Java tutorial
package org.oscim.gdx; /******************************************************************************* * Copyright 2011 Mario Zechner <badlogicgames@gmail.com> * Copyright 2011 Nathan Sweet <nathan.sweet@gmail.com> * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. ******************************************************************************/ import java.nio.Buffer; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.ByteOrder; import java.nio.DoubleBuffer; import java.nio.FloatBuffer; import java.nio.IntBuffer; import java.nio.ShortBuffer; import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils; import org.lwjgl.opengl.EXTFramebufferObject; import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11; import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13; import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL14; import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15; import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20; import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException; /** * An implementation of the {@link GL20} interface based on LWJGL. Note that * LWJGL shaders and OpenGL ES shaders will not be 100% * compatible. Some glGetXXX methods are not implemented. * * @author mzechner */ final class GdxGL20 implements org.oscim.backend.GL20 { public void glActiveTexture(int texture) { GL13.glActiveTexture(texture); } public void glAttachShader(int program, int shader) { GL20.glAttachShader(program, shader); } public void glBindAttribLocation(int program, int index, String name) { GL20.glBindAttribLocation(program, index, name); } public void glBindBuffer(int target, int buffer) { GL15.glBindBuffer(target, buffer); } public void glBindFramebuffer(int target, int framebuffer) { EXTFramebufferObject.glBindFramebufferEXT(target, framebuffer); } public void glBindRenderbuffer(int target, int renderbuffer) { EXTFramebufferObject.glBindRenderbufferEXT(target, renderbuffer); } public void glBindTexture(int target, int texture) { GL11.glBindTexture(target, texture); } public void glBlendColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) { GL14.glBlendColor(red, green, blue, alpha); } public void glBlendEquation(int mode) { GL14.glBlendEquation(mode); } public void glBlendEquationSeparate(int modeRGB, int modeAlpha) { GL20.glBlendEquationSeparate(modeRGB, modeAlpha); } public void glBlendFunc(int sfactor, int dfactor) { GL11.glBlendFunc(sfactor, dfactor); } public void glBlendFuncSeparate(int srcRGB, int dstRGB, int srcAlpha, int dstAlpha) { GL14.glBlendFuncSeparate(srcRGB, dstRGB, srcAlpha, dstAlpha); } public void glBufferData(int target, int size, Buffer data, int usage) { if (data == null) throw new GdxRuntimeException("Using null for the data not possible, blame LWJGL"); else if (data instanceof ByteBuffer) GL15.glBufferData(target, (ByteBuffer) data, usage); else if (data instanceof IntBuffer) GL15.glBufferData(target, (IntBuffer) data, usage); else if (data instanceof FloatBuffer) GL15.glBufferData(target, (FloatBuffer) data, usage); else if (data instanceof DoubleBuffer) GL15.glBufferData(target, (DoubleBuffer) data, usage); else if (data instanceof ShortBuffer) // GL15.glBufferData(target, (ShortBuffer) data, usage); } public void glBufferSubData(int target, int offset, int size, Buffer data) { if (data == null) throw new GdxRuntimeException("Using null for the data not possible, blame LWJGL"); else if (data instanceof ByteBuffer) GL15.glBufferSubData(target, offset, (ByteBuffer) data); else if (data instanceof IntBuffer) GL15.glBufferSubData(target, offset, (IntBuffer) data); else if (data instanceof FloatBuffer) GL15.glBufferSubData(target, offset, (FloatBuffer) data); else if (data instanceof DoubleBuffer) GL15.glBufferSubData(target, offset, (DoubleBuffer) data); else if (data instanceof ShortBuffer) // GL15.glBufferSubData(target, offset, (ShortBuffer) data); } public int glCheckFramebufferStatus(int target) { return EXTFramebufferObject.glCheckFramebufferStatusEXT(target); } public void glClear(int mask) { GL11.glClear(mask); } public void glClearColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) { GL11.glClearColor(red, green, blue, alpha); } public void glClearDepthf(float depth) { GL11.glClearDepth(depth); } public void glClearStencil(int s) { GL11.glClearStencil(s); } public void glColorMask(boolean red, boolean green, boolean blue, boolean alpha) { GL11.glColorMask(red, green, blue, alpha); } public void glCompileShader(int shader) { GL20.glCompileShader(shader); } public void glCompressedTexImage2D(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int imageSize, Buffer data) { if (data instanceof ByteBuffer) { GL13.glCompressedTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, (ByteBuffer) data); } else { throw new GdxRuntimeException( "Can't use " + data.getClass().getName() + " with this method. Use ByteBuffer instead."); } } public