Java tutorial
/* Essential Java 3D Fast Ian Palmer Publisher: Springer-Verlag ISBN: 1-85233-394-4 */ import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Button; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Panel; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight; import javax.media.j3d.GeometryArray; import javax.media.j3d.IndexedQuadArray; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.Material; import javax.media.j3d.Morph; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.AxisAngle4d; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; /** * This uses a Morph object to animate a shape between two key shapes: a cube * and a pyramid. Buttons are used to change the weight values. * * @author I.J.Palmer * @version 1.0 */ public class SimpleMorph extends Frame implements ActionListener { protected Canvas3D myCanvas3D = new Canvas3D(null); /** The button that will animate towards the cube key shape */ protected Button cubeButton = new Button("Cube"); /** The button that will animate towards the pyramid key shape */ protected Button pyraButton = new Button("Pyramid"); /** The exit button */ protected Button exitButton = new Button("Exit"); /** This performs the animation */ protected Morph myMorph; /** The weight values for the morph */ protected double[] weights = { 0.5, 0.5 }; /** * Build the view branch of the scene graph * * @return BranchGroup that is the root of the view branch */ protected BranchGroup buildViewBranch(Canvas3D c) { BranchGroup viewBranch = new BranchGroup(); Transform3D viewXfm = new Transform3D(); viewXfm.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f)); TransformGroup viewXfmGroup = new TransformGroup(viewXfm); ViewPlatform myViewPlatform = new ViewPlatform(); PhysicalBody myBody = new PhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment myEnvironment = new PhysicalEnvironment(); viewXfmGroup.addChild(myViewPlatform); viewBranch.addChild(viewXfmGroup); View myView = new View(); myView.addCanvas3D(c); myView.attachViewPlatform(myViewPlatform); myView.setPhysicalBody(myBody); myView.setPhysicalEnvironment(myEnvironment); return viewBranch; } /** * Add some lights to the scene graph * * @param b * BranchGroup that the lights are added to */ protected void addLights(BranchGroup b) { BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); Color3f ambLightColour = new Color3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); AmbientLight ambLight = new AmbientLight(ambLightColour); ambLight.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); Color3f dirLightColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); Vector3f dirLightDir = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); DirectionalLight dirLight = new DirectionalLight(dirLightColour, dirLightDir); dirLight.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); b.addChild(ambLight); b.addChild(dirLight); } /** * Create the Morph from the given shapes * * @param theShapes * GeometryArray that stores the shapes for the Morph * @param app * Appearnce used for the shapes * @return Morph that uses the given shapes */ protected Morph createMorph(GeometryArray[] theShapes, Appearance app) { //Create the morph from the given shapes and appearance myMorph = new Morph(theShapes, app); //Set the weights myMorph.setWeights(weights); //Set the capabilities so that we can read and write the weights myMorph.setCapability(Morph.ALLOW_WEIGHTS_READ); myMorph.setCapability(Morph.ALLOW_WEIGHTS_WRITE); return myMorph; } /** * Build the content branch for the scene graph * * @return BranchGroup that is the root of the content */ protected BranchGroup buildContentBranch() { //Create the appearance object Appearance app = new Appearance(); Color3f ambientColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Color3f emissiveColour = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Color3f specularColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); Color3f diffuseColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); float shininess = 20.0f; app.setMaterial(new Material(ambientColour, emissiveColour, diffuseColour, specularColour, shininess)); //Make the cube key shape IndexedQuadArray indexedCube = new IndexedQuadArray(8, IndexedQuadArray.COORDINATES | IndexedQuadArray.NORMALS, 24); Point3f[] cubeCoordinates = { new Point3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), new Point3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), new Point3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), new Point3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), new Point3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f), new Point3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f), new Point3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f), new Point3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f) }; Vector3f[] cubeNormals = { new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f), new Vector3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f) }; int cubeCoordIndices[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 5, 4, 0, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 1, 6, 7, 3, 2 }; int cubeNormalIndices[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5 }; indexedCube.setCoordinates(0, cubeCoordinates); indexedCube.setNormals(0, cubeNormals); indexedCube.setCoordinateIndices(0, cubeCoordIndices); indexedCube.setNormalIndices(0, cubeNormalIndices); //Make the pyramid key shape. Although this needs //only five vertices to create the desired shape, we //need to use six vertices so that it has the same //number as the cube. IndexedQuadArray indexedPyramid = new IndexedQuadArray(8, IndexedQuadArray.COORDINATES | IndexedQuadArray.NORMALS, 24); Point3f[] pyramidCoordinates = { new Point3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Point3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Point3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), new Point3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), new Point3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Point3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Point3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f), new Point3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f) }; Vector3f[] pyramidNormals = { new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f), new Vector3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f) }; int pyramidCoordIndices[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 5, 4, 0, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 1, 6, 7, 3, 2 }; int pyramidNormalIndices[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5 }; indexedPyramid.setCoordinates(0, pyramidCoordinates); indexedPyramid.setNormals(0, pyramidNormals); indexedPyramid.setCoordinateIndices(0, pyramidCoordIndices); indexedPyramid.setNormalIndices(0, pyramidNormalIndices); //Set the contents of the array to the two shapes GeometryArray[] theShapes = new GeometryArray[2]; theShapes[0] = indexedCube; theShapes[1] = indexedPyramid; BranchGroup contentBranch = new BranchGroup(); //Create a transform to rotate the shape slightly Transform3D rotateCube = new Transform3D(); rotateCube.set(new AxisAngle4d(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, Math.PI / 4.0)); TransformGroup rotationGroup = new TransformGroup(rotateCube); contentBranch.addChild(rotationGroup); addLights(contentBranch); //Call the function to build the morph rotationGroup.addChild(createMorph(theShapes, app)); return contentBranch; } /** * Process the actions from the buttons. The two shape buttons change the * geometry so that it is nearer to its corresponding key shape. * * @param e * ActionEvent to be processed */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //If its the exit button, quit the program if (e.getSource() == exitButton) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } //If its the cube button, increase the weight //associated with the cube key shape and reduce //the other. else if (e.getSource() == cubeButton) { if (weights[0] <= 0.9) { weights[0] += 0.1; weights[1] -= 0.1; myMorph.setWeights(weights); } } //If its the pyramid button, increase the weight //associated with the pyramid key shape and reduce //the cube weight else if (e.getSource() == pyraButton) { if (weights[1] <= 0.9) { weights[0] -= 0.1; weights[1] += 0.1; myMorph.setWeights(weights); } } } /** * Constructor that generates the content using the class methods */ public SimpleMorph() { VirtualUniverse myUniverse = new VirtualUniverse(); Locale myLocale = new Locale(myUniverse); myLocale.addBranchGraph(buildViewBranch(myCanvas3D)); myLocale.addBranchGraph(buildContentBranch()); setTitle("SimpleMorph"); setSize(400, 400); setLayout(new BorderLayout()); Panel bottom = new Panel(); bottom.add(pyraButton); bottom.add(cubeButton); bottom.add(exitButton); add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myCanvas3D); add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, bottom); pyraButton.addActionListener(this); cubeButton.addActionListener(this); exitButton.addActionListener(this); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { SimpleMorph sw = new SimpleMorph(); } }