org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java Source code

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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation;

import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.TypeConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InjectionPoint;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.LookupOverride;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.core.BridgeMethodResolver;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.PriorityOrdered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotation;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations.SearchStrategy;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor BeanPostProcessor}
 * implementation that autowires annotated fields, setter methods, and arbitrary
 * config methods. Such members to be injected are detected through annotations:
 * by default, Spring's {@link Autowired @Autowired} and {@link Value @Value}
 * annotations.
 *
 * <p>Also supports JSR-330's {@link javax.inject.Inject @Inject} annotation,
 * if available, as a direct alternative to Spring's own {@code @Autowired}.
 *
 * <h3>Autowired Constructors</h3>
 * <p>Only one constructor of any given bean class may declare this annotation with
 * the 'required' attribute set to {@code true}, indicating <i>the</i> constructor
 * to autowire when used as a Spring bean. Furthermore, if the 'required' attribute
 * is set to {@code true}, only a single constructor may be annotated with
 * {@code @Autowired}. If multiple <i>non-required</i> constructors declare the
 * annotation, they will be considered as candidates for autowiring. The constructor
 * with the greatest number of dependencies that can be satisfied by matching beans
 * in the Spring container will be chosen. If none of the candidates can be satisfied,
 * then a primary/default constructor (if present) will be used. If a class only
 * declares a single constructor to begin with, it will always be used, even if not
 * annotated. An annotated constructor does not have to be public.
 *
 * <h3>Autowired Fields</h3>
 * <p>Fields are injected right after construction of a bean, before any
 * config methods are invoked. Such a config field does not have to be public.
 *
 * <h3>Autowired Methods</h3>
 * <p>Config methods may have an arbitrary name and any number of arguments; each of
 * those arguments will be autowired with a matching bean in the Spring container.
 * Bean property setter methods are effectively just a special case of such a
 * general config method. Config methods do not have to be public.
 *
 * <h3>Annotation Config vs. XML Config</h3>
 * <p>A default {@code AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor} will be registered
 * by the "context:annotation-config" and "context:component-scan" XML tags.
 * Remove or turn off the default annotation configuration there if you intend
 * to specify a custom {@code AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor} bean definition.
 *
 * <p><b>NOTE:</b> Annotation injection will be performed <i>before</i> XML injection;
 * thus the latter configuration will override the former for properties wired through
 * both approaches.
 *
 * <h3>{@literal @}Lookup Methods</h3>
 * <p>In addition to regular injection points as discussed above, this post-processor
 * also handles Spring's {@link Lookup @Lookup} annotation which identifies lookup
 * methods to be replaced by the container at runtime. This is essentially a type-safe
 * version of {@code getBean(Class, args)} and {@code getBean(String, args)}.
 * See {@link Lookup @Lookup's javadoc} for details.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Mark Fisher
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @author Sebastien Deleuze
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @since 2.5
 * @see #setAutowiredAnnotationType
 * @see Autowired
 * @see Value
 */
public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter
        implements MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered, BeanFactoryAware {

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    private final Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> autowiredAnnotationTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);

    private String requiredParameterName = "required";

    private boolean requiredParameterValue = true;

    private int order = Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 2;

    @Nullable
    private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;

    private final Set<String> lookupMethodsChecked = Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256));

    private final Map<Class<?>, Constructor<?>[]> candidateConstructorsCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

    private final Map<String, InjectionMetadata> injectionMetadataCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

    /**
     * Create a new {@code AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor} for Spring's
     * standard {@link Autowired @Autowired} annotation.
     * <p>Also supports JSR-330's {@link javax.inject.Inject @Inject} annotation,
     * if available.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
        try {
            this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils
                    .forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));
            logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            // JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the 'autowired' annotation type, to be used on constructors, fields,
     * setter methods and arbitrary config methods.
     * <p>The default autowired annotation type is the Spring-provided {@link Autowired}
     * annotation, as well as {@link Value}.
     * <p>This setter property exists so that developers can provide their own
     * (non-Spring-specific) annotation type to indicate that a member is supposed
     * to be autowired.
     */
    public void setAutowiredAnnotationType(Class<? extends Annotation> autowiredAnnotationType) {
        Assert.notNull(autowiredAnnotationType, "'autowiredAnnotationType' must not be null");
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.clear();
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(autowiredAnnotationType);
    }

    /**
     * Set the 'autowired' annotation types, to be used on constructors, fields,
     * setter methods and arbitrary config methods.
     * <p>The default autowired annotation type is the Spring-provided {@link Autowired}
     * annotation, as well as {@link Value}.
     * <p>This setter property exists so that developers can provide their own
     * (non-Spring-specific) annotation types to indicate that a member is supposed
     * to be autowired.
     */
    public void setAutowiredAnnotationTypes(Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
        Assert.notEmpty(autowiredAnnotationTypes, "'autowiredAnnotationTypes' must not be empty");
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.clear();
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.addAll(autowiredAnnotationTypes);
    }

    /**
     * Set the name of a parameter of the annotation that specifies whether it is required.
     * @see #setRequiredParameterValue(boolean)
     */
    public void setRequiredParameterName(String requiredParameterName) {
        this.requiredParameterName = requiredParameterName;
    }

    /**
     * Set the boolean value that marks a dependency as required
     * <p>For example if using 'required=true' (the default), this value should be
     * {@code true}; but if using 'optional=false', this value should be {@code false}.
     * @see #setRequiredParameterName(String)
     */
    public void setRequiredParameterValue(boolean requiredParameterValue) {
        this.requiredParameterValue = requiredParameterValue;
    }

    public void setOrder(int order) {
        this.order = order;
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return this.order;
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        if (!(beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor requires a ConfigurableListableBeanFactory: "
                            + beanFactory);
        }
        this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
    }

    @Override
    public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanType,
            String beanName) {
        InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
        metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
    }

    @Override
    public void resetBeanDefinition(String beanName) {
        this.lookupMethodsChecked.remove(beanName);
        this.injectionMetadataCache.remove(beanName);
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public Constructor<?>[] determineCandidateConstructors(Class<?> beanClass, final String beanName)
            throws BeanCreationException {

        // Let's check for lookup methods here..
        if (!this.lookupMethodsChecked.contains(beanName)) {
            if (AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(beanClass, Lookup.class)) {
                try {
                    Class<?> targetClass = beanClass;
                    do {
                        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
                            Lookup lookup = method.getAnnotation(Lookup.class);
                            if (lookup != null) {
                                Assert.state(this.beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
                                LookupOverride override = new LookupOverride(method, lookup.value());
                                try {
                                    RootBeanDefinition mbd = (RootBeanDefinition) this.beanFactory
                                            .getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName);
                                    mbd.getMethodOverrides().addOverride(override);
                                } catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                                    throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                                            "Cannot apply @Lookup to beans without corresponding bean definition");
                                }
                            }
                        });
                        targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
                    } while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

                } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Lookup method resolution failed", ex);
                }
            }
            this.lookupMethodsChecked.add(beanName);
        }

        // Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
        Constructor<?>[] candidateConstructors = this.candidateConstructorsCache.get(beanClass);
        if (candidateConstructors == null) {
            // Fully synchronized resolution now...
            synchronized (this.candidateConstructorsCache) {
                candidateConstructors = this.candidateConstructorsCache.get(beanClass);
                if (candidateConstructors == null) {
                    Constructor<?>[] rawCandidates;
                    try {
                        rawCandidates = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructors();
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                                "Resolution of declared constructors on bean Class [" + beanClass.getName()
                                        + "] from ClassLoader [" + beanClass.getClassLoader() + "] failed",
                                ex);
                    }
                    List<Constructor<?>> candidates = new ArrayList<>(rawCandidates.length);
                    Constructor<?> requiredConstructor = null;
                    Constructor<?> defaultConstructor = null;
                    Constructor<?> primaryConstructor = BeanUtils.findPrimaryConstructor(beanClass);
                    int nonSyntheticConstructors = 0;
                    for (Constructor<?> candidate : rawCandidates) {
                        if (!candidate.isSynthetic()) {
                            nonSyntheticConstructors++;
                        } else if (primaryConstructor != null) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(candidate);
                        if (ann == null) {
                            Class<?> userClass = ClassUtils.getUserClass(beanClass);
                            if (userClass != beanClass) {
                                try {
                                    Constructor<?> superCtor = userClass
                                            .getDeclaredConstructor(candidate.getParameterTypes());
                                    ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(superCtor);
                                } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
                                    // Simply proceed, no equivalent superclass constructor found...
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (ann != null) {
                            if (requiredConstructor != null) {
                                throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Invalid autowire-marked constructor: "
                                        + candidate
                                        + ". Found constructor with 'required' Autowired annotation already: "
                                        + requiredConstructor);
                            }
                            boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                            if (required) {
                                if (!candidates.isEmpty()) {
                                    throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                                            "Invalid autowire-marked constructors: " + candidates
                                                    + ". Found constructor with 'required' Autowired annotation: "
                                                    + candidate);
                                }
                                requiredConstructor = candidate;
                            }
                            candidates.add(candidate);
                        } else if (candidate.getParameterCount() == 0) {
                            defaultConstructor = candidate;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!candidates.isEmpty()) {
                        // Add default constructor to list of optional constructors, as fallback.
                        if (requiredConstructor == null) {
                            if (defaultConstructor != null) {
                                candidates.add(defaultConstructor);
                            } else if (candidates.size() == 1 && logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                                logger.info("Inconsistent constructor declaration on bean with name '" + beanName
                                        + "': single autowire-marked constructor flagged as optional - "
                                        + "this constructor is effectively required since there is no "
                                        + "default constructor to fall back to: " + candidates.get(0));
                            }
                        }
                        candidateConstructors = candidates.toArray(new Constructor<?>[0]);
                    } else if (rawCandidates.length == 1 && rawCandidates[0].getParameterCount() > 0) {
                        candidateConstructors = new Constructor<?>[] { rawCandidates[0] };
                    } else if (nonSyntheticConstructors == 2 && primaryConstructor != null
                            && defaultConstructor != null && !primaryConstructor.equals(defaultConstructor)) {
                        candidateConstructors = new Constructor<?>[] { primaryConstructor, defaultConstructor };
                    } else if (nonSyntheticConstructors == 1 && primaryConstructor != null) {
                        candidateConstructors = new Constructor<?>[] { primaryConstructor };
                    } else {
                        candidateConstructors = new Constructor<?>[0];
                    }
                    this.candidateConstructorsCache.put(beanClass, candidateConstructors);
                }
            }
        }
        return (candidateConstructors.length > 0 ? candidateConstructors : null);
    }

