The following code shows that the variable counter has the initial value NULL, by default.
The example shows that NULL is different from zero.
SQL> SQL> DECLARE-- from w w w. jav a 2 s . c om 2 counter INTEGER; -- initial value is NULL by default 3 BEGIN 4 counter := counter + 1; -- NULL + 1 is still NULL 5 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('counter'||TO_CHAR(counter)); 6 7 IF counter IS NULL THEN 8 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('counter is NULL.'); 9 END IF; 10 END; 11 / counter counter is NULL. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL>