org.springframework.batch.item.database.AbstractCursorItemReader.java Source code

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/*
 * Copyright 2006-2013 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.batch.item.database;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import java.sql.Statement;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ExecutionContext;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemStream;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ReaderNotOpenException;
import org.springframework.batch.item.support.AbstractItemCountingItemStreamItemReader;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException;
import org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.SQLWarningException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLExceptionTranslator;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

/**
 * <p>
 * Abstract base class for any simple item reader that opens a database cursor and continually retrieves
 * the next row in the ResultSet.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * By default the cursor will be opened using a separate connection. The ResultSet for the cursor
 * is held open regardless of commits or roll backs in a surrounding transaction. Clients of this
 * reader are responsible for buffering the items in the case that they need to be re-presented on a
 * rollback. This buffering is handled by the step implementations provided and is only a concern for
 * anyone writing their own step implementations.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * There is an option ({@link #setUseSharedExtendedConnection(boolean)} that will share the connection
 * used for the cursor with the rest of the step processing. If you set this flag to <code>true</code>
 * then you must wrap the DataSource in a {@link ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy} to prevent the
 * connection from being closed and released after each commit performed as part of the step processing.
 * You must also use a JDBC driver supporting JDBC 3.0 or later since the cursor will be opened with the
 * additional option of 'HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT' enabled.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Each call to {@link #read()} will attempt to map the row at the current position in the
 * ResultSet. There is currently no wrapping of the ResultSet to suppress calls
 * to next(). However, if the RowMapper (mistakenly) increments the current row,
 * the next call to read will verify that the current row is at the expected
 * position and throw a DataAccessException if it is not. The reason for such strictness on the
 * ResultSet is due to the need to maintain control for transactions and
 * restartability. This ensures that each call to {@link #read()} returns the
 * ResultSet at the correct row, regardless of rollbacks or restarts.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * {@link ExecutionContext}: The current row is returned as restart data, and
 * when restored from that same data, the cursor is opened and the current row
 * set to the value within the restart data. See
 * {@link #setDriverSupportsAbsolute(boolean)} for improving restart
 * performance.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Calling close on this {@link ItemStream} will cause all resources it is
 * currently using to be freed. (Connection, ResultSet, etc). It is then illegal
 * to call {@link #read()} again until it has been re-opened.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Known limitation: when used with Derby
 * {@link #setVerifyCursorPosition(boolean)} needs to be <code>false</code>
 * because {@link ResultSet#getRow()} call used for cursor position verification
 * is not available for 'TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY' result sets.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author Lucas Ward
 * @author Peter Zozom
 * @author Robert Kasanicky
 * @author Thomas Risberg
 */
public abstract class AbstractCursorItemReader<T> extends AbstractItemCountingItemStreamItemReader<T>
        implements InitializingBean {

    /** Logger available to subclasses */
    protected final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    public static final int VALUE_NOT_SET = -1;
    private Connection con;

    protected ResultSet rs;

    private DataSource dataSource;

    private int fetchSize = VALUE_NOT_SET;

    private int maxRows = VALUE_NOT_SET;

    private int queryTimeout = VALUE_NOT_SET;

    private boolean ignoreWarnings = true;

    private boolean verifyCursorPosition = true;

    private SQLExceptionTranslator exceptionTranslator;

    private boolean initialized = false;

    private boolean driverSupportsAbsolute = false;

    private boolean useSharedExtendedConnection = false;

    public AbstractCursorItemReader() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Assert that mandatory properties are set.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either data source or SQL properties
     * not set.
     */
    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        Assert.notNull(dataSource, "DataSource must be provided");
    }

    /**
     * Public setter for the data source for injection purposes.
     *
     * @param dataSource {@link javax.sql.DataSource} to be used
     */
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    /**
     * Public getter for the data source.
     *
     * @return the dataSource
     */
    public DataSource getDataSource() {
        return this.dataSource;
    }

    /**
     * Prepare the given JDBC Statement (or PreparedStatement or
     * CallableStatement), applying statement settings such as fetch size, max
     * rows, and query timeout. @param stmt the JDBC Statement to prepare
     *
     * @param stmt {@link java.sql.PreparedStatement} to be configured
     *
     * @throws SQLException if interactions with provided stmt fail
     *
     * @see #setFetchSize
     * @see #setMaxRows
     * @see #setQueryTimeout
     */
    protected void applyStatementSettings(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException {
        if (fetchSize != VALUE_NOT_SET) {
            stmt.setFetchSize(fetchSize);
            stmt.setFetchDirection(ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD);
        }
        if (maxRows != VALUE_NOT_SET) {
            stmt.setMaxRows(maxRows);
        }
        if (queryTimeout != VALUE_NOT_SET) {
            stmt.setQueryTimeout(queryTimeout);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a default SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator for the specified
     * DataSource if none is set.
     *
     * @return the exception translator for this instance.
     */
    protected SQLExceptionTranslator getExceptionTranslator() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (exceptionTranslator == null) {
                if (dataSource != null) {
                    exceptionTranslator = new SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator(dataSource);
                } else {
                    exceptionTranslator = new SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator();
                }
            }
        }
        return exceptionTranslator;
    }

    /**
     * Throw a SQLWarningException if we're not ignoring warnings, else log the
     * warnings (at debug level).
     *
     * @param statement the current statement to obtain the warnings from, if there are any.
     * @throws SQLException if interaction with provided statement fails.
     *
     * @see org.springframework.jdbc.SQLWarningException
     */
    protected void handleWarnings(Statement statement) throws SQLWarningException, SQLException {
        if (ignoreWarnings) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                SQLWarning warningToLog = statement.getWarnings();
                while (warningToLog != null) {
                    log.debug("SQLWarning ignored: SQL state '" + warningToLog.getSQLState() + "', error code '"
                            + warningToLog.getErrorCode() + "', message [" + warningToLog.getMessage() + "]");
                    warningToLog = warningToLog.getNextWarning();
                }
            }
        } else {
            SQLWarning warnings = statement.getWarnings();
            if (warnings != null) {
                throw new SQLWarningException("Warning not ignored", warnings);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Moves the cursor in the ResultSet to the position specified by the row
     * parameter by traversing the ResultSet.
     * @param row
     */
    private void moveCursorToRow(int row) {
        try {
            int count = 0;
            while (row != count && rs.next()) {
                count++;
            }
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("Attempted to move ResultSet to last committed row", getSql(),
                    se);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gives the JDBC driver a hint as to the number of rows that should be
     * fetched from the database when more rows are needed for this
     * <code>ResultSet</code> object. If the fetch size specified is zero, the
     * JDBC driver ignores the value.
     *
     * @param fetchSize the number of rows to fetch
     * @see ResultSet#setFetchSize(int)
     */
    public void setFetchSize(int fetchSize) {
        this.fetchSize = fetchSize;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any
     * <code>ResultSet</code> object can contain to the given number.
     *
     * @param maxRows the new max rows limit; zero means there is no limit
     * @see Statement#setMaxRows(int)
     */
    public void setMaxRows(int maxRows) {
        this.maxRows = maxRows;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the number of seconds the driver will wait for a
     * <code>Statement</code> object to execute to the given number of seconds.
     * If the limit is exceeded, an <code>SQLException</code> is thrown.
     *
     * @param queryTimeout seconds the new query timeout limit in seconds; zero
     * means there is no limit
     * @see Statement#setQueryTimeout(int)
     */
    public void setQueryTimeout(int queryTimeout) {
        this.queryTimeout = queryTimeout;
    }

    /**
     * Set whether SQLWarnings should be ignored (only logged) or exception
     * should be thrown.
     *
     * @param ignoreWarnings if TRUE, warnings are ignored
     */
    public void setIgnoreWarnings(boolean ignoreWarnings) {
        this.ignoreWarnings = ignoreWarnings;
    }

    /**
     * Allow verification of cursor position after current row is processed by
     * RowMapper or RowCallbackHandler. Default value is TRUE.
     *
     * @param verifyCursorPosition if true, cursor position is verified
     */
    public void setVerifyCursorPosition(boolean verifyCursorPosition) {
        this.verifyCursorPosition = verifyCursorPosition;
    }

    /**
     * Indicate whether the JDBC driver supports setting the absolute row on a
     * {@link ResultSet}. It is recommended that this is set to
     * <code>true</code> for JDBC drivers that supports ResultSet.absolute() as
     * it may improve performance, especially if a step fails while working with
     * a large data set.
     *
     * @see ResultSet#absolute(int)
     *
     * @param driverSupportsAbsolute <code>false</code> by default
     */
    public void setDriverSupportsAbsolute(boolean driverSupportsAbsolute) {
        this.driverSupportsAbsolute = driverSupportsAbsolute;
    }

