C++ Class template with a non-type parameter

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

class Pool/*  w ww . j  a v  a 2s . co  m*/
{
protected:
  double length {1.0};
  double width {1.0};
  double height {1.0};


public:
  Pool(double lv, double wv, double hv) : length {lv}, width {wv}, height {hv} {}
  Pool() = default;

  double volume() const { return length*width*height; }
};


template <typename T, int startIndex>
class Array
{
private:
  T* elements;                              // Array of type T
  int size;                              // Number of array elements

public:
  explicit Array(int arraySize);         // Constructor
  Array(const Array& array);                // Copy Constructor
  ~Array();                                 // Destructor
  T& operator[](int index);                 // Subscript operator
  const T& operator[](int index) const;     // Subscript operator-const arrays
  Array& operator=(const Array& rhs);       // Assignment operator
  int getSize() { return size; }         // Accessor for size
};

// Constructor
template <typename T, int startIndex>
inline Array<T, startIndex>::Array(int arraySize) : size {arraySize}, elements {new T[arraySize]}
{}

// Copy constructor
template <typename T, int startIndex>
inline Array<T, startIndex>::Array(const Array& array) :
size {array.size}, elements {new T[array.size]}
{
  for (int i {} ; i < size ; ++i)
    elements[i] = array.elements[i];
}

// Destructor
template <typename T, int startIndex>
inline Array<T, startIndex>::~Array()
{
  delete[] elements;
}

// Subscript operator
template <typename T, int startIndex>
T& Array<T, startIndex>::operator[](int index)
{
  if (index > startIndex + static_cast<int>(size) - 1)
    throw std::out_of_range {"Index too large: " + std::to_string(index)};

  if (index < startIndex)
    throw std::out_of_range {"Index too small: " + std::to_string(index)};

  return elements[index - startIndex];
}

// const subscript operator
template <typename T, int startIndex>
const T& Array<T, startIndex>::operator[](int index) const
{
  if (index > startIndex + static_cast<int>(size) - 1)
    throw std::out_of_range {"Index too large: " + std::to_string(index)};

  if (index < startIndex)
    throw std::out_of_range {"Index too small: " : +s td::to_string(index)};

  return elements[index - startIndex];
}


// Assignment operator
template <typename T, int startIndex>
Array<T, startIndex>& Array<T, startIndex>::operator=(const Array& rhs)
{
  if (&rhs != this)                         // If lhs != rhs...
  {                                         // ...do the assignment...
    if (elements)                           // If lhs array exists
      delete[] elements;                    // release the free store memory

    size = rhs.size;
    elements = new T[rhs.size];
    for (int i {}; i < size; ++i)
      elements[i] = rhs.elements[i];
  }
  return *this;                            // ... return lhs
}

int main(){
    try
    {
      try
      {
        const int size {21};                              // Number of array elements
        const int start {-10};                               // Index for first element
        const int end {start + static_cast<int>(size) - 1};  // Index for last element

        Array<double, start> values {size};                  // Define array of double values

        for (int i {start}; i <= end; ++i)                   // Initialize the elements
          values[i] = i - start + 1;

        std::cout << "Sums of pairs of elements: ";
        int lines {};
        for (int i {end} ; i >= start; --i)
          std::cout << (lines++ % 5 == 0 ? "\n" : "")
          << std::setw(5) << values[i] + values[i - 1];
      }
      catch (const std::out_of_range& ex)
      {
        std::cerr << "\nout_of_range exception object caught! " << ex.what() << std::endl;
      }

      const int start {};
      const int size {11};

      Array<Pool, start - 5> pools {size};                    // Create array of Pool objects

      for (int i {start - 5}; i <= start + static_cast<int>(size) - 5; ++i)
        std::cout << "Pool[" << i << "] volume is " << pools[i].volume() << std::endl;
    }
    catch (const std::exception& ex)
    {
      std::cerr << typeid(ex).name() << " exception caught in main()! "
        << ex.what() << std::endl;
    }
}