Java tutorial
/********************************************************** Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. **************************************************************/ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.GraphicsConfigTemplate; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.io.File; import java.net.URL; import javax.media.j3d.Alpha; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.AudioDevice; import javax.media.j3d.Background; import javax.media.j3d.Behavior; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.Bounds; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsConfigTemplate3D; import javax.media.j3d.Group; import javax.media.j3d.Link; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.Material; import javax.media.j3d.Node; import javax.media.j3d.OrderedGroup; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.PickBounds; import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.SharedGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Switch; import javax.media.j3d.SwitchValueInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCondition; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCriterion; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnElapsedFrames; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOr; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.ColorCube; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Sphere; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Text2D; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickResult; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickTool; /** * This example creates a scenegraph that illustrates many of the Java 3D * scenegraph Nodes. These are: * <p> * <br> * Group Nodes: <br> * BranchGroup, (implemented) <br> * OrderedGroup, (implemented) <br> * Primitive, (implemented) <br> * SharedGroup, (implemented) <br> * Switch, (implemented) <br> * TransformGroup (implemented) <br> * <br> * Leaf Nodes: <br> * Background, (implemented) <br> * Behavior, (implemented) <br> * BoundingLeaf, <br> * Clip, <br> * Fog, <br> * Light, <br> * Link, (implemented) <br> * Morph, <br> * Shape3D, (implemented) <br> * Sound, <br> * Soundscape, <br> * ViewPlatform (implemented) <br> */ public class NodesTest extends Java3dApplet { private static final int m_kWidth = 400; private static final int m_kHeight = 400; static int m_nLabelNumber = 0; public NodesTest() { initJava3d(); } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { BranchGroup objRoot = super.createSceneBranchGroup(); double labelScale = 20; // create the top level Switch Node // we will use the Switch Node to switch the // other Nodes on and off. // 1: Switch Switch switchGroup = new Switch(); switchGroup.setCapability(Switch.ALLOW_SWITCH_WRITE); switchGroup.addChild(createLabel("1. Switch Label", labelScale)); // 2: BranchGroup BranchGroup branchGroup = new BranchGroup(); branchGroup.addChild(createLabel("2. BranchGroup", labelScale)); switchGroup.addChild(branchGroup); // 3: OrderedGroup, OrderedGroup orderedGroup = new OrderedGroup(); orderedGroup.addChild(createLabel("3. OrderedGroup", labelScale)); orderedGroup.addChild(createLabel("Child 1", labelScale)); orderedGroup.addChild(createLabel("Child 2", labelScale)); switchGroup.addChild(orderedGroup); // 4: SharedGroup, SharedGroup sharedGroup1 = new SharedGroup(); sharedGroup1.addChild(createLabel("4. Shared Group 1", labelScale)); switchGroup.addChild(new Link(sharedGroup1)); // 5: Primitive, BranchGroup primitiveGroup = new BranchGroup(); primitiveGroup.addChild(createLabel("5. Primitive", labelScale)); primitiveGroup.addChild(new Sphere(2)); switchGroup.addChild(primitiveGroup); // 6: TransformGroup TransformGroup transformGroup = new TransformGroup(); transformGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); transformGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ); Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha, transformGroup, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(createApplicationBounds()); transformGroup.addChild(rotator); transformGroup.addChild(new ColorCube(2)); transformGroup.addChild(createLabel("6. TransformGroup", labelScale)); switchGroup.addChild(transformGroup); // 7: add another copy of the shared group switchGroup.addChild(new Link(sharedGroup1)); // create a SwitchValueInterpolator to // cycle through the child nodes in the Switch Node Alpha switchAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 10000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); SwitchValueInterpolator switchInterpolator = new SwitchValueInterpolator(switchAlpha, switchGroup); switchInterpolator.setSchedulingBounds(createApplicationBounds()); switchInterpolator.setEnable(true); // WARNING: do not add the SwitchValueInterpolator to the Switch Node! objRoot.addChild(switchInterpolator); // finally add the Switch Node objRoot.addChild(switchGroup); return objRoot; } // creates a Text2D label and scales it // the method shifts each label created downwards. // Note that the labels on adjacent lines will overlap // so we can illustrate the function of the OrderedGroup TransformGroup createLabel(String szText, double scale) { Color3f colorText = new Color3f(); int nFontSizeText = 10; Text2D label3D = new Text2D(szText, colorText, "SansSerif", nFontSizeText, Font.PLAIN); TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(); Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(-8, 0.5 * (1 - m_nLabelNumber), 0)); t3d.setScale(scale); tg.setTransform(t3d); tg.addChild(label3D); m_nLabelNumber++; return tg; } public static void main(String[] args) { NodesTest nodesTest = new NodesTest(); nodesTest.saveCommandLineArguments(args); new MainFrame(nodesTest, m_kWidth, m_kHeight); } } /** * This behavior detects collisions between the branch of a scene, and a * collision object. The Java 3D 1.2 picking utilities are used to implement * collision detection. The objects in the scene that are collidable should have * their user data set. The collision object's user data is used to ignore * collisions between the object and itself. * * When a collision is