    /**
     * Indicate whether the connection used for the cursor should be used by all other processing
     * thus sharing the same transaction. If this is set to false, which is the default, then the
     * cursor will be opened using in its connection and will not participate in any transactions
     * started for the rest of the step processing. If you set this flag to true then you must
     * wrap the DataSource in a {@link ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy} to prevent the
     * connection from being closed and released after each commit.
     *
     * When you set this option to <code>true</code> then the statement used to open the cursor
     * will be created with both 'READ_ONLY' and 'HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT' options. This allows
     * holding the cursor open over transaction start and commits performed in the step processing.
     * To use this feature you need a database that supports this and a JDBC driver supporting
     * JDBC 3.0 or later.
     *
     * @param useSharedExtendedConnection <code>false</code> by default
     */
    public void setUseSharedExtendedConnection(boolean useSharedExtendedConnection) {
        this.useSharedExtendedConnection = useSharedExtendedConnection;
    }

    public boolean isUseSharedExtendedConnection() {
        return useSharedExtendedConnection;
    }

    public abstract String getSql();

    /**
     * Check the result set is in synch with the currentRow attribute. This is
     * important to ensure that the user hasn't modified the current row.
     */
    private void verifyCursorPosition(long expectedCurrentRow) throws SQLException {
        if (verifyCursorPosition) {
            if (expectedCurrentRow != this.rs.getRow()) {
                throw new InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException("Unexpected cursor position change.");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Close the cursor and database connection. Make call to cleanupOnClose so sub classes can cleanup
     * any resources they have allocated.
     */
    @Override
    protected void doClose() throws Exception {
        initialized = false;
        JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(this.rs);
        rs = null;
        cleanupOnClose();
        if (useSharedExtendedConnection && dataSource instanceof ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy) {
            ((ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy) dataSource).stopCloseSuppression(this.con);
            if (!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()) {
                DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, dataSource);
            }
        } else {
            JdbcUtils.closeConnection(this.con);
        }
    }

    protected abstract void cleanupOnClose() throws Exception;

    /**
     * Execute the statement to open the cursor.
     */
    @Override
    protected void doOpen() throws Exception {

        Assert.state(!initialized, "Stream is already initialized.  Close before re-opening.");
        Assert.isNull(rs, "ResultSet still open!  Close before re-opening.");

        initializeConnection();
        openCursor(con);
        initialized = true;

    }

    protected void initializeConnection() {
        Assert.state(getDataSource() != null, "DataSource must not be null.");

        try {
            if (useSharedExtendedConnection) {
                if (!(getDataSource() instanceof ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy)) {
                    throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(
                            "You must use a ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy for the dataSource when "
                                    + "useSharedExtendedConnection is set to true.");
                }
                this.con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
                ((ExtendedConnectionDataSourceProxy) dataSource).startCloseSuppression(this.con);
            } else {
                this.con = dataSource.getConnection();
            }
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            close();
            throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("Executing query", getSql(), se);
        }
    }

    protected abstract void openCursor(Connection con);

    /**
     * Read next row and map it to item, verify cursor position if
     * {@link #setVerifyCursorPosition(boolean)} is true.
     */
    @Override
    protected T doRead() throws Exception {
        if (rs == null) {
            throw new ReaderNotOpenException("Reader must be open before it can be read.");
        }

        try {
            if (!rs.next()) {
                return null;
            }
            int currentRow = getCurrentItemCount();
            T item = readCursor(rs, currentRow);
            verifyCursorPosition(currentRow);
            return item;
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("Attempt to process next row failed", getSql(), se);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read the cursor and map to the type of object this reader should return. This method must be
     * overriden by subclasses.
     *
     * @param rs The current result set
     * @param currentRow Current position of the result set
     * @return the mapped object at the cursor position
     * @throws SQLException if interactions with the current result set fail
     */
    protected abstract T readCursor(ResultSet rs, int currentRow) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Use {@link ResultSet#absolute(int)} if possible, otherwise scroll by
     * calling {@link ResultSet#next()}.
     */
    @Override
    protected void jumpToItem(int itemIndex) throws Exception {
        if (driverSupportsAbsolute) {
            try {
                rs.absolute(itemIndex);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                // Driver does not support rs.absolute(int) revert to
                // traversing ResultSet
                log.warn(
                        "The JDBC driver does not appear to support ResultSet.absolute(). Consider"
                                + " reverting to the default behavior setting the driverSupportsAbsolute to false",
                        e);

                moveCursorToRow(itemIndex);
            }
        } else {
            moveCursorToRow(itemIndex);
        }
    }

}