I am upgrading to hibernate 2.1.3 from 2.0.1 and upgrading from jcs to ehcache. In section 14.3 of the documentation, the following line is present: Alternatively (preferrably?), you may specify and elements in hibernate.cfg.xml. This is great except that in section 1.1, in the example hibernate.cfg.xml, here is the header for the xml file: