int JELLY_BEAN = 16; /** * November 2012: Android 4.2, Moar jelly beans! * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li>Content Providers: The default value of {@code android:exported} is now * {@code false}. See * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/provider-element.html#exported"> * the android:exported section</a> in the provider documentation for more details.</li> * <li>{@link android.view.View#getLayoutDirection() View.getLayoutDirection()} * can return different values than {@link android.view.View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_LTR} * based on the locale etc. * <li> {@link android.webkit.WebView#addJavascriptInterface(Object, String) * WebView.addJavascriptInterface} requires explicit annotations on methods * for them to be accessible from Javascript. * </ul> */ public static final int JELLY_BEAN_MR1 = 17; /** * July 2013: Android 4.3, the revenge of the beans. */ public static final int JELLY_BEAN_MR2 = 18; /** * October 2013: Android 4.4, KitKat, another tasty treat. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see the * <a href="/about/versions/kitkat/">Android KitKat overview</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li> The default result of * {@link android.preference.PreferenceActivity#isValidFragment(String) * PreferenceActivity.isValueFragment} becomes false instead of true.</li> * <li> In {@link android.webkit.WebView}, apps targeting earlier versions will have * JS URLs evaluated directly and any result of the evaluation will not replace * the current page content. Apps targetting KITKAT or later that load a JS URL will * have the result of that URL replace the content of the current page</li> * <li> {@link android.app.AlarmManager#set AlarmManager.set} becomes interpreted as * an inexact value, to give the system more flexibility in scheduling alarms.</li> * <li> {@link android.content.Context#getSharedPreferences(String, int) * Context.getSharedPreferences} no longer allows a null name.</li> * <li> {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} changes to compute wrapped content * margins correctly.</li> * <li> {@link android.app.ActionBar}'s window content overlay is allowed to be * drawn.</li> * <li>The {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} * permission is now always enforced.</li> * <li>Access to package-specific external storage directories belonging * to the calling app no longer requires the * {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} or * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} * permissions.</li> * </ul> */ public static final int KITKAT = 19; /** * June 2014: Android 4.4W. KitKat for watches, snacks on the run. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior:</p> * <ul> * <li>{@link android.app.AlertDialog} might not have a default background if the theme does * not specify one.</li> * </ul> */ public static final int KITKAT_WATCH = 20; /** * Temporary until we completely switch to {@link #LOLLIPOP}. * @hide */ public static final int L = 21; /** * November 2014: Lollipop. A flat one with beautiful shadows. But still tasty. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see the * <a href="/about/versions/lollipop/">Android Lollipop overview</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li> {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService} now * requires an explicit Intent, and will throw an exception if given an implicit * Intent.</li> * <li> {@link android.app.Notification.Builder Notification.Builder} will * not have the colors of their various notification elements adjusted to better * match the new material design look.</li> * <li> {@link android.os.Message} will validate that a message is not currently * in use when it is recycled.</li> * <li> Hardware accelerated drawing in windows will be enabled automatically * in most places.</li> * <li> {@link android.widget.Spinner} throws an exception if attaching an * adapter with more than one item type.</li> * <li> If the app is a launcher, the launcher will be available to the user * even when they are using corporate profiles (which requires that the app * use {@link android.content.pm.LauncherApps} to correctly populate its * apps UI).</li> * <li> Calling {@link android.app.Service#stopForeground Service.stopForeground} * with removeNotification false will modify the still posted notification so that * it is no longer forced to be ongoing.</li> * <li> A {@link android.service.dreams.DreamService} must require the * {@link android.Manifest.permission#BIND_DREAM_SERVICE} permission to be usable.</li> * </ul> */ public static final int LOLLIPOP = 21; /** * March 2015: Lollipop with an extra sugar coating on the outside! * For more information about this release, see the * <a href="/about/versions/android-5.1">Android 5.1 APIs</a>. */ public static final int LOLLIPOP_MR1 = 22; /** * M is for Marshmallow! * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see the * <a href="/about/versions/marshmallow/">Android 6.0 Marshmallow overview</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li> Runtime permissions. Dangerous permissions are no longer granted at * install time, but must be requested by the application at runtime through * {@link android.app.Activity#requestPermissions}.</li> * <li> Bluetooth and Wi-Fi scanning now requires holding the location permission.</li> * <li> {@link android.app.AlarmManager#setTimeZone AlarmManager.setTimeZone} will fail if * the given timezone is non-Olson.</li> * <li> Activity transitions will only return shared * elements mapped in the returned view hierarchy back to the calling activity.</li> * <li> {@link android.view.View} allows a number of behaviors that may break * existing apps: Canvas throws an exception if restore() is called too many times, * widgets may return a hint size when returning UNSPECIFIED measure specs, and it * will respect the attributes {@link android.R.attr#foreground}, * {@link android.R.attr#foregroundGravity}, {@link android.R.attr#foregroundTint}, and * {@link android.R.attr#foregroundTintMode}.</li> * <li> {@link android.view.MotionEvent#getButtonState MotionEvent.getButtonState} * will no longer report {@link android.view.MotionEvent#BUTTON_PRIMARY} * and {@link android.view.MotionEvent#BUTTON_SECONDARY} as synonyms for * {@link android.view.MotionEvent#BUTTON_STYLUS_PRIMARY} and * {@link android.view.MotionEvent#BUTTON_STYLUS_SECONDARY}.</li> * <li> {@link android.widget.ScrollView} now respects the layout param margins * when measuring.</li> * </ul> */ public static final int M = 23; /** * N is for Nougat. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see * the <a href="/about/versions/nougat/">Android Nougat overview</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li> {@link android.app.DownloadManager.Request#setAllowedNetworkTypes * DownloadManager.Request.setAllowedNetworkTypes} * will disable "allow over metered" when specifying only * {@link android.app.DownloadManager.Request#NETWORK_WIFI}.</li> * <li> {@link android.app.DownloadManager} no longer allows access to raw * file paths.</li> * <li> {@link android.app.Notification.Builder#setShowWhen * Notification.Builder.setShowWhen} * must be called explicitly to have the time shown, and various other changes in * {@link android.app.Notification.Builder Notification.Builder} to how notifications * are shown.</li> * <li>{@link android.content.Context#MODE_WORLD_READABLE} and * {@link android.content.Context#MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE} are no longer supported.</li> * <li>{@link android.os.FileUriExposedException} will be thrown to applications.</li> * <li>Applications will see global drag and drops as per * {@link android.view.View#DRAG_FLAG_GLOBAL}.</li> * <li>{@link android.webkit.WebView#evaluateJavascript WebView.evaluateJavascript} * will not persist state from an empty WebView.</li> * <li>{@link android.animation.AnimatorSet} will not ignore calls to end() before * start().</li> * <li>{@link android.app.AlarmManager#cancel(android.app.PendingIntent) * AlarmManager.cancel} will throw a NullPointerException if given a null operation.</li> * <li>{@link android.app.FragmentManager} will ensure fragments have been created * before being placed on the back stack.</li> * <li>{@link android.app.FragmentManager} restores fragments in * {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate Fragment.onCreate} rather than after the * method returns.</li> * <li>{@link android.R.attr#resizeableActivity} defaults to true.</li> * <li>{@link android.graphics.drawable.AnimatedVectorDrawable} throws exceptions when * opening invalid VectorDrawable animations.</li> * <li>{@link android.view.ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams} will no longer be dropped * when converting between some types of layout params (such as * {@link android.widget.LinearLayout.LayoutParams LinearLayout.LayoutParams} to * {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout.LayoutParams RelativeLayout.LayoutParams}).</li> * <li>Your application processes will not be killed when the device density changes.</li> * <li>Drag and drop. After a view receives the * {@link android.view.DragEvent#ACTION_DRAG_ENTERED} event, when the drag shadow moves into * a descendant view that can accept the data, the view receives the * {@link android.view.DragEvent#ACTION_DRAG_EXITED} event and wont receive * {@link android.view.DragEvent#ACTION_DRAG_LOCATION} and * {@link android.view.DragEvent#ACTION_DROP} events while the drag shadow is within that * descendant view, even if the descendant view returns <code>false</code> from its handler * for these events.</li> * </ul> */ public static final int N = 24; /** * N MR1: Nougat++. For more information about this release, see * <a href="/about/versions/nougat/android-7.1">Android 7.1 for * Developers</a>. */ public static final int N_MR1 = 25; /** * O. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see * the <a href="/about/versions/oreo/">Android Oreo overview</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li><a href="{@docRoot}about/versions/oreo/background.html">Background execution limits</a> * are applied to the application.</li> * <li>The behavior of AccountManager's * {@link android.accounts.AccountManager#getAccountsByType}, * {@link android.accounts.AccountManager#getAccountsByTypeAndFeatures}, and * {@link android.accounts.AccountManager#hasFeatures} has changed as documented there.</li> * <li>{@link android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo#IMPORTANCE_PERCEPTIBLE_PRE_26} * is now returned as * {@link android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo#IMPORTANCE_PERCEPTIBLE}.</li> * <li>The {@link android.app.NotificationManager} now requires the use of notification * channels.</li> * <li>Changes to the strict mode that are set in * {@link Application#onCreate Application.onCreate} will no longer be clobbered after * that function returns.</li> * <li>A shared library apk with native code will have that native code included in * the library path of its clients.</li> * <li>{@link android.content.Context#getSharedPreferences Context.getSharedPreferences} * in credential encrypted storage will throw an exception before the user is unlocked.</li> * <li>Attempting to retrieve a {@link Context#FINGERPRINT_SERVICE} on a device that * does not support that feature will now throw a runtime exception.</li> * <li>{@link android.app.Fragment} will stop any active view animations when * the fragment is stopped.</li> * <li>Some compatibility code in Resources that attempts to use the default Theme * the app may be using will be turned off, requiring the app to explicitly request * resources with the right theme.</li> * <li>{@link android.content.ContentResolver#notifyChange ContentResolver.notifyChange} and * {@link android.content.ContentResolver#registerContentObserver * ContentResolver.registerContentObserver} * will throw a SecurityException if the caller does not have permission to access * the provider (or the provider doesn't exit); otherwise the call will be silently * ignored.</li> * <li>{@link android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice#createCaptureRequest * CameraDevice.createCaptureRequest} will enable * {@link android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest#CONTROL_ENABLE_ZSL} by default for * still image capture.</li> * <li>WallpaperManager's {@link android.app.WallpaperManager#getWallpaperFile}, * {@link android.app.WallpaperManager#getDrawable}, * {@link android.app.WallpaperManager#getFastDrawable}, * {@link android.app.WallpaperManager#peekDrawable}, and * {@link android.app.WallpaperManager#peekFastDrawable} will throw an exception * if you can not access the wallpaper.</li> * <li>The behavior of * {@link android.hardware.usb.UsbDeviceConnection#requestWait UsbDeviceConnection.requestWait} * is modified as per the documentation there.</li> * <li>{@link StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder#detectAll StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder.detectAll} * will also enable {@link StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder#detectContentUriWithoutPermission} * and {@link StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder#detectUntaggedSockets}.</li> * <li>{@link StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder#detectAll StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder.detectAll} * will also enable {@link StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder#detectUnbufferedIo}.</li> * <li>{@link android.provider.DocumentsContract}'s various methods will throw failure * exceptions back to the caller instead of returning null. * <li>{@link View#hasFocusable View.hasFocusable} now includes auto-focusable views.</li> * <li>{@link android.view.SurfaceView} will no longer always change the underlying * Surface object when something about it changes; apps need to look at the current * state of the object to determine which things they are interested in have changed.</li> * <li>{@link android.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams#TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY} must be * used for overlay windows, other system overlay window types are not allowed.</li> * <li>{@link android.view.ViewTreeObserver#addOnDrawListener * ViewTreeObserver.addOnDrawListener} will throw an exception if called from within * onDraw.</li> * <li>{@link android.graphics.Canvas#setBitmap Canvas.setBitmap} will no longer preserve * the current matrix and clip stack of the canvas.