void glCompressedTexSubImage2D(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int imageSize, Buffer data) { throw new GdxRuntimeException("not implemented"); } public void glCopyTexImage2D(int target, int level, int internalformat, int x, int y, int width, int height, int border) { GL11.glCopyTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, x, y, width, height, border); } public void glCopyTexSubImage2D(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int x, int y, int width, int height) { GL11.glCopyTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, x, y, width, height); } public int glCreateProgram() { return GL20.glCreateProgram(); } public int glCreateShader(int type) { return GL20.glCreateShader(type); } public void glCullFace(int mode) { GL11.glCullFace(mode); } public void glDeleteBuffers(int n, IntBuffer buffers) { GL15.glDeleteBuffers(buffers); } public void glDeleteFramebuffers(int n, IntBuffer framebuffers) { EXTFramebufferObject.glDeleteFramebuffersEXT(framebuffers); } public void glDeleteProgram(int program) { GL20.glDeleteProgram(program); } public void glDeleteRenderbuffers(int n, IntBuffer renderbuffers) { EXTFramebufferObject.glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(renderbuffers); } public void glDeleteShader(int shader) { GL20.glDeleteShader(shader); } public void glDeleteTextures(int n, IntBuffer textures) { GL11.glDeleteTextures(textures); } public void glDepthFunc(int func) { GL11.glDepthFunc(func); } public void glDepthMask(boolean flag) { GL11.glDepthMask(flag); } public void glDepthRangef(float zNear, float zFar) { GL11.glDepthRange(zNear, zFar); } public void glDetachShader(int program, int shader) { GL20.glDetachShader(program, shader); } public void glDisable(int cap) { GL11.glDisable(cap); } public void glDisableVertexAttribArray(int index) { GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(index); } public void glDrawArrays(int mode, int first, int count) { GL11.glDrawArrays(mode, first, count); } public void glDrawElements(int mode, int count, int type, Buffer indices) { if (indices instanceof ShortBuffer && type == GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT) GL11.glDrawElements(mode, (ShortBuffer) indices); else if (indices instanceof ByteBuffer && type == GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT) GL11.glDrawElements(mode, ((ByteBuffer) indices).asShortBuffer()); // FIXME yay... else if (indices instanceof ByteBuffer && type == GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE) GL11.glDrawElements(mode, (ByteBuffer) indices); else throw new GdxRuntimeException("Can't use " + indices.getClass().getName() + " with this method. Use ShortBuffer or ByteBuffer instead. Blame LWJGL"); } public void glEnable(int cap) { GL11.glEnable(cap); } public void glEnableVertexAttribArray(int index) { GL20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(index); } public void glFinish() { GL11.glFinish(); } public void glFlush() { GL11.glFlush(); } public void glFramebufferRenderbuffer(int target, int attachment, int renderbuffertarget, int renderbuffer) { EXTFramebufferObject.glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(target, attachment, renderbuffertarget, renderbuffer); } public void glFramebufferTexture2D(int target, int attachment, int textarget, int texture, int level) { EXTFramebufferObject.glFramebufferTexture2DEXT(target, attachment, textarget, texture, level); } public void glFrontFace(int mode) { GL11.glFrontFace(mode); } public void glGenBuffers(int n, IntBuffer buffers) { GL15.glGenBuffers(buffers); } public void glGenFramebuffers(int n, IntBuffer framebuffers) { EXTFramebufferObject.glGenFramebuffersEXT(framebuffers); } public void glGenRenderbuffers(int n, IntBuffer renderbuffers) { EXTFramebufferObject.glGenRenderbuffersEXT(renderbuffers); } public void glGenTextures(int n, IntBuffer textures) { GL11.glGenTextures(textures); } public void glGenerateMipmap(int target) { EXTFramebufferObject.glGenerateMipmapEXT(target); } public String glGetActiveAttrib(int program, int index, IntBuffer size, Buffer type) { // FIXME this is less than ideal of course... IntBuffer typeTmp = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(2); String name = GL20.glGetActiveAttrib(program, index, 256, typeTmp); size.put(typeTmp.get(0)); if (type instanceof IntBuffer) ((IntBuffer) type).put(typeTmp.get(1)); return name; } public String glGetActiveUniform(int program, int index, IntBuffer size, Buffer type) { // FIXME this is less than ideal of course... IntBuffer typeTmp = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(2); String name = GL20.glGetActiveUniform(program, index, 256, typeTmp); size.put(typeTmp.get(0)); if (type instanceof IntBuffer) ((IntBuffer) type).put(typeTmp.get(1)); return name; } public void glGetAttachedShaders(int program, int maxcount, Buffer count, IntBuffer