Java tutorial
/* * %Z%%M% %I% %E% %U% * * ************************************************************** "Copyright (c) * 2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * -Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this * list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * -Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation * and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of contributors may * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without * specific prior written permission. * * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY * IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR * NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING * OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS * LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT, * INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER * CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF * OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY * OF SUCH DAMAGES. * * You acknowledge that Software is not designed,licensed or intended for use in * the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear facility." * * *************************************************************************** */ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration; import java.awt.GridBagLayout; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.Point; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.text.NumberFormat; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.EventListener; import java.util.EventObject; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.Vector; import javax.media.j3d.Alpha; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.Background; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.ColoringAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.ImageComponent; import javax.media.j3d.ImageComponent2D; import javax.media.j3d.PolygonAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Screen3D; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.swing.Box; import javax.swing.BoxLayout; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JSlider; import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent; import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener; import javax.vecmath.AxisAngle4f; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGEncodeParam; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Sphere; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform; public class PolygonOffset extends Applet implements Java3DExplorerConstants { SimpleUniverse u; boolean isApplication; Canvas3D canvas; OffScreenCanvas3D offScreenCanvas; View view; PolygonAttributes solidPa; PolygonAttributes wirePa; float dynamicOffset = 1.0f; float staticOffset = 1.0f; ViewingPlatform viewingPlatform; float innerScale = 0.94f; TransformGroup innerTG; Transform3D scale; float sphereRadius = 0.9f; String outFileBase = "offset"; int outFileSeq = 0; float offScreenScale = 1.0f; public BranchGroup createSceneGraph() { // Create the root of the branch graph BranchGroup objRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Create the transform group node and initialize it to the // identity. Enable the TRANSFORM_WRITE capability so that // our behavior code can modify it at runtime. Add it to the // root of the subgraph. TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(); objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); objRoot.addChild(objTrans); // Create a Sphere. We will display this as both wireframe and // solid to make a hidden line display // wireframe Appearance wireApp = new Appearance(); ColoringAttributes wireCa = new ColoringAttributes(); wireCa.setColor(black); wireApp.setColoringAttributes(wireCa); wirePa = new PolygonAttributes(PolygonAttributes.POLYGON_LINE, PolygonAttributes.CULL_BACK, 0.0f); wireApp.setPolygonAttributes(wirePa); Sphere outWireSphere = new Sphere(sphereRadius, 0, 15, wireApp); objTrans.addChild(outWireSphere); // solid ColoringAttributes outCa = new ColoringAttributes(red, ColoringAttributes.SHADE_FLAT); Appearance outSolid = new Appearance(); outSolid.setColoringAttributes(outCa); solidPa = new PolygonAttributes(PolygonAttributes.POLYGON_FILL, PolygonAttributes.CULL_BACK, 0.0f); solidPa.setPolygonOffsetFactor(dynamicOffset); solidPa.setPolygonOffset(staticOffset); solidPa.setCapability(PolygonAttributes.ALLOW_OFFSET_WRITE); outSolid.setPolygonAttributes(solidPa); Sphere outSolidSphere = new Sphere(sphereRadius, 0, 15, outSolid); objTrans.addChild(outSolidSphere); innerTG = new TransformGroup(); innerTG.