org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.WildcardBinding.java Source code

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/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2017 IBM Corporation and others.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
 * https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
 * 
 * Contributors:
 *     IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
 *     Stephan Herrmann - Contribution for
 *                          bug 349326 - [1.7] new warning for missing try-with-resources
 *                          bug 359362 - FUP of bug 349326: Resource leak on non-Closeable resource
 *                        bug 358903 - Filter practically unimportant resource leak warnings
 *                        Bug 417295 - [1.8[[null] Massage type annotated null analysis to gel well with deep encoded type bindings.
 *                        Bug 400874 - [1.8][compiler] Inference infrastructure should evolve to meet JLS8 18.x (Part G of JSR335 spec)
 *                        Bug 423504 - [1.8] Implement "18.5.3 Functional Interface Parameterization Inference"
 *                        Bug 426676 - [1.8][compiler] Wrong generic method type inferred from lambda expression
 *                        Bug 427411 - [1.8][generics] JDT reports type mismatch when using method that returns generic type
 *                        Bug 428019 - [1.8][compiler] Type inference failure with nested generic invocation.
 *                        Bug 435962 - [RC2] StackOverFlowError when building
 *                        Bug 438458 - [1.8][null] clean up handling of null type annotations wrt type variables
 *                        Bug 440759 - [1.8][null] @NonNullByDefault should never affect wildcards and uses of a type variable
 *                        Bug 441693 - [1.8][null] Bogus warning for type argument annotated with @NonNull
 *******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.CharOperation;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ast.Annotation;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ast.Wildcard;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.classfmt.ClassFileConstants;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.impl.CompilerOptions;

/*
 * A wildcard acts as an argument for parameterized types, allowing to
 * abstract parameterized types, e.g. List<String> is not compatible with List<Object>,
 * but compatible with List<?>.
 */
public class WildcardBinding extends ReferenceBinding {

    public ReferenceBinding genericType;
    public int rank;
    public TypeBinding bound; // when unbound denotes the corresponding type variable (so as to retrieve its bound lazily)
    public TypeBinding[] otherBounds; // only positionned by lub computations (if so, #bound is also set) and associated to EXTENDS mode
    char[] genericSignature;
    public int boundKind;
    ReferenceBinding superclass;
    ReferenceBinding[] superInterfaces;
    TypeVariableBinding typeVariable; // corresponding variable
    LookupEnvironment environment;

    /**
     * When unbound, the bound denotes the corresponding type variable (so as to retrieve its bound lazily)
     */
    public WildcardBinding(ReferenceBinding genericType, int rank, TypeBinding bound, TypeBinding[] otherBounds,
            int boundKind, LookupEnvironment environment) {
        this.rank = rank;
        this.boundKind = boundKind;
        this.modifiers = ClassFileConstants.AccPublic | ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccGenericSignature; // treat wildcard as public
        this.environment = environment;
        initialize(genericType, bound, otherBounds);
        if (genericType instanceof UnresolvedReferenceBinding)
            ((UnresolvedReferenceBinding) genericType).addWrapper(this, environment);
        if (bound instanceof UnresolvedReferenceBinding)
            ((UnresolvedReferenceBinding) bound).addWrapper(this, environment);
        this.tagBits |= TagBits.HasUnresolvedTypeVariables; // cleared in resolve()
        this.typeBits = TypeIds.BitUninitialized;
    }

    @Override
    TypeBinding bound() {
        return this.bound;
    }

    @Override
    int boundKind() {
        return this.boundKind;
    }

    public TypeBinding allBounds() {
        if (this.otherBounds == null || this.otherBounds.length == 0)
            return this.bound;
        ReferenceBinding[] allBounds = new ReferenceBinding[this.otherBounds.length + 1];
        try {
            allBounds[0] = (ReferenceBinding) this.bound;
            System.arraycopy(this.otherBounds, 0, allBounds, 1, this.otherBounds.length);
        } catch (ClassCastException | ArrayStoreException ase) {
            return this.bound;
        }
        return this.environment.createIntersectionType18(allBounds);
    }

    @Override
    public void setTypeAnnotations(AnnotationBinding[] annotations, boolean evalNullAnnotations) {
        this.tagBits |= TagBits.HasTypeAnnotations;
        if (annotations != null && annotations.length != 0) {
            this.typeAnnotations = annotations;
        }
        if (evalNullAnnotations) {
            evaluateNullAnnotations(null, null);
        }
    }

    /**
     * evaluate null type annotations and check / copy nullTagBits from bound and typevariable.
     * may be invoked repeatedly.
     * @param scope (may be null, if wildcard is null)
     * @param wildcard (may be null. if non-null, errors are reported and type annotations are dropped from this.bound in case of conflicts.)
     */
    public void evaluateNullAnnotations(Scope scope, Wildcard wildcard) {
        long nullTagBits = determineNullBitsFromDeclaration(scope, wildcard);
        if (nullTagBits == 0L) {
            TypeVariableBinding typeVariable2 = typeVariable();
            if (typeVariable2 != null) {
                long typeVariableNullTagBits = typeVariable2.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNullMASK;
                if (typeVariableNullTagBits != 0L) {
                    nullTagBits = typeVariableNullTagBits;
                }
            }
        }
        if (nullTagBits != 0)
            this.tagBits = (this.tagBits & ~TagBits.AnnotationNullMASK) | nullTagBits
                    | TagBits.HasNullTypeAnnotation;
    }

    /**
     * compute the nullTagBits from type annotations and bound.
     * @param scope (may be null, if wildcard is null)
     * @param wildcard (may be null. if non-null, errors are reported and type annotations are dropped from this.bound in case of conflicts.)
     */
    public long determineNullBitsFromDeclaration(Scope scope, Wildcard wildcard) {
        long nullTagBits = 0L;
        AnnotationBinding[] annotations = this.typeAnnotations;
        if (annotations != null) {
            for (int i = 0, length = annotations.length; i < length; i++) {
                AnnotationBinding annotation = annotations[i];
                if (annotation != null) {
                    if (annotation.type.hasNullBit(TypeIds.BitNullableAnnotation)) {
                        if ((nullTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNonNull) == 0) {
                            nullTagBits |= TagBits.AnnotationNullable;
                        } else {
                            if (wildcard != null) {
                                Annotation annotation1 = wildcard.findAnnotation(TagBits.AnnotationNullable);
                                if (annotation1 != null)
                                    scope.problemReporter().contradictoryNullAnnotations(annotation1);
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (annotation.type.hasNullBit(TypeIds.BitNonNullAnnotation)) {
                        if ((nullTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNullable) == 0) {
                            nullTagBits |= TagBits.AnnotationNonNull;
                        } else {
                            if (wildcard != null) {
                                Annotation annotation1 = wildcard.findAnnotation(TagBits.AnnotationNonNull);
                                if (annotation1 != null)
                                    scope.problemReporter().contradictoryNullAnnotations(annotation1);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (this.bound != null && this.bound.isValidBinding()) {
            long boundNullTagBits = this.bound.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNullMASK;
            if (boundNullTagBits != 0L) {
                if (this.boundKind == Wildcard.SUPER) {
                    if ((boundNullTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNullable) != 0) {
                        if (nullTagBits == 0L) {
                            nullTagBits = TagBits.AnnotationNullable;
                        } else if (wildcard != null && (nullTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNonNull) != 0) {
                            Annotation annotation = wildcard.bound.findAnnotation(boundNullTagBits);
                            if (annotation == null) { // false alarm, implicit annotation is no conflict, but should be removed:
                                // may not be reachable, how could we have an implicit @Nullable (not via @NonNullByDefault)?
                                TypeBinding newBound = this.bound.withoutToplevelNullAnnotation();
                                this.bound = newBound;
                                wildcard.bound.resolvedType = newBound;
                            } else {
                                scope.problemReporter().contradictoryNullAnnotationsOnBounds(annotation,
                                        nullTagBits);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    if ((boundNullTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNonNull) != 0) {
                        if (nullTagBits == 0L) {
                            nullTagBits = TagBits.AnnotationNonNull;
                        } else if (wildcard != null && (nullTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNullable) != 0) {
                            Annotation annotation = wildcard.bound.findAnnotation(boundNullTagBits);
                            if (annotation == null) { // false alarm, implicit annotation is no conflict, but should be removed:
                                TypeBinding newBound = this.bound.withoutToplevelNullAnnotation();
                                this.bound = newBound;
                                wildcard.bound.resolvedType = newBound;
                            } else {
                                scope.problemReporter().contradictoryNullAnnotationsOnBounds(annotation,
                                        nullTagBits);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (nullTagBits == 0L && this.otherBounds != null) {
                        for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                            if ((this.otherBounds[i].tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationNonNull) != 0) { // can this happen?
                                nullTagBits = TagBits.AnnotationNonNull;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return nullTagBits;
    }

    @Override
    public ReferenceBinding actualType() {
        return this.genericType;
    }

    @Override
    TypeBinding[] additionalBounds() {
        return this.otherBounds;
    }

    @Override
    public int kind() {
        return this.otherBounds == null ? Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE : Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the argument type satisfies the wildcard bound(s)
     */
    public boolean boundCheck(TypeBinding argumentType) {
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            return true;
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            if (!argumentType.isCompatibleWith(this.bound))
                return false;
            // check other bounds (lub scenario)
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds == null ? 0 : this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                if (!argumentType.isCompatibleWith(this.otherBounds[i]))
                    return false;
            }
            return true;
        default: // SUPER
            // ? super Exception   ok for:  IOException, since it would be ok for (Exception)ioException
            return argumentType.isCompatibleWith(this.bound);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.ReferenceBinding#canBeInstantiated()
     */
    @Override
    public boolean canBeInstantiated() {
        // cannot be asked per construction
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TypeBinding#collectMissingTypes(java.util.List)
     */
    @Override
    public List<TypeBinding> collectMissingTypes(List<TypeBinding> missingTypes) {
        if ((this.tagBits & TagBits.HasMissingType) != 0) {
            missingTypes = this.bound.collectMissingTypes(missingTypes);
        }
        return missingTypes;
    }

    /**
     * Collect the substitutes into a map for certain type variables inside the receiver type
     * e.g.   Collection<T>.collectSubstitutes(Collection<List<X>>, Map), will populate Map with: T --> List<X>
     * Constraints:
     *   A << F   corresponds to:   F.collectSubstitutes(..., A, ..., CONSTRAINT_EXTENDS (1))
     *   A = F   corresponds to:      F.collectSubstitutes(..., A, ..., CONSTRAINT_EQUAL (0))
     *   A >> F   corresponds to:   F.collectSubstitutes(..., A, ..., CONSTRAINT_SUPER (2))
     */
    @Override
    public void collectSubstitutes(Scope scope, TypeBinding actualType, InferenceContext inferenceContext,
            int constraint) {

        if ((this.tagBits & TagBits.HasTypeVariable) == 0)
            return;
        if (actualType == TypeBinding.NULL || actualType.kind() == POLY_TYPE)
            return;

        if (actualType.isCapture()) {
            CaptureBinding capture = (CaptureBinding) actualType;
            actualType = capture.wildcard;
            // this method should only be called in 1.7- inference, hence we don't expect to see CaptureBinding18 here.
        }

        switch (constraint) {
        case TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EXTENDS: // A << F
            switch (this.boundKind) {
            case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // F={?}
                //                  switch (actualType.kind()) {
                //                  case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE :
                //                     WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                //                     switch(actualWildcard.kind) {
                //                        case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} << F={?}  --> 0
                //                           break;
                //                        case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} << F={?} ---> 0
                //                           break;
                //                        case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} << F={?} ---> 0
                //                           break;
                //                     }
                //                     break;
                //                  case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE :// A={? extends V1&...&Vn} << F={?} ---> 0
                //                     break;
                //                  default :// A=V << F={?} ---> 0
                //                     break;
                //                  }
                break;
            case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // F={? extends U}
                switch (actualType.kind()) {
                case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE:
                    WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    switch (actualWildcard.boundKind) {
                    case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} << F={? extends U}  --> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} << F={? extends U} ---> V << U
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.bound, inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EXTENDS);
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} << F={? extends U} ---> 0
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE: // A={? extends V1&...&Vn} << F={? extends U} ---> V1 << U, ..., Vn << U
                    WildcardBinding actualIntersection = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualIntersection.bound, inferenceContext,
                            TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EXTENDS);
                    for (int i = 0, length = actualIntersection.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualIntersection.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EXTENDS);
                    }
                    break;
                default: // A=V << F={? extends U} ---> V << U
                    this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualType, inferenceContext,
                            TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EXTENDS);
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case Wildcard.SUPER: // F={? super U}
                switch (actualType.kind()) {
                case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE:
                    WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    switch (actualWildcard.boundKind) {
                    case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} << F={? super U}  --> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} << F={? super U} ---> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} << F={? super U} ---> 0
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.bound, inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                        for (int i = 0, length = actualWildcard.otherBounds == null ? 0
                                : actualWildcard.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                            this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                    TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE: // A={? extends V1&...&Vn} << F={? super U} ---> 0
                    break;
                default:// A=V << F={? super U} ---> V >> U
                    this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualType, inferenceContext,
                            TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                    break;
                }
                break;
            }
            break;
        case TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL: // A == F
            switch (this.boundKind) {
            case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // F={?}
                //                  switch (actualType.kind()) {
                //                  case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE :
                //                     WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                //                     switch(actualWildcard.kind) {
                //                        case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} == F={?}  --> 0
                //                           break;
                //                        case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} == F={?} ---> 0
                //                           break;
                //                        case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} == F={?} ---> 0
                //                           break;
                //                     }
                //                     break;
                //                  case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE :// A={? extends V1&...&Vn} == F={?} ---> 0
                //                     break;
                //                  default :// A=V == F={?} ---> 0
                //                     break;
                //                  }
                break;
            case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // F={? extends U}
                switch (actualType.kind()) {
                case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE:
                    WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    switch (actualWildcard.boundKind) {
                    case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} == F={? extends U}  --> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} == F={? extends U} ---> V == U
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.bound, inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL);
                        for (int i = 0, length = actualWildcard.otherBounds == null ? 0
                                : actualWildcard.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                            this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                    TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL);
                        }
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} == F={? extends U} ---> 0
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE: // A={? extends V1&...&Vn} == F={? extends U} ---> V1 == U, ..., Vn == U
                    WildcardBinding actuaIntersection = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actuaIntersection.bound, inferenceContext,
                            TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL);
                    for (int i = 0, length = actuaIntersection.otherBounds == null ? 0
                            : actuaIntersection.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actuaIntersection.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL);
                    }
                    break;
                default: // A=V == F={? extends U} ---> 0
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case Wildcard.SUPER: // F={? super U}
                switch (actualType.kind()) {
                case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE:
                    WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    switch (actualWildcard.boundKind) {
                    case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} == F={? super U}  --> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} == F={? super U} ---> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} == F={? super U} ---> 0
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.bound, inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL);
                        for (int i = 0, length = actualWildcard.otherBounds == null ? 0
                                : actualWildcard.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                            this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                    TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_EQUAL);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE: // A={? extends V1&...&Vn} == F={? super U} ---> 0
                    break;
                default: // A=V == F={? super U} ---> 0
                    break;
                }
                break;
            }
            break;
        case TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER: // A >> F
            switch (this.boundKind) {
            case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // F={?}
                //                  switch (actualType.kind()) {
                //                  case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE :
                //                     WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                //                     switch(actualWildcard.kind) {
                //                        case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} >> F={?}  --> 0
                //                           break;
                //                        case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} >> F={?} ---> 0
                //                           break;
                //                        case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} >> F={?} ---> 0
                //                           break;
                //                     }
                //                     break;
                //                  case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE :// A={? extends V1&...&Vn} >> F={?} ---> 0
                //                     break;
                //                  default :// A=V >> F={?} ---> 0
                //                     break;
                //                  }
                break;
            case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // F={? extends U}
                switch (actualType.kind()) {
                case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE:
                    WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    switch (actualWildcard.boundKind) {
                    case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} >> F={? extends U}  --> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} >> F={? extends U} ---> V >> U
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.bound, inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                        for (int i = 0, length = actualWildcard.otherBounds == null ? 0
                                : actualWildcard.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                            this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                    TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                        }
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} >> F={? extends U} ---> 0
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE: // A={? extends V1&...&Vn} >> F={? extends U} ---> V1 >> U, ..., Vn >> U
                    WildcardBinding actualIntersection = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualIntersection.bound, inferenceContext,
                            TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                    for (int i = 0, length = actualIntersection.otherBounds == null ? 0
                            : actualIntersection.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualIntersection.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                    }
                    break;
                default: // A=V == F={? extends U} ---> 0
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case Wildcard.SUPER: // F={? super U}
                switch (actualType.kind()) {
                case Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE:
                    WildcardBinding actualWildcard = (WildcardBinding) actualType;
                    switch (actualWildcard.boundKind) {
                    case Wildcard.UNBOUND: // A={?} >> F={? super U}  --> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.EXTENDS: // A={? extends V} >> F={? super U} ---> 0
                        break;
                    case Wildcard.SUPER: // A={? super V} >> F={? super U} ---> V >> U
                        this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.bound, inferenceContext,
                                TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                        for (int i = 0, length = actualWildcard.otherBounds == null ? 0
                                : actualWildcard.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                            this.bound.collectSubstitutes(scope, actualWildcard.otherBounds[i], inferenceContext,
                                    TypeConstants.CONSTRAINT_SUPER);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case Binding.INTERSECTION_TYPE: // A={? extends V1&...&Vn} >> F={? super U} ---> 0
                    break;
                default: // A=V >> F={? super U} ---> 0
                    break;
                }
                break;
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * genericTypeKey {rank}*|+|- [boundKey]
     * p.X<T> { X<?> ... } --> Lp/X<TT;>;{0}*
     */
    @Override
    public char[] computeUniqueKey(boolean isLeaf) {
        char[] genericTypeKey = this.genericType.computeUniqueKey(false/*not a leaf*/);
        char[] wildCardKey;
        // We now encode the rank also in the binding key - https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=234609
        char[] rankComponent = ('{' + String.valueOf(this.rank) + '}').toCharArray();
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            wildCardKey = TypeConstants.WILDCARD_STAR;
            break;
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            wildCardKey = CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_PLUS,
                    this.bound.computeUniqueKey(false/*not a leaf*/));
            break;
        default: // SUPER
            wildCardKey = CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_MINUS,
                    this.bound.computeUniqueKey(false/*not a leaf*/));
            break;
        }
        return CharOperation.concat(genericTypeKey, rankComponent, wildCardKey);
    }

    /**
     * @see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TypeBinding#constantPoolName()
     */
    @Override
    public char[] constantPoolName() {
        return erasure().constantPoolName();
    }

    @Override
    public TypeBinding clone(TypeBinding immaterial) {
        return new WildcardBinding(this.genericType, this.rank, this.bound, this.otherBounds, this.boundKind,
                this.environment);
    }

    @Override
    public String annotatedDebugName() {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(16);
        AnnotationBinding[] annotations = getTypeAnnotations();
        for (int i = 0, length = annotations == null ? 0 : annotations.length; i < length; i++) {
            buffer.append(annotations[i]);
            buffer.append(' ');
        }
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            return buffer.append(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME).toString();
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            if (this.otherBounds == null)
                return buffer.append(CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME,
                        TypeConstants.WILDCARD_EXTENDS, this.bound.annotatedDebugName().toCharArray())).toString();
            buffer.append(this.bound.annotatedDebugName());
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                buffer.append(" & ").append(this.otherBounds[i].annotatedDebugName()); //$NON-NLS-1$
            }
            return buffer.toString();
        default: // SUPER
            return buffer.append(CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_SUPER,
                    this.bound.annotatedDebugName().toCharArray())).toString();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TypeBinding#debugName()
     */
    @Override
    public String debugName() {
        return toString();
    }

    @Override
    public TypeBinding erasure() {
        if (this.otherBounds == null) {
            if (this.boundKind == Wildcard.EXTENDS)
                return this.bound.erasure();
            TypeVariableBinding var = typeVariable();
            if (var != null)
                return var.erasure();
            return this.genericType; // if typeVariable() == null, then its inconsistent & return this.genericType to avoid NPE case
        }
        // intersection type
        return this.bound.id == TypeIds.T_JavaLangObject ? this.otherBounds[0].erasure() // use first explicit bound to improve stackmap
                : this.bound.erasure();
    }

    @Override
    public char[] genericTypeSignature() {
        if (this.genericSignature == null) {
            switch (this.boundKind) {
            case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
                this.genericSignature = TypeConstants.WILDCARD_STAR;
                break;
            case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
                this.genericSignature = CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_PLUS,
                        this.bound.genericTypeSignature());
                break;
            default: // SUPER
                this.genericSignature = CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_MINUS,
                        this.bound.genericTypeSignature());
            }
        }
        return this.genericSignature;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return this.genericType.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasTypeBit(int bit) {
        if (this.typeBits == TypeIds.BitUninitialized) {
            // initialize from upper bounds
            this.typeBits = 0;
            if (this.superclass != null && this.superclass.hasTypeBit(~TypeIds.BitUninitialized))
                this.typeBits |= (this.superclass.typeBits & TypeIds.InheritableBits);
            if (this.superInterfaces != null)
                for (int i = 0, l = this.superInterfaces.length; i < l; i++)
                    if (this.superInterfaces[i].hasTypeBit(~TypeIds.BitUninitialized))
                        this.typeBits |= (this.superInterfaces[i].typeBits & TypeIds.InheritableBits);
        }
        return (this.typeBits & bit) != 0;
    }

    void initialize(ReferenceBinding someGenericType, TypeBinding someBound, TypeBinding[] someOtherBounds) {
        this.genericType = someGenericType;
        this.bound = someBound;
        this.otherBounds = someOtherBounds;
        if (someGenericType != null) {
            this.fPackage = someGenericType.getPackage();
        }
        if (someBound != null) {
            this.tagBits |= someBound.tagBits
                    & (TagBits.HasTypeVariable | TagBits.HasMissingType | TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences
                            | TagBits.HasNullTypeAnnotation | TagBits.HasCapturedWildcard);
        }
        if (someOtherBounds != null) {
            for (int i = 0, max = someOtherBounds.length; i < max; i++) {
                TypeBinding someOtherBound = someOtherBounds[i];
                this.tagBits |= someOtherBound.tagBits & (TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences
                        | TagBits.HasNullTypeAnnotation | TagBits.HasCapturedWildcard);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
      * @see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.ReferenceBinding#isSuperclassOf(org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.ReferenceBinding)
      */
    @Override
    public boolean isSuperclassOf(ReferenceBinding otherType) {
        if (this.boundKind == Wildcard.SUPER) {
            if (this.bound instanceof ReferenceBinding) {
                return ((ReferenceBinding) this.bound).isSuperclassOf(otherType);
            } else { // array bound
                return otherType.id == TypeIds.T_JavaLangObject;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isIntersectionType() {
        return this.otherBounds != null;
    }

    @Override
    public ReferenceBinding[] getIntersectingTypes() {
        if (isIntersectionType()) {
            ReferenceBinding[] allBounds = new ReferenceBinding[this.otherBounds.length + 1];
            try {
                allBounds[0] = (ReferenceBinding) this.bound;
                System.arraycopy(this.otherBounds, 0, allBounds, 1, this.otherBounds.length);
            } catch (ClassCastException | ArrayStoreException ase) {
                return null;
            }
            return allBounds;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isHierarchyConnected() {
        return this.superclass != null && this.superInterfaces != null;
    }

    // to prevent infinite recursion when inspecting recursive generics:
    boolean inRecursiveFunction = false;

    @Override
    public boolean enterRecursiveFunction() {
        if (this.inRecursiveFunction)
            return false;
        this.inRecursiveFunction = true;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void exitRecursiveFunction() {
        this.inRecursiveFunction = false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isProperType(boolean admitCapture18) {
        if (this.inRecursiveFunction)
            return true;
        this.inRecursiveFunction = true;
        try {
            if (this.bound != null && !this.bound.isProperType(admitCapture18))
                return false;
            if (this.superclass != null && !this.superclass.isProperType(admitCapture18))
                return false;
            if (this.superInterfaces != null)
                for (int i = 0, l = this.superInterfaces.length; i < l; i++)
                    if (!this.superInterfaces[i].isProperType(admitCapture18))
                        return false;
            return true;
        } finally {
            this.inRecursiveFunction = false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    TypeBinding substituteInferenceVariable(InferenceVariable var, TypeBinding substituteType) {
        boolean haveSubstitution = false;
        TypeBinding currentBound = this.bound;
        if (currentBound != null) {
            currentBound = currentBound.substituteInferenceVariable(var, substituteType);
            haveSubstitution |= TypeBinding.notEquals(currentBound, this.bound);
        }
        TypeBinding[] currentOtherBounds = null;
        if (this.otherBounds != null) {
            int length = this.otherBounds.length;
            if (haveSubstitution)
                System.arraycopy(this.otherBounds, 0, currentOtherBounds = new ReferenceBinding[length], 0, length);
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                TypeBinding currentOtherBound = this.otherBounds[i];
                if (currentOtherBound != null) {
                    currentOtherBound = currentOtherBound.substituteInferenceVariable(var, substituteType);
                    if (TypeBinding.notEquals(currentOtherBound, this.otherBounds[i])) {
                        if (currentOtherBounds == null)
                            System.arraycopy(this.otherBounds, 0, currentOtherBounds = new ReferenceBinding[length],
                                    0, length);
                        currentOtherBounds[i] = currentOtherBound;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        haveSubstitution |= currentOtherBounds != null;
        if (haveSubstitution) {
            return this.environment.createWildcard(this.genericType, this.rank, currentBound, currentOtherBounds,
                    this.boundKind);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isUnboundWildcard() {
        return this.boundKind == Wildcard.UNBOUND;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isWildcard() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    int rank() {
        return this.rank;
    }

    @Override
    public char[] readableName() {
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            return TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME;
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            if (this.otherBounds == null)
                return CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_EXTENDS,
                        this.bound.readableName());
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(10);
            buffer.append(this.bound.readableName());
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                buffer.append('&').append(this.otherBounds[i].readableName());
            }
            int length;
            char[] result = new char[length = buffer.length()];
            buffer.getChars(0, length, result, 0);
            return result;
        default: // SUPER
            return CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_SUPER,
                    this.bound.readableName());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public char[] nullAnnotatedReadableName(CompilerOptions options, boolean shortNames) {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(10);
        appendNullAnnotation(buffer, options);
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            buffer.append(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME);
            break;
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            if (this.otherBounds == null) {
                buffer.append(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME).append(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_EXTENDS);
                buffer.append(this.bound.nullAnnotatedReadableName(options, shortNames));
            } else {
                buffer.append(this.bound.nullAnnotatedReadableName(options, shortNames));
                for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                    buffer.append('&').append(this.otherBounds[i].nullAnnotatedReadableName(options, shortNames));
                }
            }
            break;
        default: // SUPER
            buffer.append(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME).append(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_SUPER)
                    .append(this.bound.nullAnnotatedReadableName(options, shortNames));
        }
        int length;
        char[] result = new char[length = buffer.length()];
        buffer.getChars(0, length, result, 0);
        return result;
    }

    ReferenceBinding resolve() {
        if ((this.tagBits & TagBits.HasUnresolvedTypeVariables) == 0)
            return this;

        this.tagBits &= ~TagBits.HasUnresolvedTypeVariables;
        BinaryTypeBinding.resolveType(this.genericType, this.environment, false /* no raw conversion */);

        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            TypeBinding resolveType = BinaryTypeBinding.resolveType(this.bound, this.environment,
                    true /* raw conversion */);
            this.bound = resolveType;
            this.tagBits |= resolveType.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences
                    | TagBits.HasCapturedWildcard;
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds == null ? 0 : this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                resolveType = BinaryTypeBinding.resolveType(this.otherBounds[i], this.environment,
                        true /* raw conversion */);
                this.otherBounds[i] = resolveType;
                this.tagBits |= resolveType.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences
                        | TagBits.HasCapturedWildcard;
            }
            break;
        case Wildcard.SUPER:
            resolveType = BinaryTypeBinding.resolveType(this.bound, this.environment, true /* raw conversion */);
            this.bound = resolveType;
            this.tagBits |= resolveType.tagBits & TagBits.ContainsNestedTypeReferences
                    | TagBits.HasCapturedWildcard;
            break;
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
        }
        if (this.environment.usesNullTypeAnnotations()) {
            evaluateNullAnnotations(null, null);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public char[] shortReadableName() {
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            return TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME;
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            if (this.otherBounds == null)
                return CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_EXTENDS,
                        this.bound.shortReadableName());
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(10);
            buffer.append(this.bound.shortReadableName());
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                buffer.append('&').append(this.otherBounds[i].shortReadableName());
            }
            int length;
            char[] result = new char[length = buffer.length()];
            buffer.getChars(0, length, result, 0);
            return result;
        default: // SUPER
            return CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_SUPER,
                    this.bound.shortReadableName());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.TypeBinding#signature()
     */
    @Override
    public char[] signature() {
        // should not be called directly on a wildcard; signature should only be asked on
        // original methods or type erasures (which cannot denote wildcards at first level)
        if (this.signature == null) {
            switch (this.boundKind) {
            case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
                return this.bound.signature();
            default: // SUPER | UNBOUND
                return typeVariable().signature();
            }
        }
        return this.signature;
    }

    @Override
    public char[] sourceName() {
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            return TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME;
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            return CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_EXTENDS,
                    this.bound.sourceName());
        default: // SUPER
            return CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_SUPER,
                    this.bound.sourceName());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public ReferenceBinding superclass() {
        if (this.superclass == null) {
            TypeBinding superType = null;
            if (this.boundKind == Wildcard.EXTENDS && !this.bound.isInterface()) {
                superType = this.bound;
            } else {
                TypeVariableBinding variable = typeVariable();
                if (variable != null)
                    superType = variable.firstBound;
            }
            this.superclass = superType instanceof ReferenceBinding && !superType.isInterface()
                    ? (ReferenceBinding) superType
                    : this.environment.getResolvedJavaBaseType(TypeConstants.JAVA_LANG_OBJECT, null);
        }

        return this.superclass;
    }

    @Override
    public ReferenceBinding[] superInterfaces() {
        if (this.superInterfaces == null) {
            if (typeVariable() != null) {
                this.superInterfaces = this.typeVariable.superInterfaces();
            } else {
                this.superInterfaces = Binding.NO_SUPERINTERFACES;
            }
            if (this.boundKind == Wildcard.EXTENDS) {
                if (this.bound.isInterface()) {
                    // augment super interfaces with the wildcard bound
                    int length = this.superInterfaces.length;
                    System.arraycopy(this.superInterfaces, 0,
                            this.superInterfaces = new ReferenceBinding[length + 1], 1, length);
                    this.superInterfaces[0] = (ReferenceBinding) this.bound; // make bound first
                }
                if (this.otherBounds != null) {
                    // augment super interfaces with the wildcard otherBounds (interfaces per construction)
                    int length = this.superInterfaces.length;
                    int otherLength = this.otherBounds.length;
                    System.arraycopy(this.superInterfaces, 0,
                            this.superInterfaces = new ReferenceBinding[length + otherLength], 0, length);
                    for (int i = 0; i < otherLength; i++) {
                        this.superInterfaces[length + i] = (ReferenceBinding) this.otherBounds[i];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return this.superInterfaces;
    }

    @Override
    public void swapUnresolved(UnresolvedReferenceBinding unresolvedType, ReferenceBinding resolvedType,
            LookupEnvironment env) {
        boolean affected = false;
        if (this.genericType == unresolvedType) { //$IDENTITY-COMPARISON$
            this.genericType = resolvedType; // no raw conversion
            affected = true;
        }
        if (this.bound == unresolvedType) { //$IDENTITY-COMPARISON$
            this.bound = env.convertUnresolvedBinaryToRawType(resolvedType);
            affected = true;
        }
        if (this.otherBounds != null) {
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                if (this.otherBounds[i] == unresolvedType) { //$IDENTITY-COMPARISON$
                    this.otherBounds[i] = env.convertUnresolvedBinaryToRawType(resolvedType);
                    affected = true;
                }
            }
        }
        if (affected)
            initialize(this.genericType, this.bound, this.otherBounds);
    }

    /**
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        if (this.hasTypeAnnotations())
            return annotatedDebugName();
        switch (this.boundKind) {
        case Wildcard.UNBOUND:
            return new String(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME);
        case Wildcard.EXTENDS:
            if (this.otherBounds == null)
                return new String(CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_EXTENDS,
                        this.bound.debugName().toCharArray()));
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(this.bound.debugName());
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++) {
                buffer.append('&').append(this.otherBounds[i].debugName());
            }
            return buffer.toString();
        default: // SUPER
            return new String(CharOperation.concat(TypeConstants.WILDCARD_NAME, TypeConstants.WILDCARD_SUPER,
                    this.bound.debugName().toCharArray()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns associated type variable, or null in case of inconsistency
     */
    public TypeVariableBinding typeVariable() {
        if (this.typeVariable == null) {
            TypeVariableBinding[] typeVariables = this.genericType.typeVariables();
            if (this.rank < typeVariables.length)
                this.typeVariable = typeVariables[this.rank];
        }
        return this.typeVariable;
    }

    @Override
    public TypeBinding unannotated() {
        return this.hasTypeAnnotations() ? this.environment.getUnannotatedType(this) : this;
    }

    @Override
    public TypeBinding withoutToplevelNullAnnotation() {
        if (!hasNullTypeAnnotations())
            return this;
        AnnotationBinding[] newAnnotations = this.environment.filterNullTypeAnnotations(getTypeAnnotations());
        return this.environment.createWildcard(this.genericType, this.rank, this.bound, this.otherBounds,
                this.boundKind, newAnnotations);
    }

    @Override
    public TypeBinding uncapture(Scope scope) {
        if ((this.tagBits & TagBits.HasCapturedWildcard) == 0)
            return this;
        TypeBinding freeBound = this.bound != null ? this.bound.uncapture(scope) : null;
        int length = 0;
        TypeBinding[] freeOtherBounds = this.otherBounds == null ? null
                : new TypeBinding[length = this.otherBounds.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            freeOtherBounds[i] = this.otherBounds[i] == null ? null : this.otherBounds[i].uncapture(scope);
        }
        return scope.environment().createWildcard(this.genericType, this.rank, freeBound, freeOtherBounds,
                this.boundKind, getTypeAnnotations());
    }

    @Override
    void collectInferenceVariables(Set<InferenceVariable> variables) {
        if (this.bound != null)
            this.bound.collectInferenceVariables(variables);
        if (this.otherBounds != null)
            for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++)
                this.otherBounds[i].collectInferenceVariables(variables);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean mentionsAny(TypeBinding[] parameters, int idx) {
        if (this.inRecursiveFunction)
            return false;
        this.inRecursiveFunction = true;
        try {
            if (super.mentionsAny(parameters, idx))
                return true;
            if (this.bound != null && this.bound.mentionsAny(parameters, -1))
                return true;
            if (this.otherBounds != null) {
                for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++)
                    if (this.otherBounds[i].mentionsAny(parameters, -1))
                        return true;
            }
        } finally {
            this.inRecursiveFunction = false;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean acceptsNonNullDefault() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public long updateTagBits() {
        if (!this.inRecursiveFunction) {
            this.inRecursiveFunction = true;
            try {
                if (this.bound != null)
                    this.tagBits |= this.bound.updateTagBits();
                if (this.otherBounds != null) {
                    for (int i = 0, length = this.otherBounds.length; i < length; i++)
                        this.tagBits |= this.otherBounds[i].updateTagBits();
                }
            } finally {
                this.inRecursiveFunction = false;
            }
        }
        return super.updateTagBits();
    }
}