Java tutorial
/********************************************************** Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. **************************************************************/ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.GraphicsConfigTemplate; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.net.URL; import javax.media.j3d.Alpha; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.AudioDevice; import javax.media.j3d.Background; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.Bounds; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsConfigTemplate3D; import javax.media.j3d.Group; import javax.media.j3d.Interpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.PolygonAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.RotPosPathInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D; import javax.media.j3d.Texture; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.AxisAngle4f; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point2f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.Quat4f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.GeometryInfo; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.NormalGenerator; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Triangulator; import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader; /** * This example reads in the name of a texture image and texture coordinates * from a file and creates geometry to display the texture image mapped onto a * triangulated polygon. */ public class TextureTest extends Java3dApplet { private static int m_kWidth = 600; private static int m_kHeight = 600; public TextureTest() { initJava3d(); } protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kWidth - 5; } protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kHeight - 5; } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup(); TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(); objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); objTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ); // add an Interpolator to rotate the scene objTrans.addChild(createInterpolator(objTrans)); // process the texture input files and add the geometry objTrans.addChild(createTextureGroup("ann.txt", -5, -5, -3, false)); objTrans.addChild(createTextureGroup("daniel.txt", -5, 5, 3, false)); objTrans.addChild(createTextureGroup("ann.txt", 5, 5, 3, false)); objTrans.addChild(createTextureGroup("daniel.txt", 5, -5, -3, false)); objRoot.addChild(objTrans); return objRoot; } // creates a TransformGroup and positions it and adds // the texture geometry as a child node protected TransformGroup createTextureGroup(String szFile, double x, double y, double z, boolean bWireframe) { TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(); Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(x, y, z)); tg.setTransform(t3d); Shape3D texShape = createTextureGeometry(szFile, bWireframe); if (texShape != null) tg.addChild(texShape); return tg; } // return a Shape3D that is a triangulated texture mapped polygon // based on the texture coordinates and name of texture image in the // input file protected Shape3D createTextureGeometry(String szFile, boolean bWireframe) { // load all the texture data from the file and create the geometry // coordinates TextureGeometryInfo texInfo = createTextureCoordinates(szFile); if (texInfo == null) { System.err.println("Could not load texture info for file:" + szFile); return null; } // print some stats on the loaded file System.out.println("Loaded File: " + szFile); System.out.println(" Texture image: " + texInfo.m_szImage); System.out.println(" Texture coordinates: " + texInfo.m_TexCoordArray.length); // create an Appearance and assign a Material Appearance app = new Appearance(); PolygonAttributes polyAttribs = null; // create the PolygonAttributes and attach to the Appearance, // note that we use CULL_NONE so that the "rear" side of the geometry // is visible with the applied texture image if (bWireframe == false) polyAttribs = new PolygonAttributes(PolygonAttributes.POLYGON_FILL, PolygonAttributes.CULL_NONE, 0); else polyAttribs = new PolygonAttributes(PolygonAttributes.POLYGON_LINE, PolygonAttributes.CULL_NONE, 0); app.setPolygonAttributes(polyAttribs); // load the texture image and assign to the appearance TextureLoader texLoader = new TextureLoader(texInfo.m_szImage, Texture.RGB, this); Texture tex = texLoader.getTexture(); app.setTexture(tex); // create a GeometryInfo for the QuadArray that was populated. GeometryInfo gi = new GeometryInfo(GeometryInfo.POLYGON_ARRAY); gi.setCoordinates(texInfo.m_CoordArray); gi.setTextureCoordinates(texInfo.m_TexCoordArray); // use the triangulator utility to triangulate the polygon int[] stripCountArray = { texInfo.m_CoordArray.length }; int[] countourCountArray = { stripCountArray.length }; gi.setContourCounts(countourCountArray); gi.setStripCounts(stripCountArray); Triangulator triangulator = new Triangulator(); triangulator.triangulate(gi); // generate normal vectors for the triangles, not // strictly necessary as we are not lighting the scene // but generally useful NormalGenerator normalGenerator = new NormalGenerator(); normalGenerator.generateNormals(gi); // wrap the GeometryArray in a Shape3D and assign appearance return new Shape3D(gi.getGeometryArray(), app); } // handles the nitty-gritty details of loading the input // file and reading (in order): // - texture file image name // - size of the geometry in the X direction // - Y direction scale factor // - number of texture coordinates // - each texture coordinate (X Y) // This could all be easily accomplished using a scenegraph // loader but this simple code is included for reference. protected TextureGeometryInfo createTextureCoordinates(String szFile) { // create a simple wrapper class to package our // return values TextureGeometryInfo texInfo = new TextureGeometryInfo(); // allocate a temporary buffer to store the input file StringBuffer szBufferData = new StringBuffer(); float sizeGeometryX = 0; float factorY = 1; int nNumPoints = 0; Point2f boundsPoint = new Point2f(); try { // attach a reader to the input file FileReader fileIn = new FileReader(szFile); int nChar = 0; // read the entire file into the StringBuffer while (true) { nChar = fileIn.read(); // if we have not hit the end of file // add the character to the StringBuffer if (nChar != -1) szBufferData.append((char) nChar); else // EOF break; } // create a tokenizer to tokenize the input file at whitespace java.util.StringTokenizer tokenizer = new java.util.StringTokenizer(szBufferData.toString()); // read the name of the texture image texInfo.m_szImage = tokenizer.nextToken(); // read the size of the generated geometry in the X dimension sizeGeometryX = Float.parseFloat(tokenizer.nextToken()); // read the Y scale factor factorY = Float.parseFloat(tokenizer.nextToken()); // read the number of texture coordinates nNumPoints = Integer.parseInt(tokenizer.nextToken()); // read each texture coordinate texInfo.m_TexCoordArray = new Point2f[nNumPoints]; Point2f texPoint2f = null; for (int n = 0; n < nNumPoints; n++) { // JAVA 3D 1.2 change - the Y coordinates // have been flipped, so we have to subtract the Y coordinate // from 1 texPoint2f = new Point2f(Float.parseFloat(tokenizer.nextToken()), 1.0f - Float.parseFloat(tokenizer.nextToken())); texInfo.m_TexCoordArray[n] = texPoint2f; // keep an eye on the extents of the texture coordinates // so we can automatically center the geometry if (n == 0 || texPoint2f.x > boundsPoint.x) boundsPoint.x = texPoint2f.x; if (n == 0 || texPoint2f.y > boundsPoint.y) boundsPoint.y = texPoint2f.y; } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.toString()); return null; } // build the array of coordinates texInfo.m_CoordArray = new Point3f[nNumPoints]; for (int n = 0; n < nNumPoints; n++) { // scale and center the geometry based on the texture coordinates texInfo.m_CoordArray[n] = new Point3f( sizeGeometryX * (texInfo.m_TexCoordArray[n].x - boundsPoint.x / 2), factorY * sizeGeometryX * (texInfo.m_TexCoordArray[n].y - boundsPoint.y / 2), 0); } return texInfo; } // creates a fancy RotPosPathInterpolator to spin the scene // between various positions and rotations. protected Interpolator createInterpolator(TransformGroup objTrans) { Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); float[] knots = { 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.4f, 0.6f, 0.8f, 0.9f, 1.0f }; Quat4f[] quats = new Quat4f[9]; Point3f[] positions = new Point3f[9]; AxisAngle4f axis = new AxisAngle4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); t3d.set(axis); quats[0] = new Quat4f(0.3f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); quats[1] = new Quat4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f); quats[2] = new Quat4f(0.2f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); quats[3] = new Quat4f(0.0f, 0.2f, 1.0f, 0.0f); quats[4] = new Quat4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f); quats[5] = new Quat4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.2f); quats[6] = new Quat4f(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.0f, 0.0f); quats[7] = new Quat4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); quats[8] = quats[0]; positions[0] = new Point3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); positions[1] = new Point3f(1.0f, -2.0f, -2.0f); positions[2] = new Point3f(-2.0f, 2.0f, -3.0f); positions[3] = new Point3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -4.0f); positions[4] = new Point3f(-4.0f, -2.0f, -5.0f); positions[5] = new Point3f(2.0f, 0.3f, -6.0f); positions[6] = new Point3f(-4.0f, 0.5f, -7.0f); positions[7] = new Point3f(0.0f, -1.5f, -4.0f); positions[8] = positions[0]; Alpha alpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 10000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotPosPathInterpolator rotPosPath = new RotPosPathInterpolator(alpha, objTrans, t3d, knots, quats, positions); rotPosPath.setSchedulingBounds(createApplicationBounds()); return rotPosPath; } public static void main(String[] args) { TextureTest textureTest = new TextureTest(); textureTest.saveCommandLineArguments(args); new MainFrame(textureTest, m_kWidth, m_kHeight); } } //simple container class we use to package a return value. class TextureGeometryInfo { public String m_szImage = null; public Point2f[] m_TexCoordArray = null; public Point3f[] m_CoordArray = null; } /******************************************************************************* * Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman * * First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and * published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under * the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software * Foundation, version 2. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more * details. * * The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html * * Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite * 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. * * Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org * * If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the * authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. ******************************************************************************/ //***************************************************************************** /** * Java3dApplet * * Base class for defining a Java 3D applet. Contains some useful methods for * defining views and scenegraphs etc. * * @author Daniel Selman * @version 1.0 */ //***************************************************************************** abstract class Java3dApplet extends Applet { public static int m_kWidth = 300; public static int m_kHeight = 300; protected String[] m_szCommandLineArray = null; protected VirtualUniverse m_Universe = null; protected BranchGroup m_SceneBranchGroup = null; protected Bounds m_ApplicationBounds = null; // protected com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree m_Java3dTree = null; public Java3dApplet() { } public boolean isApplet() { try { System.getProperty("user.dir"); System.out.println("Running as Application."); return false; } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet."); return true; } public URL getWorkingDirectory() throws java.net.MalformedURLException { URL url = null; try { File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); System.out.println("Running as Application:"); System.out.println(" " + file.toURL()); return file.toURL(); } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet:"); System.out.println(" " + getCodeBase()); return getCodeBase(); } public VirtualUniverse getVirtualUniverse() { return m_Universe; } //public com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree getJ3dTree() { //return m_Java3dTree; // } public Locale getFirstLocale() { java.util.Enumeration e = m_Universe.getAllLocales(); if (e.hasMoreElements() != false) return (Locale) e.nextElement(); return null; } protected Bounds getApplicationBounds() { if (m_ApplicationBounds == null) m_ApplicationBounds = createApplicationBounds(); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Bounds createApplicationBounds() { m_ApplicationBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Background createBackground() { Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f)); back.setApplicationBounds(createApplicationBounds()); return back; } public void initJava3d() { // m_Java3dTree = new com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree(); m_Universe = createVirtualUniverse(); Locale locale = createLocale(m_Universe); BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroup(); ViewPlatform vp = createViewPlatform(); BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(getViewTransformGroupArray(), vp); createView(vp); Background background = createBackground(); if (background != null) sceneBranchGroup.addChild(background); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup); locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup); addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup); onDoneInit(); } protected void onDoneInit() { // m_Java3dTree.updateNodes(m_Universe); } protected double getScale() { return 1.0; } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); // move the camera BACK a little... // note that we have to invert the matrix as // we are moving the viewer Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setScale(getScale()); t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -20.0)); t3d.invert(); tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d); return tgArray; } protected void addViewBranchGroup(Locale locale, BranchGroup bg) { locale.addBranchGraph(bg); } protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) { return new Locale(u); } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { m_SceneBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); return m_SceneBranchGroup; } protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) { View view = new View(); PhysicalBody pb = createPhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment pe = createPhysicalEnvironment(); AudioDevice audioDevice = createAudioDevice(pe); if (audioDevice != null) { pe.setAudioDevice(audioDevice); audioDevice.initialize(); } view.setPhysicalEnvironment(pe); view.setPhysicalBody(pb); if (vp != null) view.attachViewPlatform(vp); view.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance()); view.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance()); Canvas3D c3d = createCanvas3D(); view.addCanvas3D(c3d); addCanvas3D(c3d); return view; } protected PhysicalBody createPhysicalBody() { return new PhysicalBody(); } protected AudioDevice createAudioDevice(PhysicalEnvironment pe) { JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(pe); if (javaSoundMixer == null) System.out.println("create of audiodevice failed"); return javaSoundMixer; } protected PhysicalEnvironment createPhysicalEnvironment() { return new PhysicalEnvironment(); } protected float getViewPlatformActivationRadius() { return 100; } protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() { ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vp.setViewAttachPolicy(View.RELATIVE_TO_FIELD_OF_VIEW); vp.setActivationRadius(getViewPlatformActivationRadius()); return vp; } protected Canvas3D createCanvas3D() { GraphicsConfigTemplate3D gc3D = new GraphicsConfigTemplate3D(); gc3D.setSceneAntialiasing(GraphicsConfigTemplate.PREFERRED); GraphicsDevice gd[] = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getScreenDevices(); Canvas3D c3d = new Canvas3D(gd[0].getBestConfiguration(gc3D)); c3d.setSize(getCanvas3dWidth(c3d), getCanvas3dHeight(c3d)); return c3d; } protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kWidth; } protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kHeight; } protected double getBackClipDistance() { return 100.0; } protected double getFrontClipDistance() { return 1.0; } protected BranchGroup createViewBranchGroup(TransformGroup[] tgArray, ViewPlatform vp) { BranchGroup vpBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); if (tgArray != null && tgArray.length > 0) { Group parentGroup = vpBranchGroup; TransformGroup curTg = null; for (int n = 0; n < tgArray.length; n++) { curTg = tgArray[n]; parentGroup.addChild(curTg); parentGroup = curTg; } tgArray[tgArray.length - 1].addChild(vp); } else vpBranchGroup.addChild(vp); return vpBranchGroup; } protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER); doLayout(); } protected VirtualUniverse createVirtualUniverse() { return new VirtualUniverse(); } protected void saveCommandLineArguments(String[] szArgs) { m_szCommandLineArray = szArgs; } protected String[] getCommandLineArguments() { return m_szCommandLineArray; } }