Solution for the Mutating Tables Problem : Introduction « Trigger « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial






SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ('01','Jason',    'Martin',  to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto',  'Programmer')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('02','Alison',   'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('03','James',    'Smith',   to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('04','Celia',    'Rice',    to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('05','Robert',   'Black',   to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('06','Linda',    'Green',   to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York',  'Tester')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('07','David',    'Larry',   to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York',  'Manager')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('08','James',    'Cat',     to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
  3  /

1 row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /

ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester

8 rows selected.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE EmployeeData AS
  2    TYPE t_Salary IS TABLE OF employee.salary%TYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
  3    TYPE t_IDs IS TABLE OF employee.ID%TYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
  4
  5    v_EmployeeSalary t_Salary;
  6    v_EmployeeIDs    t_IDs;
  7    v_NumEntries    BINARY_INTEGER := 0;
  8  END EmployeeData;
  9  /

Package created.

SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER RLimitSalary
  2    BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF salary ON employee
  3    FOR EACH ROW
  4  BEGIN
  5    /* Record the new data in EmployeeData. We don't make any
  6       changes to employee, to avoid the ORA-4091 error. */
  7    EmployeeData.v_NumEntries := EmployeeData.v_NumEntries + 1;
  8    EmployeeData.v_EmployeeSalary(EmployeeData.v_NumEntries) := :new.salary;
  9    EmployeeData.v_EmployeeIDs(EmployeeData.v_NumEntries) := :new.id;
 10  END RLimitSalary;
 11  /

Trigger created.

SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER SLimitSalary
  2    AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OF salary ON employee
  3  DECLARE
  4    v_MaxEmployees     CONSTANT NUMBER := 5;
  5    v_CurrentEmployees NUMBER;
  6    v_EmployeeID       employee.ID%TYPE;
  7    v_Salary           employee.salary%TYPE;
  8  BEGIN
  9    /* Loop through each student inserted or updated, and verify
 10       that we are still within the limit. */
 11    FOR v_LoopIndex IN 1..EmployeeData.v_NumEntries LOOP
 12      v_EmployeeID := EmployeeData.v_EmployeeIDs(v_LoopIndex);
 13      v_Salary := EmployeeData.v_EmployeeSalary(v_LoopIndex);
 14
 15
 16      SELECT COUNT(*)
 17        INTO v_CurrentEmployees
 18        FROM employee
 19        WHERE salary = v_Salary;
 20
 21      -- If there isn't room, raise an error.
 22      IF v_CurrentEmployees > v_MaxEmployees THEN
 23        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000,
 24          'Too much salary ' || v_Salary ||
 25          ' because of employee ' || v_EmployeeID);
 26      END IF;
 27    END LOOP;
 28
 29    -- Reset the counter so the next execution will use new data.
 30    EmployeeData.v_NumEntries := 0;
 31  END SLimitSalary;
 32  /

Trigger created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL>








28.1.Introduction
28.1.1.A trigger is an event within the DBMS that can cause some code to execute automatically.
28.1.2.Placing triggers on tables
28.1.3.Trigger Which Modifies a Mutating Table
28.1.4.Solution for the Mutating Tables Problem
28.1.5.Raise Exception from trigger
28.1.6.Trigger for auditing
28.1.7.Trigger with a REFERENCING clause
28.1.8.Trigger with REFERENCING and WHEN clauses
28.1.9.Trigger with multiple triggering events