shaders) { GL20.glGetAttachedShaders(program, (IntBuffer) count, shaders); } public int glGetAttribLocation(int program, String name) { return GL20.glGetAttribLocation(program, name); } public void glGetBooleanv(int pname, Buffer params) { GL11.glGetBoolean(pname, (ByteBuffer) params); } public void glGetBufferParameteriv(int target, int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL15.glGetBufferParameter(target, pname, params); } public int glGetError() { return GL11.glGetError(); } public void glGetFloatv(int pname, FloatBuffer params) { GL11.glGetFloat(pname, params); } public void glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv(int target, int attachment, int pname, IntBuffer params) { EXTFramebufferObject.glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameterEXT(target, attachment, pname, params); } public void glGetIntegerv(int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL11.glGetInteger(pname, params); } public String glGetProgramInfoLog(int program) { ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024 * 10); buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); ByteBuffer tmp = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4); tmp.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); IntBuffer intBuffer = tmp.asIntBuffer(); GL20.glGetProgramInfoLog(program, intBuffer, buffer); int numBytes = intBuffer.get(0); byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes]; buffer.get(bytes); return new String(bytes); } public void glGetProgramiv(int program, int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL20.glGetProgram(program, pname, params); } public void glGetRenderbufferParameteriv(int target, int pname, IntBuffer params) { EXTFramebufferObject.glGetRenderbufferParameterEXT(target, pname, params); } public String glGetShaderInfoLog(int shader) { ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024 * 10); buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); ByteBuffer tmp = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4); tmp.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); IntBuffer intBuffer = tmp.asIntBuffer(); GL20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, intBuffer, buffer); int numBytes = intBuffer.get(0); byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes]; buffer.get(bytes); return new String(bytes); } public void glGetShaderPrecisionFormat(int shadertype, int precisiontype, IntBuffer range, IntBuffer precision) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("unsupported, won't implement"); } public void glGetShaderiv(int shader, int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL20.glGetShader(shader, pname, params); } public String glGetString(int name) { return GL11.glGetString(name); } public void glGetTexParameterfv(int target, int pname, FloatBuffer params) { GL11.glGetTexParameter(target, pname, params); } public void glGetTexParameteriv(int target, int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL11.glGetTexParameter(target, pname, params); } public int glGetUniformLocation(int program, String name) { return GL20.glGetUniformLocation(program, name); } public void glGetUniformfv(int program, int location, FloatBuffer params) { GL20.glGetUniform(program, location, params); } public void glGetUniformiv(int program, int location, IntBuffer params) { GL20.glGetUniform(program, location, params); } public void glGetVertexAttribPointerv(int index, int pname, Buffer pointer) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("unsupported, won't implement"); } public void glGetVertexAttribfv(int index, int pname, FloatBuffer params) { GL20.glGetVertexAttrib(index, pname, params); } public void glGetVertexAttribiv(int index, int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL20.glGetVertexAttrib(index, pname, params); } public void glHint(int target, int mode) { GL11.glHint(target, mode); } public boolean glIsBuffer(int buffer) { return GL15.glIsBuffer(buffer); } public boolean glIsEnabled(int cap) { return GL11.glIsEnabled(cap); } public boolean glIsFramebuffer(int framebuffer) { return EXTFramebufferObject.glIsFramebufferEXT(framebuffer); } public boolean glIsProgram(int program) { return GL20.glIsProgram(program); } public boolean glIsRenderbuffer(int renderbuffer) { return EXTFramebufferObject.glIsRenderbufferEXT(renderbuffer); } public boolean glIsShader(int shader) { return GL20.glIsShader(shader); } public boolean glIsTexture(int texture) { return GL11.glIsTexture(texture); } public void glLineWidth(float width) { GL11.glLineWidth(width); } public void glLinkProgram(int program) { GL20.glLinkProgram(program); } public void glPixelStorei(int pname, int param) { GL11.glPixelStorei(pname, param); } public void glPolygonOffset(float factor, float units) { GL11.glPolygonOffset(factor, units); } public void glReadPixels(int x, int y, int width, int height, int format, int type, Buffer pixels) { if (pixels instanceof ByteBuffer) GL11.glReadPixels(x, y, width, height, format, type, (ByteBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof ShortBuffer) GL11.glReadPixels(x, y, width, height, format, type, (ShortBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof IntBuffer) GL11.glReadPixels(x, y, width, height, format, type, (IntBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof FloatBuffer) GL11.glReadPixels(x, y, width, height, format, type, (FloatBuffer) pixels); else throw new GdxRuntimeException("Can't use " + pixels.getClass().getName() + " with this method. Use ByteBuffer, ShortBuffer, IntBuffer or FloatBuffer instead. Blame LWJGL"); } public void glReleaseShaderCompiler() { // nothing to do here } public void glRenderbufferStorage(int target, int internalformat, int width, int height) { EXTFramebufferObject.glRenderbufferStorageEXT(target, internalformat, width, height); } public void glSampleCoverage(float value, boolean invert) { GL13.glSampleCoverage(value, invert); } public void glScissor(int x, int y, int width, int height) { GL11.glScissor(x, y, width, height); } public void glShaderBinary(int n, IntBuffer shaders, int binaryformat, Buffer binary, int length) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("unsupported, won't implement"); } public void glShaderSource(int shader, String string) { GL20.glShaderSource(shader, string); } public void glStencilFunc(int func, int ref, int mask) { GL11.glStencilFunc(func, ref, mask); } public void glStencilFuncSeparate(int face, int func, int ref, int mask) { GL20.glStencilFuncSeparate(face, func, ref, mask); } public void glStencilMask(int mask) { GL11.glStencilMask(mask); } public void glStencilMaskSeparate(int face, int mask) { GL20.glStencilMaskSeparate(face, mask); } public void glStencilOp(int fail, int zfail, int zpass) { GL11.glStencilOp(fail, zfail, zpass); } public void glStencilOpSeparate(int face, int fail, int zfail, int zpass) { GL20.glStencilOpSeparate(face, fail, zfail, zpass); } public void glTexImage2D(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, Buffer pixels) { if (pixels == null) GL11.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (ByteBuffer) null); else if (pixels instanceof ByteBuffer) GL11.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (ByteBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof ShortBuffer) GL11.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (ShortBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof IntBuffer) GL11.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (IntBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof FloatBuffer) GL11.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (FloatBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof DoubleBuffer) GL11.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (DoubleBuffer) pixels); else throw new GdxRuntimeException("Can't use " + pixels.getClass().getName() + " with this method. Use ByteBuffer, ShortBuffer, IntBuffer, FloatBuffer or DoubleBuffer instead. Blame LWJGL"); } public void glTexParameterf(int target, int pname, float param) { GL11.glTexParameterf(target, pname, param); } public void glTexParameterfv(int target, int pname, FloatBuffer params) { GL11.glTexParameter(target, pname, params); } public void glTexParameteri(int target, int pname, int param) { GL11.glTexParameteri(target, pname, param); } public void glTexParameteriv(int target, int pname, IntBuffer params) { GL11.glTexParameter(target, pname, params); } public void glTexSubImage2D(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, Buffer pixels) { if (pixels instanceof ByteBuffer) GL11.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, (ByteBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof ShortBuffer) GL11.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, (ShortBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof IntBuffer) GL11.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, (IntBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof FloatBuffer) GL11.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, (FloatBuffer) pixels); else if (pixels instanceof DoubleBuffer) GL11.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, (DoubleBuffer) pixels); else throw new GdxRuntimeException("Can't use " + pixels.getClass().getName() + " with this method. Use ByteBuffer, ShortBuffer, IntBuffer, FloatBuffer or DoubleBuffer instead. Blame LWJGL"); } public void glUniform1f(int location, float x) { GL20.glUniform1f(location, x); } public void glUniform1fv(int location, int count, FloatBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform1(location, v); } public void glUniform1i(int location, int x) { GL20.glUniform1i(location, x); } public void glUniform1iv(int location, int count, IntBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform1(location, v); } public void glUniform2f(int location, float x, float y) { GL20.glUniform2f(location, x, y); } public void glUniform2fv(int location, int count, FloatBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform2(location, v); } public void glUniform2i(int location, int x, int y) { GL20.glUniform2i(location, x, y); } public void glUniform2iv(int location, int count, IntBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform2(location, v); } public void glUniform3f(int location, float x, float y, float z) { GL20.glUniform3f(location, x, y, z); } public void glUniform3fv(int location, int count, FloatBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform3(location, v); } public void glUniform3i(int location, int x, int y, int z) { GL20.glUniform3i(location, x, y, z); } public void glUniform3iv(int location, int count, IntBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform3(location, v); } public void glUniform4f(int location, float x, float y, float z, float w) { GL20.glUniform4f(location, x, y, z, w); } public void glUniform4fv(int location, int count, FloatBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform4(location, v); } public void glUniform4i(int location, int x, int y, int z, int w) { GL20.glUniform4i(location, x, y, z, w); } public void glUniform4iv(int location, int count, IntBuffer v) { GL20.glUniform4(location, v); } public void glUniformMatrix2fv(int location, int count, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value) { GL20.glUniformMatrix2(location, transpose, value); } public void glUniformMatrix3fv(int location, int count, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value) { GL20.glUniformMatrix3(location, transpose, value); } public void glUniformMatrix4fv(int location, int count, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value) { GL20.glUniformMatrix4(location, transpose, value); } public void glUseProgram(int program) { GL20.glUseProgram(program); } public void glValidateProgram(int program) { GL20.glValidateProgram(program); } public void glVertexAttrib1f(int indx, float x) { GL20.glVertexAttrib1f(indx, x); } public void glVertexAttrib1fv(int indx, FloatBuffer values) { GL20.glVertexAttrib1f(indx, values.get()); } public void glVertexAttrib2f(int indx, float x, float y) { GL20.glVertexAttrib2f(indx, x, y); } public void glVertexAttrib2fv(int indx, FloatBuffer values) { GL20.glVertexAttrib2f(indx, values.get(), values.get()); } public void glVertexAttrib3f(int indx, float x, float y, float z) { GL20.glVertexAttrib3f(indx, x, y, z); } public void glVertexAttrib3fv(int indx, FloatBuffer values) { GL20.glVertexAttrib3f(indx, values.get(), values.get(), values.get()); } public void glVertexAttrib4f(int indx, float x, float y, float z, float w) { GL20.glVertexAttrib4f(indx, x, y, z, w); } public void glVertexAttrib4fv(int indx, FloatBuffer values) { GL20.glVertexAttrib4f(indx, values.get(), values.get(), values.get(), values.get()); } public void glVertexAttribPointer(int indx, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, Buffer buffer) { if (buffer instanceof ByteBuffer) { if (type == GL_BYTE) GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(indx, size, false, normalized, stride, (ByteBuffer) buffer); else if (type == GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE) GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(indx, size, true, normalized, stride, (ByteBuffer) buffer); else if (type == GL_SHORT) GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(indx, size, false, normalized, stride, ((ByteBuffer) buffer).asShortBuffer()); else if (type == GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT) GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(indx, size, true, normalized, stride, ((ByteBuffer) buffer).asShortBuffer()); else if (type == GL_FLOAT) GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(indx, size, normalized, stride, ((ByteBuffer) buffer).asFloatBuffer()); else throw new GdxRuntimeException("Can't use " + buffer.getClass().getName() + " with type " + type + " with this method. Use ByteBuffer and one of GL_BYTE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_SHORT, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT or GL_FLOAT for type. Blame LWJGL"); } else throw new GdxRuntimeException("Can't use " + buffer.getClass().getName() + " with this method. Use ByteBuffer instead. Blame LWJGL"); } public void glViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) { GL11.glViewport(x, y, width, height); } public void glDrawElements(int mode, int count, int type, int indices) { GL11.glDrawElements(mode, count, type, indices); } public void glVertexAttribPointer(int indx, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, int ptr) { GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(indx, size, type, normalized, stride, ptr); } @Override public void glGetShaderSource(int shader, int bufsize, Buffer length, String source) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }