Inject 1 « JPA « Spring Q&A





1. Why does Spring's @Configurable sometimes work and sometimes not?    stackoverflow.com

I'm trying to use automatic dependency injection via Spring's @Configurable annotation w/ @Resource on the fields needing injection. This involved some setup, like passing spring-agent.jar to my JVM. For the full ...

2. Injecting EntityManager Vs. EntityManagerFactory    stackoverflow.com

A long question, please bear with me. We are using Spring+JPA for a web application. My team is debating over injecting EntityManagerFactory in the GenericDAO(a DAO based on Generics something on the ...

3. In spring, what code is used to inject the value for the @PersistenceContext annotated variables?    stackoverflow.com

Using a ClassPathXmlApplicationContext object I want to get the same EntityManager that is being used by other parts of the app which get it injected via:

@PersistenceContext(unitName="accessControlDb") private EntityManager em;
Using ctx.getBean("access-emf") I ...

4. JPA's context injection    stackoverflow.com

I'm trying to use JPA's Context Injection. Currently my code fails to have the context injected, throwing a NullPointerException:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException at learn.spring.dao.ListingDao.findById(ListingDao.java:19)
Below is my ...

5. Dependency Injection problem with EntityManagerFactory + jpadaosupport    stackoverflow.com

Right now I'm having a problem injecting a entityFactoryManager into my jpadaosupport extended class. My configuration is below:

<bean id="productDao" class="springapp.repository.JdbcProductDao">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
The above configuration for this ...

6. Using a factory in an domain model object?    stackoverflow.com

Scenario: In my application (which utilises an rich domain model, where the logic is in the model, not in the services) I have users. I create new users with a service

User newUser ...

7. How to inject JPA EntityManager using spring    stackoverflow.com


I have a few questions about jpa + spring integration running on tomcat, i've been looking fo some time and couldn't find any concrete answer, so here it goes:

Is it possible ...

8. Dependency Injection with Spring/Junit/JPA    stackoverflow.com

I'm trying to create JUnit tests for my JPA DAO classes, using Spring 2.5.6 and JUnit 4.8.1. My test case looks like this:


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:config/jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml"} )
public class MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest extends BaseJPATestCase {

    ...

9. How do I get spring to inject my EntityManager?    stackoverflow.com

I'm following the guide here, but when the DAO executes, the EntityManager is null. I've tried a number of fixes I found in the comments on the guide, on various ...





10. Injecting Entitymanager via XML and not annnotations    stackoverflow.com

What I am trying to do is inject through XML almost the same way that is done through A @PersistenceContext annotation. I am in need of this because of the ...

11. Hibernate using Query via Spring injection    stackoverflow.com


Beginner here to hibernate, spring. Followed tutorial here to setup hibernae + spring + struts2 project: http://splinter.com.au/blog/?p=224 I wanted to prepare queries. So I tried following: Services.java

public class Services {
  protected ...

12. Injecting fields via Spring into entities loaded by Hibernate    stackoverflow.com

I am looking for a way to inject certain properties via Spring in a bean that is loaded from the DB by Hibernate. E.g.

class Student {
   int id; //loaded from ...

13. Is it possible to Autowire the JDO PersistenceManager or only the PersistenceManagerFactory?    stackoverflow.com

Is it possible to Autowire the JDO PersistenceManager? In the example below, only the PersistenceManagerFactory is Autowired, while the PersistenceManager is obtained using a getter and utility method before each operation.

import org.springframework.orm.jdo.PersistenceManagerFactoryUtils;

@Service
public ...

14. EntityManager injection - NullPointerException    stackoverflow.com

In my Spring+JPA/Hibernate+Wicket app, I have a QueryBuilder bean that I want to use in one of my DAOs which generates a typed query with the help of Criteria API:

@Service(value="inboxQueryBuilder")
public class ...

15. Spring + EntityManagerFactory +Hibernate Listeners + Injection    stackoverflow.com

i have a simple question. Its possible to add dependency injection via @Ressource or @Autowired to the Hibernate Eventlistener? I will show you my entitymanagerfactory configuration:

<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.hibernate.ejb.EntityManagerFactoryImpl">
    ...

16. spring-mvc 3.0.5: what's the preferred way to instantiate the JPA entity manager    stackoverflow.com

My current working code:

EntityManagerFactory emf = javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("TT-SpringMVCPU");
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
I would like to replace that with something like this:
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "TT-SpringMVCPU")
private EntityManager _entityManager;
When I try that, I get this error:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error ...





17. How to key off a parameter to a stubbed method using Mockito    stackoverflow.com

Greetings. I am mocking a search engine for testing in my web app. This search engine returns xml documents with different schemas. The schema depends on a parameter known as a collection ...

18. Issue Wiring an EntityManager from EntityManagerFactory    stackoverflow.com

I know spring has it's own object factories for JPA but I want to just get this working as is... From there I will investigate best practice. I am just in ...

19. Spring entity manager injection with EJB 2.1 CMP (Jboss 4.2/Websphere 6.1) with Hibernate    stackoverflow.com

I'm successfully using JPA (Jboss 4.2 / Hibernate) within EJB 2.1 Stateless, retrieving Entity Manager Factory from Jndi (published using persistence.xml jboss.entity.manager.factory.jndi.name property). When switching to Spring Entity Manager injection, in order ...

20. How is SQL injection typically stopped in a Spring/Hibernate setup    stackoverflow.com

I hate the Ruby language because it's not statically typed but the more time I spend with Spring/Hibernate I appreciate more of Ruby on Rails' features. Specifically the fact that their ...

21. Debugging "Injection of autowired dependencies failed" Error in Spring+Hibernate    stackoverflow.com

I have just started with Spring Framework and trying to develop and run a simple a app using Spring + Hibernate + Maven for dependency management. I have a ContactController in ...

22. Why isn't Spring injecting a map into a child Struts 2 Action class but parent's objects are injected?    stackoverflow.com

I have the following configuration in my Spring applicationContext.xml in order to inject objects into my Struts 2 Java project:

<util:map id="typeToURLMap">
    <entry key="TYPEA" value="./ur1.x" />
    ...

23. How to Inject the EntityManager in an Hibernate Interceptor Bean using Spring?    stackoverflow.com

I need to create an Hibernate interceptor that must have access to the entity manager. The problem is that when I am defining how the EntityManagerFactory is going to be created ...

24. Using Dependency Injection in Spring to replace Factory pattern    stackoverflow.com

I am currently working on an application in which the an instance of the domain object D is injected in to the application. The domain object can contain many classes together ...

25. How to inject spring injection manually if not done automatically    stackoverflow.com

My spring dependencies are working fine but there one class CustomUserDetaisls where i need the Autowired dependency called

@Autowired Private UserDAO userDAO
to match with username and password But my spring injection is not working ...

26. Return a component instance by key (using Spring.NET Container)    stackoverflow.com

Is it possible to return a component instance by key using Spring.NET? I see the method context.GetObject(string name) but I am not sure if it's the equivalent to Castle Windsor's container.Resolve(string key). ...

27. @autowired annotation issue, not injecting bean in class, using Spring3.0, hibernate    stackoverflow.com

following is my class:

package com.abc.trade.util;

public class StockTraderLogger {

    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("StockTraderLogger");

    @Autowired
    ConfigService configService; 




    public static ...

28. Spring @PersistenceContext how to inject manually the entity manager in my GenericDao    stackoverflow.com

Hallo all: I read the spring reference about this point. I would choose to use the @PersistenceContext in my DAO to inject a shared transactional entity manager, but since I use the GenericDaoJpaImpl ...

29. Spring Autowiring not working in classes being tested    stackoverflow.com

I'm attempting to run high level test on a portion of code used in a web service I'm writing. During the process, the code is expected to make calls to a ...

30. Hibernate LocalSessionFactrory VS HibernateTransactionManager    stackoverflow.com

I am implementing a application with Struts2 + Spring + Hibernate. I would like to know what is the difference between using LocalSessionFactory alone in Spring's applicationContext.xml and using HibernateTransactionManager, having the ...

31. Why is my spring bean which is injected properly on server start up, null when I post my form to the controller?    stackoverflow.com

Why is my spring bean (loginInfoDAO) which is injected properly on server start up, null when I post my form to the controller? I have stepped through the setters on ...

32. Referencing Spring Singletons created in a parent context from a child context    stackoverflow.com

Hard to think of a title for this one! I have a bean that is initialized in a spring container. It loads classes that also create objects from files ...

33. Spring constructor injection shows null When accessing it on methods    stackoverflow.com

I am developing a small application with Struts2 + Spring + hibernate...Spring beans are injected properly on server start-up .. I have stepped through the setters on start up and they ...

34. Spring - "late binding" autowired beans    stackoverflow.com

Let's say I have the following dependencies:

@Configuration
public class MyCfg {
  // ...
  @Bean
  public Session session() {
    return sessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
  }
}

@Repository
@Transactional
public class MyRepo {
  ...

35. Spring Autowiring + Hibernate Search    stackoverflow.com

I am trying to inject a hibernate session to use with hibernate search and am having trouble figuring out how to setup the spring beans for hibernate search. I am aware ...

36. EntityManager injected by Spring but null on first use    stackoverflow.com

I am just working on a basic webapp that implements spring + hibernate entitymanager I set up my dao and context exactly as described by this post: http://blog.springsource.com/2006/08/07/using-jpa-in-spring-without-referencing-spring/ And created a ...

37. SPring wll not inject EntityMAnager into my DAO    forum.springsource.org

38. entityManager is null -- not being injected into my jpa -- please help    forum.springsource.org

entityManager is null -- not being injected into my jpa -- please help I have hibernate entities integrated with spring. I have a GenericDaoJpa where I inject the EntityManager. When I ...

39. entity manager injection in dbre created entities    forum.springsource.org

entity manager injection in dbre created entities I'm worked through getting a Roo DBRE generated domain model into a J2ee project and deployed to glassfish 3.0.1, and I feel I'm just ...

40. Simple Hibernate + Spring Injection - Help?    forum.springsource.org

Simple Hibernate + Spring Injection - Help? Hi folks, I feel this should be really simple. I'm trying to avoid complexity. I had tried to get JPA working in a Spring ...

41. Dependency Injection with Hibernate POJOs?    forum.springsource.org

My Hibernate-persisted POJOs are, of course, usually instantiated by a call to session.load(... ) or session.find( ... ). Is there any way to enable Spring Dependency Injection with these classes, or ...

42. Injected EntityManager vs EntityManagerFactory    forum.springsource.org

Hi, Throughout my application (DAO's etc) I'm using injected EntityManager (spring shared persistent context) via @PersistenceContext. In Spring Batch, though, all JPA readers and writers require EntityManagerFactory. Is it mixing these ...

43. nullpointer in data.repository.support when injecting entityManager to JpaRepository    forum.springsource.org

nullpointer in data.repository.support when injecting entityManager to JpaRepository Hi, (first I have to thank your response first, I'm afraid you won't stay after all the exception print outs) - I am ...

44. Injecting entitymanager in Glassfish    forum.springsource.org

Injecting entitymanager in Glassfish I want to use spring in a web application and deploy to glassfish. My application injects an entitymanager using the jpa annotation @PersistenceContext In tomcat and jetty ...

46. Entity manager has not been injected    forum.springsource.org

Jul 12th, 2011, 10:38 AM #1 Alex1 View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Junior Member Join Date Jul 2011 Posts 4 Entity manager has not been injected Hi I want ...

47. Simplest way to inject EntityManager into DAO using only annotation-based DI    forum.springsource.org

Simplest way to inject EntityManager into DAO using only annotation-based DI I'm moving from a project that had been relatively locked into an ancient version of Spring (1.2.7) to one that ...

48. Combining dependency injection with hibernate.    forum.springsource.org

Aug 14th, 2011, 12:14 PM #1 TimVD View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Junior Member Join Date Mar 2011 Posts 7 Combining dependency injection with hibernate. Hi I'm trying to ...

49. JPA failed to inject entityManager    forum.springsource.org

JPA failed to inject entityManager Hi all, I tried to use Spring to inject entityManager to a JPA DAO class. But it seems that the entitymanager always returns null. My applicationContext.xml ...

50. EntityManager not injected with @PersistenceContext    forum.springsource.org

Sep 28th, 2011, 09:26 AM #1 dvlchd3 View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Junior Member Join Date Sep 2011 Posts 2 EntityManager not injected with @PersistenceContext Hello all, First of ...

51. Entity manager has not been injected    forum.springsource.org

Entity manager has not been injected While deploying application on server got this exception... How to find out that spring aspect jar configured as AJC/AJDT aspect library.. What steps i have ...

52. Dependency Injection on Hibernate Entities    forum.springsource.org

Does anyone know if it is possible to use dependency injection on hibernate entities? I know I can create a DAO that returns a list of domain entities from a HibernateTemplate, ...

53. Inject HibernateTemplate into DAO    forum.springsource.org

Inject HibernateTemplate into DAO Ok, I'm getting a strange error when I do this. HibernateTemplate is a POJO, and I want to inject it into my BaseDAO so that I can ...

54. Injecting bean into hibernate created object    forum.springsource.org

Injecting bean into hibernate created object Hi all, I have a case whereby I'd like to inject the HibernateSession (managed by spring) into a POJO domain object. Normally I'd not do ...

55. Inject dependencies into objects controlled by Hibernate    forum.springsource.org

I remember reading a thread in this forum about this topic. I think the discussion was about using interceptors to proxy the hibernate objects. The proxies could then be parameterized with ...

56. Hibernate version/lastModDate -> AOP injected, how?    forum.springsource.org

Hibernate version/lastModDate -> AOP injected, how? Our domain model has a version, last modification date and last modification user in it. Some of these fields are needed by Hibernate (version) and ...

57. Injecting Hibernate version ... making the domain model cleaner    forum.springsource.org

Injecting Hibernate version ... making the domain model cleaner Hi, The problem I'm having is that my domain objects are "hibernate aware". What I mean by that is that they have ...

58. Injecting Hibernate Configuration into another bean    forum.springsource.org

Injecting Hibernate Configuration into another bean In Spring 1.2.7, I want to inject the hibernate configuration (currently that was used to create a SessionFactory into another bean, and I'd like to ...

59. Spring Injection of Hibernate Objects    forum.springsource.org

Spring Injection of Hibernate Objects I was looking for a simple way of injecting Spring objects into my Hibernate objects, and came across the HibernateIntercpetor. I defined one like this, then ...

60. Setter injection and map keys    forum.springsource.org

Setter injection and map keys I ran into a a dependency problem in a Spring 1.2.7 application whereby one object is created via setter injection. Lets call this object1. The hashCode ...

61. Should I extend HibernateDaoSupport or inject HibernateTemplate?    forum.springsource.org

I have a couple of DAOs in my webapp, I currently get every DAOs to extend HibernateDaoSupport, and when I need to access Hibernate, I call getHibernateTemplate() to get the template ...

62. Hibernate + AOP + Inject DAO problem    forum.springsource.org

Hibernate + AOP + Inject DAO problem Hello, I'm currently stuck with hibernate+spring+aop. Basically I have a POJO who represents the status of a single item. It is instanciated via hibernate, ...

63. JPA: How to inject an EntityManager w/o using PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor?    forum.springsource.org

JPA: How to inject an EntityManager w/o using PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor? I have a DAO that is coded against plain JPA, with the EntityManager being injected via the PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bean, as described in ...

64. Domain injection and hibernate    forum.springsource.org

Domain injection and hibernate In trying to upgrade from 1.2.8 to 2.0.1, I'm attempting to inject a Spring bean into a domain object. Unfortunately, I can't get past this error: Code: ...

65. Is the EntityManager injected via @PersistenceContext thread-safe?    forum.springsource.org

This is what the Hibernate documentation has to say about it. An EntityManager is an inexpensive, non-threadsafe object that should be used once, for a single business process, a single unit ...

66. Possible to inject objects into Hibernate UserType?    forum.springsource.org

Possible to inject objects into Hibernate UserType? Hello, I have implemented a Label user type which I use for internationalization. In the UserType I need to do a lookup in the ...

67. Spring 2.1 JPA + EntityManager injection    forum.springsource.org

I am testdriving Spring 2.1 using the new annotations for component configuration. So far I've been using PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor to inject Entitymanager into my DAO's. The problem is, that when I configure ...

68. Injecting a dependency into a JPA entity    forum.springsource.org

Injecting a dependency into a JPA entity I have a JPA entity which detects when it is persisted using the @PostPersist annotation. I would like to call a proxy to a ...

69. EntityManager refuses to inject    forum.springsource.org

70. How to inject EntityManager in JpaDaoSupport with annotations?    forum.springsource.org

I'm trying to use the new features of Spring 2.5 to configure my DAOs - using @Repository and @Autowired. Everything is fine ... except that I'm unable to inject the required ...

71. Injecting EntityManager into EntityListener    forum.springsource.org

I have created a listener to audit entity objects as they are saved and updated: Code: @EntityListeners(value = {MyEntityListener.class}) ... public class MyEntityListener { private EntityManager entityManager; @PersistenceContext public void setEntityManager(EntityManager ...

72. Injecting into domain object gotten by hibernate    forum.springsource.org

Injecting into domain object gotten by hibernate Hello there, Since I'm still a student and not experienced yet. This might be a stupid question, but i'll still try. Here's my problem: ...

73. TypeMismatchException when injecting entitymanagerfactory    forum.springsource.org

TypeMismatchException when injecting entitymanagerfactory Hi, I made a spring based application to access mysql database using JPA. Application is working fine as a standalone. But when i deploy this as a ...

74. Spring 3.2 - inject generic template in DAO for iBATIS or, Hibernate call    forum.springsource.org

Spring 3.2 - inject generic template in DAO for iBATIS or, Hibernate call Is there a way to define a generic template (java.lang.Object) as an attribute in DAO (Data Access Object) ...

75. Injected EntityManager behavior in case of database failover    forum.springsource.org

Injected EntityManager behavior in case of database failover Hi, I am using Spring2.5.5 and hibernate3.2.6 along with the oracle database. The below logic is used to inject the EntityManager to my ...

76. Inject data in entity listener,LocalSessionFactoryBean vs LocalContainerEntityManager    forum.springsource.org

Nov 13th, 2008, 01:30 PM #1 bznstyle View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Junior Member Join Date Nov 2008 Posts 7 Inject data in entity listener,LocalSessionFactoryBean vs LocalContainerEntityManager Hello, I ...

77. Spring, JPA, JBoss, Inject EntityManager in DAO    forum.springsource.org

Does anyone know of a working example that describes how to integrate Spring, JPA, and JBoss (version 5.0.0 GA)? If yes, will you please share it? My goal is to inject ...

78. How should i manage a DAO which is being injected with an EntityManager?    forum.springsource.org

Hello. I have a DAO service, which uses an entityManager through the @PesistenceContext annotation (like in this article). This DAO service is crated by Spring: Code: If i ...

79. How to inject EntityManager using XML configuration (not annotations)    forum.springsource.org

I want to be able to modify my DAO classes using xml configuration, but i loose the injection of the EntityManager. Is there a way around this? Thanks.

80. Using Spring JPA injection in an EJB    forum.springsource.org

Using Spring JPA injection in an EJB Hello I am currently trying to understand if it is possible to inject an entityManager into a DAO called from an EJB. I was ...

81. Spring + Hibernate Injection    forum.springsource.org

architecture is like i have to create one jar project of generics DAO.. and need to add this jar project into Spring project as dependency using maven... so i need to ...

82. unable to inject PersistenceContext JPA into a jsf converter    forum.springsource.org

unable to inject PersistenceContext JPA into a jsf converter I'm trying to write a generic JPA entity converter. All my entities extend BaseIdentityEntity. I use JPA and JSF. The below code ...

83. SQL injection getHibernateTemplate().find    forum.springsource.org

SQL injection getHibernateTemplate().find Hi everyone, I will sketch you my situation to explain my problem better. We use spring hibernate v2.1.8 in our application, and use the getHibernateTemplate() method for most ...

84. EntityManager injection with annotations and JpaSupport?    forum.springsource.org

Hi all, How does one inject an entity manager, or a org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFact oryBean, into a class that extends JpaSupport? Do you need to override the set operation and annotate it with ...

85. Simple DAO injection using Spring and Hibernate    forum.springsource.org

Simple DAO injection using Spring and Hibernate Hello Guys, I am really frustrated with this issue. I have written simple java application which uses spring and hibernate for DAO injection. I ...

86. (netbeans) I cannot inject an entityManagerFactory    forum.springsource.org

(netbeans) I cannot inject an entityManagerFactory hello, spring tells me there is a nullPointerException at the line "em=entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager() ;" in the following DAO file: Code: public class CotisationDao implements ICotisationDao{ public ...

87. beginner : no entity manager injected    forum.springsource.org

beginner : no entity manager injected hi, issue : can't have entityManager injected with the @PersistenceContext(unitName="orm1") annotation. here is my beans file: Code:

88. Unable to inject entityManagerFactory / NullPointerException    forum.springsource.org

Unable to inject entityManagerFactory / NullPointerException hi, since 3 days i'm trying to inject a EntityManager or EntityManagerFactory into my Dao to access the DB. But the field is always null... ...

89. Entity manager has not been injected    forum.springsource.org

Entity manager has not been injected Hi, I'm trying to implement a simple application. I have a simple class (I took it from http://blog.springsource.com/2009/05/27/roo-part-2/) Code: @Entity @RooJavaBean @RooToString @RooEntity public class ...

90. EntityManager not injected when running JUnit testcase    forum.springsource.org

Nov 17th, 2009, 04:03 AM #1 knoxor View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Member Join Date Jan 2009 Posts 38 EntityManager not injected when running JUnit testcase Hi, I am ...

91. EntityManager not being injected    forum.springsource.org

92. JPA's Context Injection with Hibernate as engine    forum.springsource.org

JPA's Context Injection with Hibernate as engine I'm trying to use JPA's Context Injection with Hibernate as the engine. Below is my code and currently it fails to have the context ...

93. Injection issue using HibernateDAOSupport    forum.springsource.org

Injection issue using HibernateDAOSupport I'm trying to extend my dao classes from HibernateDAOSupport. If I do not extend HibernateDAOSupport injection of HibernateTemplate onto the class succeeds but as soon as I ...

94. Howto inject a bean into a JPA entity    forum.springsource.org

Hello spring users I have a domain object which is a JPA entity. Is there a way to inject a spring managed bean into all instances of this entity class automatically? ...

95. Hibernate, JSR-303 and Spring injection    forum.springsource.org

"By default, the LocalValidatorFactoryBean configures a SpringConstraintValidatorFactory that uses Spring to create ConstraintValidator instances. This allows your custom ConstraintValidators to benefit from dependency injection like any other Spring bean."

96. Injecting HibernateSession in a JPA-based project    forum.springsource.org

I'm working on a Spring-based web application using Hibernate as the persistence provider. Currently all DAO code is using JPA EntityManager, the transaction manager is set to JpaTransactionManager and so on... ...

97. spring+openjpa in osgi: what to inject    forum.springsource.org

spring+openjpa in osgi: what to inject Hi everybody, i try to use spring and openjpa in an osgi environment. The problem i have is the following: i have one bundle for ...

98. JSR-303 dependency injection and Hibernate    forum.springsource.org

Spring 3.0.2 Hibernate 3.5.0 Hibernate-Validator 4.0.2.GA I am trying to inject Spring dependencies into a ConstraintValidator using: Code: @PersistenceContext private EntityManager entityManager; I have configured the application context with: Code:

99. How can I inject EntityManager into lazy-loaded JPA objects?    forum.springsource.org

Jun 1st, 2010, 05:14 PM #1 snies View Profile View Forum Posts Private Message Junior Member Join Date May 2010 Posts 3 How can I inject EntityManager into lazy-loaded JPA objects? ...

100. EntityManager is not Injected - always NULL ( j2se +Spring + JPA)    forum.springsource.org

EntityManager is not Injected - always NULL ( j2se +Spring + JPA) EntityManager is always null when I try to use Spring + JPA with Toplink in a standalone application. What ...