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); scale = new Transform3D(); updateInnerScale(); objTrans.addChild(innerTG); // Create a smaller sphere to go inside. This sphere has a different // tesselation and color Sphere inWireSphere = new Sphere(sphereRadius, 0, 10, wireApp); innerTG.addChild(inWireSphere); // inside solid ColoringAttributes inCa = new ColoringAttributes(blue, ColoringAttributes.SHADE_FLAT); Appearance inSolid = new Appearance(); inSolid.setColoringAttributes(inCa); inSolid.setPolygonAttributes(solidPa); Sphere inSolidSphere = new Sphere(sphereRadius, 0, 10, inSolid); innerTG.addChild(inSolidSphere); // Create a new Behavior object that will perform the desired // operation on the specified transform object and add it into // the scene graph. AxisAngle4f axisAngle = new AxisAngle4f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -(float) Math.PI / 2.0f); Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 80000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha, objTrans, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); objTrans.addChild(rotator); // set up a white background Background bgWhite = new Background(new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); bgWhite.setApplicationBounds(bounds); objTrans.addChild(bgWhite); // Have Java 3D perform optimizations on this scene graph. objRoot.compile(); return objRoot; } void updateInnerScale() { scale.set(innerScale); innerTG.setTransform(scale); } public PolygonOffset() { this(false); } public PolygonOffset(boolean isApplication) { this.isApplication = isApplication; } public void init() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); GraphicsConfiguration config = SimpleUniverse.getPreferredConfiguration(); JPanel canvasPanel = new JPanel(); GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout(); canvasPanel.setLayout(gridbag); canvas = new Canvas3D(config); canvas.setSize(600, 600); add(canvas, BorderLayout.CENTER); u = new SimpleUniverse(canvas); if (isApplication) { offScreenCanvas = new OffScreenCanvas3D(config, true); // set the size of the off-screen canvas based on a scale // of the on-screen size Screen3D sOn = canvas.getScreen3D(); Screen3D sOff = offScreenCanvas.getScreen3D(); Dimension dim = sOn.getSize(); dim.width *= offScreenScale; dim.height *= offScreenScale; sOff.setSize(dim); sOff.setPhysicalScreenWidth(sOn.getPhysicalScreenWidth() * offScreenScale); sOff.setPhysicalScreenHeight(sOn.getPhysicalScreenHeight() * offScreenScale); // attach the offscreen canvas to the view u.getViewer().getView().addCanvas3D(offScreenCanvas); } // Create a simple scene and attach it to the virtual universe BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph(); // set the eye at z = 2.0 viewingPlatform = u.getViewingPlatform(); Transform3D vpTrans = new Transform3D(); vpTrans.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f)); viewingPlatform.getViewPlatformTransform().setTransform(vpTrans); // set up a parallel projection with clip limits at 1 and -1 view = u.getViewer().getView(); view.setProjectionPolicy(View.PARALLEL_PROJECTION); view.setFrontClipPolicy(View.VIRTUAL_EYE); view.setBackClipPolicy(View.VIRTUAL_EYE); view.setFrontClipDistance(1.0f); view.setBackClipDistance(3.0f); u.addBranchGraph(scene); // set up the sliders JPanel guiPanel = new JPanel(); guiPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1)); FloatLabelJSlider dynamicSlider = new FloatLabelJSlider("Dynamic Offset", 0.1f, 0.0f, 2.0f, dynamicOffset); dynamicSlider.addFloatListener(new FloatListener() { public void floatChanged(FloatEvent e) { dynamicOffset = e.getValue(); solidPa.setPolygonOffsetFactor(dynamicOffset); } }); guiPanel.add(dynamicSlider); LogFloatLabelJSlider staticSlider = new LogFloatLabelJSlider("Static Offset", 0.1f, 10000.0f, staticOffset); staticSlider.addFloatListener(new FloatListener() { public void floatChanged(FloatEvent e) { staticOffset = e.getValue(); solidPa.setPolygonOffset(staticOffset); } }); guiPanel.add(staticSlider); FloatLabelJSlider innerSphereSlider = new FloatLabelJSlider("Inner Sphere Scale", 0.001f, 0.90f, 1.0f, innerScale); innerSphereSlider.addFloatListener(new FloatListener() { public void floatChanged(FloatEvent e) { innerScale = e.getValue(); updateInnerScale(); } }); guiPanel.add(innerSphereSlider); if (isApplication) { JButton snapButton = new JButton("Snap Image"); snapButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Point loc = canvas.getLocationOnScreen(); offScreenCanvas.setOffScreenLocation(loc); Dimension dim = canvas.getSize(); dim.width *= offScreenScale; dim.height *= offScreenScale; nf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(3); offScreenCanvas.snapImageFile(outFileBase + nf.format(outFileSeq++), dim.width, dim.height); nf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(0); } }); guiPanel.add(snapButton); } add(guiPanel, BorderLayout.EAST); } public void destroy() { u.removeAllLocales(); } // // The following allows PolygonOffset to be run as an application // as well as an applet // public static void main(String[] args) { new MainFrame(new PolygonOffset(true), 950, 600); } } interface Java3DExplorerConstants { // colors static Color3f black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); static Color3f red = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); static Color3f green = new Color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); static Color3f blue = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); static Color3f skyBlue = new Color3f(0.6f, 0.7f, 0.9f); static Color3f cyan = new Color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); static Color3f magenta = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); static Color3f yellow = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); static Color3f brightWhite = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.5f, 1.5f); static Color3f white = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); static Color3f darkGrey = new Color3f(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f); static Color3f medGrey = new Color3f(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f); static Color3f grey = new Color3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); static Color3f lightGrey = new Color3f(0.75f, 0.75f, 0.75f); // infinite bounding region, used to make env nodes active everywhere BoundingSphere infiniteBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(), Double.MAX_VALUE); // common values static final String nicestString = "NICEST"; static final String fastestString = "FASTEST"; static final String antiAliasString = "Anti-Aliasing"; static final String noneString = "NONE"; // light type constants static int LIGHT_AMBIENT = 1; static int LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL = 2; static int LIGHT_POSITIONAL = 3; static int LIGHT_SPOT = 4; // screen capture constants static final int USE_COLOR = 1; static final int USE_BLACK_AND_WHITE = 2; // number formatter NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(); } class OffScreenCanvas3D extends Canvas3D { OffScreenCanvas3D(GraphicsConfiguration graphicsConfiguration, boolean offScreen) { super(graphicsConfiguration, offScreen); } private BufferedImage doRender(int width, int height) { BufferedImage bImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); ImageComponent2D buffer = new ImageComponent2D(ImageComponent.FORMAT_RGB, bImage); //buffer.setYUp(true); setOffScreenBuffer(buffer); renderOffScreenBuffer(); waitForOffScreenRendering(); bImage = getOffScreenBuffer().getImage(); return bImage; } void snapImageFile(String filename, int width, int height) { BufferedImage bImage = doRender(width, height); /* * JAI: RenderedImage fImage = JAI.create("format", bImage, * DataBuffer.TYPE_BYTE); JAI.create("filestore", fImage, filename + * ".tif", "tiff", null); */ /* No JAI: */ try { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename + ".jpg"); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos); JPEGImageEncoder jie = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(bos); JPEGEncodeParam param = jie.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam(bImage); param.setQuality(1.0f, true); jie.setJPEGEncodeParam(param); jie.encode(bImage); bos.flush(); fos.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } class FloatLabelJSlider extends JPanel implements ChangeListener, Java3DExplorerConstants { JSlider slider; JLabel valueLabel; Vector listeners = new Vector(); float min, max, resolution, current, scale; int minInt, maxInt, curInt;; int intDigits, fractDigits; float minResolution = 0.001f; // default slider with name, resolution = 0.1, min = 0.0, max = 1.0 inital // 0.5 FloatLabelJSlider(String name) { this(name, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f); } FloatLabelJSlider(String name, float resolution, float min, float max, float current) { this.resolution = resolution; this.min = min; this.max = max; this.current = current; if (resolution < minResolution) { resolution = minResolution; } // round scale to nearest integer fraction. i.e. 0.3 => 1/3 = 0.33 scale = (float) Math.round(1.0f / resolution); resolution = 1.0f / scale; // get the integer versions of max, min, current minInt = Math.round(min * scale); maxInt = Math.round(max * scale); curInt = Math.round(current * scale); // sliders use integers, so scale our floating point value by "scale" // to make each slider "notch" be "resolution". We will scale the // value down by "scale" when we get the event. slider = new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, minInt, maxInt, curInt); slider.addChangeListener(this); valueLabel = new JLabel(" "); // set the initial value label setLabelString(); // add min and max labels to the slider Hashtable labelTable = new Hashtable(); labelTable.put(new Integer(minInt), new JLabel(nf.format(min))); labelTable.put(new Integer(maxInt), new JLabel(nf.format(max))); slider.setLabelTable(labelTable); slider.setPaintLabels(true); /* layout to align left */ setLayout(new BorderLayout()); Box box = new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); add(box, BorderLayout.WEST); box.add(new JLabel(name)); box.add(slider); box.add(valueLabel); } public void setMinorTickSpacing(float spacing) { int intSpacing = Math.round(spacing * scale); slider.setMinorTickSpacing(intSpacing); } public void setMajorTickSpacing(float spacing) { int intSpacing = Math.round(spacing * scale); slider.setMajorTickSpacing(intSpacing); } public void setPaintTicks(boolean paint) { slider.setPaintTicks(paint); } public void addFloatListener(FloatListener listener) { listeners.add(listener); } public void removeFloatListener(FloatListener listener) { listeners.remove(listener); } public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) { JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource(); // get the event type, set the corresponding value. // Sliders use integers, handle floating point values by scaling the // values by "scale" to allow settings at "resolution" intervals. // Divide by "scale" to get back to the real value. curInt = source.getValue(); current = curInt / scale; valueChanged(); } public void setValue(float newValue) { boolean changed = (newValue != current); current = newValue; if (changed) { valueChanged(); } } private void valueChanged() { // update the label setLabelString(); // notify the listeners FloatEvent event = new FloatEvent(this, current); for (Enumeration e = listeners.elements(); e.hasMoreElements();) { FloatListener listener = (FloatListener) e.nextElement(); listener.floatChanged(event); } } void setLabelString() { // Need to muck around to try to make sure that the width of the label // is wide enough for the largest value. Pad the string // be large enough to hold the largest value. int pad = 5; // fudge to make up for variable width fonts float maxVal = Math.max(Math.abs(min), Math.abs(max)); intDigits = Math.round((float) (Math.log(maxVal) / Math.log(10))) + pad; if (min < 0) { intDigits++; // add one for the '-' } // fractDigits is num digits of resolution for fraction. Use base 10 log // of scale, rounded up, + 2. fractDigits = (int) Math.ceil((Math.log(scale) / Math.log(10))); nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(fractDigits); nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(fractDigits); String value = nf.format(current); while (value.length() < (intDigits + fractDigits)) { value = value + " "; } valueLabel.setText(value); } } class FloatEvent extends EventObject { float value; FloatEvent(Object source, float newValue) { super(source); value = newValue; } float getValue() { return value; } } interface FloatListener extends EventListener { void floatChanged(FloatEvent e); } class LogFloatLabelJSlider extends JPanel implements ChangeListener, Java3DExplorerConstants { JSlider slider; JLabel valueLabel; Vector listeners = new Vector(); float min, max, resolution, current, scale; double minLog, maxLog, curLog; int minInt, maxInt, curInt;; int intDigits, fractDigits; NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(); float minResolution = 0.001f; double logBase = Math.log(10); // default slider with name, resolution = 0.1, min = 0.0, max = 1.0 inital // 0.5 LogFloatLabelJSlider(String name) { this(name, 0.1f, 100.0f, 10.0f); } LogFloatLabelJSlider(String name, float min, float max, float current) { this.resolution = resolution; this.min = min; this.max = max; this.current = current; if (resolution < minResolution) { resolution = minResolution; } minLog = log10(min); maxLog = log10(max); curLog = log10(current); // resolution is 100 steps from min to max scale = 100.0f; resolution = 1.0f / scale; // get the integer versions of max, min, current minInt = (int) Math.round(minLog * scale); maxInt = (int) Math.round(maxLog * scale); curInt = (int) Math.round(curLog * scale); slider = new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, minInt, maxInt, curInt); slider.addChangeListener(this); valueLabel = new JLabel(" "); // Need to muck around to make sure that the width of the label // is wide enough for the largest value. Pad the initial string // be large enough to hold the largest value. int pad = 5; // fudge to make up for variable width fonts intDigits = (int) Math.ceil(maxLog) + pad; if (min < 0) { intDigits++; // add one for the '-' } if (minLog < 0) { fractDigits = (int) Math.ceil(-minLog); } else { fractDigits = 0; } nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(fractDigits); nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(fractDigits); String value = nf.format(current); while (value.length() < (intDigits + fractDigits)) { value = value + " "; } valueLabel.setText(value); // add min and max labels to the slider Hashtable labelTable = new Hashtable(); labelTable.put(new Integer(minInt), new JLabel(nf.format(min))); labelTable.put(new Integer(maxInt), new JLabel(nf.format(max))); slider.setLabelTable(labelTable); slider.setPaintLabels(true); // layout to align left setLayout(new BorderLayout()); Box box = new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); add(box, BorderLayout.WEST); box.add(new JLabel(name)); box.add(slider); box.add(valueLabel); } public void setMinorTickSpacing(float spacing) { int intSpacing = Math.round(spacing * scale); slider.setMinorTickSpacing(intSpacing); } public void setMajorTickSpacing(float spacing) { int intSpacing = Math.round(spacing * scale); slider.setMajorTickSpacing(intSpacing); } public void setPaintTicks(boolean paint) { slider.setPaintTicks(paint); } public void addFloatListener(FloatListener listener) { listeners.add(listener); } public void removeFloatListener(FloatListener listener) { listeners.remove(listener); } public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) { JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource(); curInt = source.getValue(); curLog = curInt / scale; current = (float) exp10(curLog); valueChanged(); } public void setValue(float newValue) { boolean changed = (newValue != current); current = newValue; if (changed) { valueChanged(); } } private void valueChanged() { String value = nf.format(current); valueLabel.setText(value); // notify the listeners FloatEvent event = new FloatEvent(this, current); for (Enumeration e = listeners.elements(); e.hasMoreElements();) { FloatListener listener = (FloatListener) e.nextElement(); listener.floatChanged(event); } } double log10(double value) { return Math.log(value) / logBase; } double exp10(double value) { return Math.exp(value * logBase); } }