detected the trajectory of the collision object is * reversed (plus a small random factor) and an Appearance object is modified. * * When a collision is not detected the collision object is moved along its * current trajectory and the Appearance color is reset. * * Colision checking is run after every frame. * */ class CollisionBehavior extends Behavior { // the wake up condition for the behavior protected WakeupCondition m_WakeupCondition = null; // how often we check for a collision private static final int ELAPSED_FRAME_COUNT = 1; // the branch that we check for collisions private BranchGroup pickRoot = null; // the collision object that we are controlling private TransformGroup collisionObject = null; // the appearance object that we are controlling private Appearance objectAppearance = null; // cached PickBounds object used for collision detection private PickBounds pickBounds = null; // cached Material objects that define the collided and missed colors private Material collideMaterial = null; private Material missMaterial = null; // the current trajectory of the object private Vector3d incrementVector = null; // the current position of the object private Vector3d positionVector = null; public CollisionBehavior(BranchGroup pickRoot, TransformGroup collisionObject, Appearance app, Vector3d posVector, Vector3d incVector) { // save references to the objects this.pickRoot = pickRoot; this.collisionObject = collisionObject; this.objectAppearance = app; incrementVector = incVector; positionVector = posVector; // create the WakeupCriterion for the behavior WakeupCriterion criterionArray[] = new WakeupCriterion[1]; criterionArray[0] = new WakeupOnElapsedFrames(ELAPSED_FRAME_COUNT); objectAppearance.setCapability(Appearance.ALLOW_MATERIAL_WRITE); collisionObject.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); collisionObject.setCapability(Node.ALLOW_BOUNDS_READ); // save the WakeupCriterion for the behavior m_WakeupCondition = new WakeupOr(criterionArray); } public void initialize() { // apply the initial WakeupCriterion wakeupOn(m_WakeupCondition); Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.1f, 0.2f); Color3f black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); collideMaterial = new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 80.0f); objColor = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.1f, 0.8f); missMaterial = new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 80.0f); objectAppearance.setMaterial(missMaterial); } protected void onCollide() { objectAppearance.setMaterial(collideMaterial); incrementVector.negate(); // add a little randomness incrementVector.x += (Math.random() - 0.5) / 20.0; incrementVector.y += (Math.random() - 0.5) / 20.0; incrementVector.z += (Math.random() - 0.5) / 20.0; } protected void onMiss() { objectAppearance.setMaterial(missMaterial); } protected void moveCollisionObject() { Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); positionVector.add(incrementVector); t3d.setTranslation(positionVector); collisionObject.setTransform(t3d); } public boolean isCollision(PickResult[] resultArray) { if (resultArray == null || resultArray.length == 0) return false; // we use the user data on the nodes to ignore the // case of the collisionObject having collided with itself! // the user data also gives us a good mechanism for reporting the // collisions. for (int n = 0; n < resultArray.length; n++) { Object userData = resultArray[n].getObject().getUserData(); if (userData != null && userData instanceof String) { // check that we are not colliding with ourselves... if (((String) userData).equals((String) collisionObject.getUserData()) == false) { System.out.println("Collision between: " + collisionObject.getUserData() + " and: " + userData); return true; } } } return false; } public void processStimulus(java.util.Enumeration criteria) { while (criteria.hasMoreElements()) { WakeupCriterion wakeUp = (WakeupCriterion) criteria.nextElement(); // every N frames, check for a collision if (wakeUp instanceof WakeupOnElapsedFrames) { // create a PickBounds PickTool pickTool = new PickTool(pickRoot); pickTool.setMode(PickTool.BOUNDS); BoundingSphere bounds = (BoundingSphere) collisionObject.getBounds(); pickBounds = new PickBounds(new BoundingSphere( new Point3d(positionVector.x, positionVector.y, positionVector.z), bounds.getRadius())); pickTool.setShape(pickBounds, new Point3d(0, 0, 0)); PickResult[] resultArray = pickTool.pickAll(); if (isCollision(resultArray)) onCollide(); else onMiss(); moveCollisionObject(); } } // assign the next WakeUpCondition, so we are notified again wakeupOn(m_WakeupCondition); } } /******************************************************************************* * Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman * * First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and * published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under * the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software * Foundation, version 2. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more * details. * * The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html * * Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite * 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. * * Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org * * If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the * authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site. ******************************************************************************/ //***************************************************************************** /** * Java3dApplet * * Base class for defining a Java 3D applet. Contains some useful methods for * defining views and scenegraphs etc. * * @author Daniel Selman * @version 1.0 */ //***************************************************************************** abstract class Java3dApplet extends Applet { public static int m_kWidth = 300; public static int m_kHeight = 300; protected String[] m_szCommandLineArray = null; protected VirtualUniverse m_Universe = null; protected BranchGroup m_SceneBranchGroup = null; protected Bounds m_ApplicationBounds = null; // protected com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree m_Java3dTree = null; public Java3dApplet() { } public boolean isApplet() { try { System.getProperty("user.dir"); System.out.println("Running as Application."); return false; } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet."); return true; } public URL getWorkingDirectory() throws java.net.MalformedURLException { URL url = null; try { File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); System.out.println("Running as Application:"); System.out.println(" " + file.toURL()); return file.toURL(); } catch (Exception e) { } System.out.println("Running as Applet:"); System.out.println(" " + getCodeBase()); return getCodeBase(); } public VirtualUniverse getVirtualUniverse() { return m_Universe; } //public com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree getJ3dTree() { //return m_Java3dTree; // } public Locale getFirstLocale() { java.util.Enumeration e = m_Universe.getAllLocales(); if (e.hasMoreElements() != false) return (Locale) e.nextElement(); return null; } protected Bounds getApplicationBounds() { if (m_ApplicationBounds == null) m_ApplicationBounds = createApplicationBounds(); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Bounds createApplicationBounds() { m_ApplicationBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); return m_ApplicationBounds; } protected Background createBackground() { Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f)); back.setApplicationBounds(createApplicationBounds()); return back; } public void initJava3d() { // m_Java3dTree = new com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree(); m_Universe = createVirtualUniverse(); Locale locale = createLocale(m_Universe); BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroup(); ViewPlatform vp = createViewPlatform(); BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(getViewTransformGroupArray(), vp); createView(vp); Background background = createBackground(); if (background != null) sceneBranchGroup.addChild(background); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup); // m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup); locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup); addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup); onDoneInit(); } protected void onDoneInit() { // m_Java3dTree.updateNodes(m_Universe); } protected double getScale() { return 1.0; } public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() { TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1]; tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup(); // move the camera BACK a little... // note that we have to invert the matrix as // we are moving the viewer Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D(); t3d.setScale(getScale()); t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -20.0)); t3d.invert(); tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d); return tgArray; } protected void addViewBranchGroup(Locale locale, BranchGroup bg) { locale.addBranchGraph(bg); } protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) { return new Locale(u); } protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() { m_SceneBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); return m_SceneBranchGroup; } protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) { View view = new View(); PhysicalBody pb = createPhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment pe = createPhysicalEnvironment(); AudioDevice audioDevice = createAudioDevice(pe); if (audioDevice != null) { pe.setAudioDevice(audioDevice); audioDevice.initialize(); } view.setPhysicalEnvironment(pe); view.setPhysicalBody(pb); if (vp != null) view.attachViewPlatform(vp); view.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance()); view.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance()); Canvas3D c3d = createCanvas3D(); view.addCanvas3D(c3d); addCanvas3D(c3d); return view; } protected PhysicalBody createPhysicalBody() { return new PhysicalBody(); } protected AudioDevice createAudioDevice(PhysicalEnvironment pe) { JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(pe); if (javaSoundMixer == null) System.out.println("create of audiodevice failed"); return javaSoundMixer; } protected PhysicalEnvironment createPhysicalEnvironment() { return new PhysicalEnvironment(); } protected float getViewPlatformActivationRadius() { return 100; } protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() { ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vp.setViewAttachPolicy(View.RELATIVE_TO_FIELD_OF_VIEW); vp.setActivationRadius(getViewPlatformActivationRadius()); return vp; } protected Canvas3D createCanvas3D() { GraphicsConfigTemplate3D gc3D = new GraphicsConfigTemplate3D(); gc3D.setSceneAntialiasing(GraphicsConfigTemplate.PREFERRED); GraphicsDevice gd[] = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getScreenDevices(); Canvas3D c3d = new Canvas3D(gd[0].getBestConfiguration(gc3D)); c3d.setSize(getCanvas3dWidth(c3d), getCanvas3dHeight(c3d)); return c3d; } protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kWidth; } protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) { return m_kHeight; } protected double getBackClipDistance() { return 100.0; } protected double getFrontClipDistance() { return 1.0; } protected BranchGroup createViewBranchGroup(TransformGroup[] tgArray, ViewPlatform vp) { BranchGroup vpBranchGroup = new BranchGroup(); if (tgArray != null && tgArray.length > 0) { Group parentGroup = vpBranchGroup; TransformGroup curTg = null; for (int n = 0; n < tgArray.length; n++) { curTg = tgArray[n]; parentGroup.addChild(curTg); parentGroup = curTg; } tgArray[tgArray.length - 1].addChild(vp); } else vpBranchGroup.addChild(vp); return vpBranchGroup; } protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER); doLayout(); } protected VirtualUniverse createVirtualUniverse() { return new VirtualUniverse(); } protected void saveCommandLineArguments(String[] szArgs) { m_szCommandLineArray = szArgs; } protected String[] getCommandLineArguments() { return m_szCommandLineArray; } }