    @Override
    public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
        InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
        try {
            metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
        } catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
            throw ex;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
        }
        return pvs;
    }

    @Deprecated
    @Override
    public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean,
            String beanName) {

        return postProcessProperties(pvs, bean, beanName);
    }

    /**
     * 'Native' processing method for direct calls with an arbitrary target instance,
     * resolving all of its fields and methods which are annotated with {@code @Autowired}.
     * @param bean the target instance to process
     * @throws BeanCreationException if autowiring failed
     */
    public void processInjection(Object bean) throws BeanCreationException {
        Class<?> clazz = bean.getClass();
        InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(clazz.getName(), clazz, null);
        try {
            metadata.inject(bean, null, null);
        } catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
            throw ex;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException("Injection of autowired dependencies failed for class [" + clazz + "]",
                    ex);
        }
    }

    private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz,
            @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
        // Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
        String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
        // Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
        InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
        if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
            synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
                metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
                if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
                    if (metadata != null) {
                        metadata.clear(pvs);
                    }
                    metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
                    this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
                }
            }
        }
        return metadata;
    }

    private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
        if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
            return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
        }

        List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
        Class<?> targetClass = clazz;

        do {
            final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();

            ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
                MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
                if (ann != null) {
                    if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
                        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                            logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                    boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                    currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
                }
            });

            ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
                Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
                if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
                    return;
                }
                MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
                if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
                    if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
                        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                            logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                    if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
                        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                            logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: "
                                    + method);
                        }
                    }
                    boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                    PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
                    currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
                }
            });

            elements.addAll(0, currElements);
            targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
        } while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

        return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
    }

    @Nullable
    private MergedAnnotation<?> findAutowiredAnnotation(AccessibleObject ao) {
        MergedAnnotations annotations = MergedAnnotations.from(ao, SearchStrategy.INHERITED_ANNOTATIONS);
        for (Class<? extends Annotation> type : this.autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
            MergedAnnotation<?> annotation = annotations.get(type);
            if (annotation.isPresent()) {
                return annotation;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the annotated field or method requires its dependency.
     * <p>A 'required' dependency means that autowiring should fail when no beans
     * are found. Otherwise, the autowiring process will simply bypass the field
     * or method when no beans are found.
     * @param ann the Autowired annotation
     * @return whether the annotation indicates that a dependency is required
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "cast" })
    protected boolean determineRequiredStatus(MergedAnnotation<?> ann) {
        // The following (AnnotationAttributes) cast is required on JDK 9+.
        return determineRequiredStatus((AnnotationAttributes) ann
                .asMap(mergedAnnotation -> new AnnotationAttributes(mergedAnnotation.getType())));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the annotated field or method requires its dependency.
     * <p>A 'required' dependency means that autowiring should fail when no beans
     * are found. Otherwise, the autowiring process will simply bypass the field
     * or method when no beans are found.
     * @param ann the Autowired annotation
     * @return whether the annotation indicates that a dependency is required
     * @deprecated since 5.2, in favor of {@link #determineRequiredStatus(MergedAnnotation)}
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected boolean determineRequiredStatus(AnnotationAttributes ann) {
        return (!ann.containsKey(this.requiredParameterName)
                || this.requiredParameterValue == ann.getBoolean(this.requiredParameterName));
    }

    /**
     * Obtain all beans of the given type as autowire candidates.
     * @param type the type of the bean
     * @return the target beans, or an empty Collection if no bean of this type is found
     * @throws BeansException if bean retrieval failed
     */
    protected <T> Map<String, T> findAutowireCandidates(Class<T> type) throws BeansException {
        if (this.beanFactory == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("No BeanFactory configured - "
                    + "override the getBeanOfType method or specify the 'beanFactory' property");
        }
        return BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(this.beanFactory, type);
    }

    /**
     * Register the specified bean as dependent on the autowired beans.
     */
    private void registerDependentBeans(@Nullable String beanName, Set<String> autowiredBeanNames) {
        if (beanName != null) {
            for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
                if (this.beanFactory != null && this.beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) {
                    this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, beanName);
                }
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("Autowiring by type from bean name '" + beanName + "' to bean named '"
                            + autowiredBeanName + "'");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the specified cached method argument or field value.
     */
    @Nullable
    private Object resolvedCachedArgument(@Nullable String beanName, @Nullable Object cachedArgument) {
        if (cachedArgument instanceof DependencyDescriptor) {
            DependencyDescriptor descriptor = (DependencyDescriptor) cachedArgument;
            Assert.state(this.beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
            return this.beanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor, beanName, null, null);
        } else {
            return cachedArgument;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Class representing injection information about an annotated field.
     */
    private class AutowiredFieldElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {

        private final boolean required;

        private volatile boolean cached = false;

        @Nullable
        private volatile Object cachedFieldValue;

        public AutowiredFieldElement(Field field, boolean required) {
            super(field, null);
            this.required = required;
        }

        @Override
        protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs)
                throws Throwable {
            Field field = (Field) this.member;
            Object value;
            if (this.cached) {
                value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
            } else {
                DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
                desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
                Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
                Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
                TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
                try {
                    value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
                } catch (BeansException ex) {
                    throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
                }
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (!this.cached) {
                        if (value != null || this.required) {
                            this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
                            registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
                            if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
                                String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
                                if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)
                                        && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
                                    this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(desc,
                                            autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            this.cachedFieldValue = null;
                        }
                        this.cached = true;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (value != null) {
                ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
                field.set(bean, value);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Class representing injection information about an annotated method.
     */
    private class AutowiredMethodElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {

        private final boolean required;

        private volatile boolean cached = false;

        @Nullable
        private volatile Object[] cachedMethodArguments;

        public AutowiredMethodElement(Method method, boolean required, @Nullable PropertyDescriptor pd) {
            super(method, pd);
            this.required = required;
        }

        @Override
        protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs)
                throws Throwable {
            if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
                return;
            }
            Method method = (Method) this.member;
            Object[] arguments;
            if (this.cached) {
                // Shortcut for avoiding synchronization...
                arguments = resolveCachedArguments(beanName);
            } else {
                Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                arguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
                DependencyDescriptor[] descriptors = new DependencyDescriptor[paramTypes.length];
                Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(paramTypes.length);
                Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
                TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
                for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                    MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(method, i);
                    DependencyDescriptor currDesc = new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, this.required);
                    currDesc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
                    descriptors[i] = currDesc;
                    try {
                        Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeans,
                                typeConverter);
                        if (arg == null && !this.required) {
                            arguments = null;
                            break;
                        }
                        arguments[i] = arg;
                    } catch (BeansException ex) {
                        throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam),
                                ex);
                    }
                }
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (!this.cached) {
                        if (arguments != null) {
                            Object[] cachedMethodArguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
                            System.arraycopy(descriptors, 0, cachedMethodArguments, 0, arguments.length);
                            registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeans);
                            if (autowiredBeans.size() == paramTypes.length) {
                                Iterator<String> it = autowiredBeans.iterator();
                                for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
                                    String autowiredBeanName = it.next();
                                    if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)
                                            && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i])) {
                                        cachedMethodArguments[i] = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptors[i],
                                                autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i]);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            this.cachedMethodArguments = cachedMethodArguments;
                        } else {
                            this.cachedMethodArguments = null;
                        }
                        this.cached = true;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (arguments != null) {
                try {
                    ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
                    method.invoke(bean, arguments);
                } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
                    throw ex.getTargetException();
                }
            }
        }

        @Nullable
        private Object[] resolveCachedArguments(@Nullable String beanName) {
            Object[] cachedMethodArguments = this.cachedMethodArguments;
            if (cachedMethodArguments == null) {
                return null;
            }
            Object[] arguments = new Object[cachedMethodArguments.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                arguments[i] = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, cachedMethodArguments[i]);
            }
            return arguments;
        }
    }

    /**
     * DependencyDescriptor variant with a pre-resolved target bean name.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    private static class ShortcutDependencyDescriptor extends DependencyDescriptor {

        private final String shortcut;

        private final Class<?> requiredType;

        public ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original, String shortcut, Class<?> requiredType) {
            super(original);
            this.shortcut = shortcut;
            this.requiredType = requiredType;
        }

        @Override
        public Object resolveShortcut(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
            return beanFactory.getBean(this.shortcut, this.requiredType);
        }
    }

}