Java tutorial
package org.apache.commons.digester3; /* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * software distributed under the License is distributed on an * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the * specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License. */ import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import org.w3c.dom.Attr; import org.w3c.dom.DOMException; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; /** * A rule implementation that creates a DOM {@link Node Node} containing the XML at the element that matched * the rule. Two concrete types of nodes can be created by this rule: * <ul> * <li>the default is to create an {@link Element Element} node. The created element will correspond to the * element that matched the rule, containing all XML content underneath that element.</li> * <li>alternatively, this rule can create nodes of type {@link org.w3c.dom.DocumentFragment DocumentFragment}, which * will contain only the XML content under the element the rule was trigged on.</li> * </ul> * The created node will be normalized, meaning it will not contain text nodes that only contain white space characters. * <p> * The created <code>Node</code> will be pushed on Digester's object stack when done. To use it in the context of * another DOM {@link Document Document}, it must be imported first, using the Document method * {@link Document#importNode(Node, boolean) importNode()}. * </p> * <p> * <strong>Important Note:</strong> This is implemented by replacing the SAX {@link ContentHandler * ContentHandler} in the parser used by Digester, and resetting it when the matched element is closed. As a side * effect, rules that would match XML nodes under the element that matches a <code>NodeCreateRule</code> will never be * triggered by Digester, which usually is the behavior one would expect. * </p> * <p> * <strong>Note</strong> that the current implementation does not set the namespace prefixes in the exported nodes. The * (usually more important) namespace URIs are set, of course. * </p> * * @since Digester 1.4 */ public class NodeCreateRule extends Rule { // ---------------------------------------------------------- Inner Classes /** * The SAX content handler that does all the actual work of assembling the DOM node tree from the SAX events. */ private class NodeBuilder extends DefaultHandler { // ------------------------------------------------------- Constructors /** * Constructor. * <p> * Stores the content handler currently used by Digester so it can be reset when done, and initializes the DOM * objects needed to build the node. * </p> * * @param doc the document to use to create nodes * @param root the root node * @throws ParserConfigurationException if the DocumentBuilderFactory could not be instantiated * @throws SAXException if the XMLReader could not be instantiated by Digester (should not happen) */ public NodeBuilder(Document doc, Node root) throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException { this.doc = doc; this.root = root; this.top = root; oldContentHandler = getDigester().getCustomContentHandler(); } // ------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables /** * The content handler used by Digester before it was set to this content handler. */ protected ContentHandler oldContentHandler = null; /** * Depth of the current node, relative to the element where the content handler was put into action. */ protected int depth = 0; /** * A DOM Document used to create the various Node instances. */ protected Document doc = null; /** * The DOM node that will be pushed on Digester's stack. */ protected Node root = null; /** * The current top DOM mode. */ protected Node top = null; /** * The text content of the current top DOM node. */ protected StringBuilder topText = new StringBuilder(); // --------------------------------------------- Helper Methods /** * Appends a {@link org.w3c.dom.Text Text} node to the current node if the content reported by the parser is not * purely whitespace. */ private void addTextIfPresent() throws SAXException { if (topText.length() > 0) { String str = topText.toString(); topText.setLength(0); if (str.trim().length() > 0) { // The contained text is not *pure* whitespace, so create // a text node to hold it. Note that the "untrimmed" text // is stored in the node. try { top.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(str)); } catch (DOMException e) { throw new SAXException(e.getMessage()); } } } } // --------------------------------------------- ContentHandler Methods /** * Handle notification about text embedded within the current node. * <p> * An xml parser calls this when text is found. We need to ensure that this text gets attached to the new Node * we are creating - except in the case where the only text in the node is whitespace. * <p> * There is a catch, however. According to the sax specification, a parser does not need to pass all of the text * content of a node in one go; it can make multiple calls passing part of the data on each call. In particular, * when the body of an element includes xml entity-references, at least some parsers make a separate call to * this method to pass just the entity content. * <p> * In this method, we therefore just append the provided text to a "current text" buffer. When the element end * is found, or a child element is found then we can check whether we have all-whitespace. See method * addTextIfPresent. * * @param ch the characters from the XML document * @param start the start position in the array * @param length the number of characters to read from the array * @throws SAXException if the DOM implementation throws an exception */ @Override public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { topText.append(ch, start, length); } /** * Checks whether control needs to be returned to Digester. * * @param namespaceURI the namespace URI * @param localName the local name * @param qName the qualified (prefixed) name * @throws SAXException if the DOM implementation throws an exception */ @Override public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { addTextIfPresent(); try { if (depth == 0) { getDigester().setCustomContentHandler(oldContentHandler); getDigester().push(root); getDigester().endElement(namespaceURI, localName, qName); } top = top.getParentNode(); depth--; } catch (DOMException e) { throw new SAXException(e.getMessage()); } } /** * Adds a new {@link org.w3c.dom.ProcessingInstruction ProcessingInstruction} to the current node. * * @param target the processing instruction target * @param data the processing instruction data, or null if none was supplied * @throws SAXException if the DOM implementation throws an exception */ @Override public void processingInstruction(String target, String data) throws SAXException { try { top.appendChild(doc.createProcessingInstruction(target, data)); } catch (DOMException e) { throw new SAXException(e.getMessage()); } } /** * Adds a new child {@link Element Element} to the current node. * * @param namespaceURI the namespace URI * @param localName the local name * @param qName the qualified (prefixed) name * @param atts the list of attributes * @throws SAXException if the DOM implementation throws an exception */ @Override public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName, Attributes atts) throws SAXException { addTextIfPresent(); try { Node previousTop = top; if ((localName == null) || (localName.length() == 0)) { top = doc.createElement(qName); } else { top = doc.createElementNS(namespaceURI, localName); } for (int i = 0; i < atts.getLength(); i++) { Attr attr = null; if ((atts.getLocalName(i) == null) || (atts.getLocalName(i).length() == 0)) { attr = doc.createAttribute(atts.getQName(i)); attr.setNodeValue(atts.getValue(i)); ((Element) top).setAttributeNode(attr); } else { attr = doc.createAttributeNS(atts.getURI(i), atts.getLocalName(i)); attr.setNodeValue(atts.getValue(i)); ((Element) top).setAttributeNodeNS(attr); } } previousTop.appendChild(top); depth++; } catch (DOMException e) { throw new SAXException(e.getMessage()); } } } // ----------------------------------------------------------- Constructors /** * Default constructor. Creates an instance of this rule that will create a DOM {@link Element Element}. * * @throws ParserConfigurationException if a DocumentBuilder cannot be created which satisfies the * configuration requested. * @see DocumentBuilderFactory#newDocumentBuilder() */ public NodeCreateRule() throws ParserConfigurationException { this(Node.ELEMENT_NODE); } /** * Constructor. Creates an instance of this rule that will create a DOM {@link Element Element}, but * lets you specify the JAXP <code>DocumentBuilder</code> that should be used when constructing the node tree. * * @param documentBuilder the JAXP <code>DocumentBuilder</code> to use */ public NodeCreateRule(DocumentBuilder documentBuilder) { this(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, documentBuilder); } /** * Constructor. Creates an instance of this rule that will create either a DOM {@link Element Element} * or a DOM {@link org.w3c.dom.DocumentFragment DocumentFragment}, depending on the value of the * <code>nodeType</code> parameter. * * @param nodeType the type of node to create, which can be either {@link Node#ELEMENT_NODE * Node.ELEMENT_NODE} or {@link Node#DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE} * @throws ParserConfigurationException if a DocumentBuilder cannot be created which satisfies the * configuration requested. * @see DocumentBuilderFactory#newDocumentBuilder() */ public NodeCreateRule(int nodeType) throws ParserConfigurationException { this(nodeType, DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder()); } /** * Constructor. Creates an instance of this rule that will create either a DOM {@link Element Element} * or a DOM {@link org.w3c.dom.DocumentFragment DocumentFragment}, depending on the value of the * <code>nodeType</code> parameter. This constructor lets you specify the JAXP <code>DocumentBuilder</code> that * should be used when constructing the node tree. * * @param nodeType the type of node to create, which can be either {@link Node#ELEMENT_NODE * Node.ELEMENT_NODE} or {@link Node#DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE} * @param documentBuilder the JAXP <code>DocumentBuilder</code> to use */ public NodeCreateRule(int nodeType, DocumentBuilder documentBuilder) { if (!((nodeType == Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) || (nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE))) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only create nodes of type DocumentFragment and Element"); } this.nodeType = nodeType; this.documentBuilder = documentBuilder; } // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables /** * The JAXP <code>DocumentBuilder</code> to use. */ private DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = null; /** * The type of the node that should be created. Must be one of the constants defined in {@link Node * Node}, but currently only {@link Node#ELEMENT_NODE Node.ELEMENT_NODE} and * {@link Node#DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE} are allowed values. */ private int nodeType = Node.ELEMENT_NODE; // ----------------------------------------------------------- Rule Methods /** * When this method fires, the digester is told to forward all SAX ContentHandler events to the builder object, * resulting in a DOM being built instead of normal digester rule-handling occurring. When the end of the current * xml element is encountered, the original content handler is restored (expected to be NULL, allowing normal * Digester operations to continue). * * @param namespaceURI the namespace URI of the matching element, or an empty string if the parser is not namespace * aware or the element has no namespace * @param name the local name if the parser is namespace aware, or just the element name otherwise * @param attributes The attribute list of this element * @throws Exception indicates a JAXP configuration problem */ @Override public void begin(String namespaceURI, String name, Attributes attributes) throws Exception { Document doc = documentBuilder.newDocument(); NodeBuilder builder = null; if (nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { Element element = null; if (getDigester().getNamespaceAware()) { element = doc.createElementNS(namespaceURI, name); for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { element.setAttributeNS(attributes.getURI(i), attributes.getQName(i), attributes.getValue(i)); } } else { element = doc.createElement(name); for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { element.setAttribute(attributes.getQName(i), attributes.getValue(i)); } } builder = new NodeBuilder(doc, element); } else { builder = new NodeBuilder(doc, doc.createDocumentFragment()); } // the NodeBuilder constructor has already saved the original // value of the digester's custom content handler (expected to // be null, but we save it just in case). So now we just // need to tell the digester to forward events to the builder. getDigester().setCustomContentHandler(builder); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void end(String namespace, String name) throws Exception { getDigester().pop(); } }