</li> * <li>{@link android.widget.ListPopupWindow#setHeight ListPopupWindow.setHeight} * will throw an exception if a negative height is supplied.</li> * <li>{@link android.widget.TextView} will use internationalized input for numbers, * dates, and times.</li> * <li>{@link android.widget.Toast} must be used for showing toast windows; the toast * window type can not be directly used.</li> * <li>{@link android.net.wifi.WifiManager#getConnectionInfo WifiManager.getConnectionInfo} * requires that the caller hold the location permission to return BSSID/SSID</li> * <li>{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#requestPeers WifiP2pManager.requestPeers} * requires the caller hold the location permission.</li> * <li>{@link android.R.attr#maxAspectRatio} defaults to 0, meaning there is no restriction * on the app's maximum aspect ratio (so it can be stretched to fill larger screens).</li> * <li>{@link android.R.attr#focusable} defaults to a new state ({@code auto}) where it will * inherit the value of {@link android.R.attr#clickable} unless explicitly overridden.</li> * <li>A default theme-appropriate focus-state highlight will be supplied to all Views * which don't provide a focus-state drawable themselves. This can be disabled by setting * {@link android.R.attr#defaultFocusHighlightEnabled} to false.</li> * </ul> */ public static final int O = 26; /** * O MR1. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see * <a href="/about/versions/oreo/android-8.1">Android 8.1 features and * APIs</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li>Apps exporting and linking to apk shared libraries must explicitly * enumerate all signing certificates in a consistent order.</li> * <li>{@link android.R.attr#screenOrientation} can not be used to request a fixed * orientation if the associated activity is not fullscreen and opaque.</li> * </ul> * */ public static final int O_MR1 = 27; /** * P. * * <p>Applications targeting this or a later release will get these * new changes in behavior. For more information about this release, see the * <a href="/about/versions/pie/">Android 9 Pie overview</a>.</p> * <ul> * <li>{@link android.app.Service#startForeground Service.startForeground} requires * that apps hold the permission * {@link android.Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE}.</li> * <li>{@link android.widget.LinearLayout} will always remeasure weighted children, * even if there is no excess space.</li> * </ul> * */ public static final int P = 28; /** * Q. * <p> * <em>Why? Why, to give you a taste of your future, a preview of things * to come. Con permiso, Capitan. The hall is rented, the orchestra * engaged. It's now time to see if you can dance.</em> */ public static final int Q = CUR_DEVELOPMENT; } /** The type of build, like "user" or "eng". */ public static final String TYPE = getString("ro.build.type"); /** Comma-separated tags describing the build, like "unsigned,debug". */ public static final String TAGS = getString("ro.build.tags"); /** A string that uniquely identifies this build. Do not attempt to parse this value. */ public static final String FINGERPRINT = deriveFingerprint(); /** * Some devices split the fingerprint components between multiple * partitions, so we might derive the fingerprint at runtime. */ private static String deriveFingerprint() { String finger = SystemProperties.get("ro.build.fingerprint"); if (TextUtils.isEmpty(finger)) { finger = getString("ro.product.brand") + '/' + getString("ro.product.name") + '/' + getString("ro.product.device") + ':' + getString("ro.build.version.release") + '/' + getString("ro.build.id") + '/' + getString("ro.build.version.incremental") + ':' + getString("ro.build.type") + '/' + getString("ro.build.tags"); } return finger; } /** * Ensure that raw fingerprint system property is defined. If it was derived * dynamically by {@link #deriveFingerprint()} this is where we push the * derived value into the property service. * * @hide */ public static void ensureFingerprintProperty() { if (TextUtils.isEmpty(SystemProperties.get("ro.build.fingerprint"))) { try { SystemProperties.set("ro.build.fingerprint", FINGERPRINT); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to set fingerprint property", e); } } } /** * True if Treble is enabled and required for this device. * * @hide */ public static final boolean IS_TREBLE_ENABLED = SystemProperties.getBoolean("ro.treble.enabled", false); /** * Verifies the current flash of the device is consistent with what * was expected at build time. * * Treble devices will verify the Vendor Interface (VINTF). A device * launched without Treble: * * 1) Checks that device fingerprint is defined and that it matches across * various partitions. * 2) Verifies radio and bootloader partitions are those expected in the build. * * @hide */ public static boolean isBuildConsistent() { // Don't care on eng builds. Incremental build may trigger false negative. if (IS_ENG) return true; if (IS_TREBLE_ENABLED) { // If we can run this code, the device should already pass AVB. // So, we don't need to check AVB here. int result = VintfObject.verifyWithoutAvb(); if (result != 0) { Slog.e(TAG, "Vendor interface is incompatible, error=" + String.valueOf(result)); } return result == 0; } final String system = SystemProperties.get("ro.build.fingerprint"); final String vendor = SystemProperties.get("ro.vendor.build.fingerprint"); final String bootimage = SystemProperties.get("ro.bootimage.build.fingerprint"); final String requiredBootloader = SystemProperties.get("ro.build.expect.bootloader"); final String currentBootloader = SystemProperties.get("ro.bootloader"); final String requiredRadio = SystemProperties.get("ro.build.expect.baseband"); final String currentRadio = SystemProperties.get("gsm.version.baseband"); if (TextUtils.isEmpty(system)) { Slog.e(TAG, "Required ro.build.fingerprint is empty!"); return false; } if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(vendor)) { if (!Objects.equals(system, vendor)) { Slog.e(TAG, "Mismatched fingerprints; system reported " + system + " but vendor reported " + vendor); return false; } } /* TODO: Figure out issue with checks failing if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(bootimage)) { if (!Objects.equals(system, bootimage)) { Slog.e(TAG, "Mismatched fingerprints; system reported " + system + " but bootimage reported " + bootimage); return false; } } if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(requiredBootloader)) { if (!Objects.equals(currentBootloader, requiredBootloader)) { Slog.e(TAG, "Mismatched bootloader version: build requires " + requiredBootloader + " but runtime reports " + currentBootloader); return false; } } if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(requiredRadio)) { if (!Objects.equals(currentRadio, requiredRadio)) { Slog.e(TAG, "Mismatched radio version: build requires " + requiredRadio + " but runtime reports " + currentRadio); return false; } } */ return true; } // The following properties only make sense for internal engineering builds. public static final long TIME = getLong("ro.build.date.utc") * 1000; public static final String USER = getString("ro.build.user"); public static final String HOST = getString("ro.build.host"); /** * Returns true if we are running a debug build such as "user-debug" or "eng". * @hide */ @UnsupportedAppUsage public static final boolean IS_DEBUGGABLE = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.debuggable", 0) == 1; /** {@hide} */ public static final boolean IS_ENG = "eng".equals(TYPE); /** {@hide} */ public static final boolean IS_USERDEBUG = "userdebug".equals(TYPE); /** {@hide} */ public static final boolean IS_USER = "user".equals(TYPE); /** * Whether this build is running inside a container. * * We should try to avoid checking this flag if possible to minimize * unnecessarily diverging from non-container Android behavior. * Checking this flag is acceptable when low-level resources being * different, e.g. the availability of certain capabilities, access to * system resources being restricted, and the fact that the host OS might * handle some features for us. * For higher-level behavior differences, other checks should be preferred. * @hide */ public static final boolean IS_CONTAINER = SystemProperties.getBoolean("ro.boot.container", false); /** * Specifies whether the permissions needed by a legacy app should be * reviewed before any of its components can run. A legacy app is one * with targetSdkVersion < 23, i.e apps using the old permission model. * If review is not required, permissions are reviewed before the app * is installed. * * @hide * @removed */ @SystemApi public static final boolean PERMISSIONS_REVIEW_REQUIRED = SystemProperties .getInt("ro.permission_review_required", 0) == 1; /** * Returns the version string for the radio firmware. May return * null (if, for instance, the radio is not currently on). */ public static String getRadioVersion() { String propVal = SystemProperties.get(TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_BASEBAND_VERSION); return TextUtils.isEmpty(propVal) ? null : propVal; } @UnsupportedAppUsage private static String getString(String property) { return SystemProperties.get(property, UNKNOWN); } private static String[] getStringList(String property, String separator) { String value = SystemProperties.get(property); if (value.isEmpty()) { return new String[0]; } else { return value.split(separator); } } @UnsupportedAppUsage private static long getLong(String property) { try { return Long.parseLong(SystemProperties.get(property)); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { return -1; } } }