it.d4nguard.rgrpg.util.StringCompiler.java Source code

Java tutorial

Introduction

Here is the source code for it.d4nguard.rgrpg.util.StringCompiler.java

Source

// RG-RPG is a Java-based text, roleplaying-gal game, in which you
// have to carry many girls. The RG-RPG acronym is a recursive one and
// it means "RG-RPG is a Gal Role playing game Pointing on Girls."
// Copyright (C) 2013 by Alessandro Accardo <julius8774@gmail.com>
// 
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or (at
// your option) any later version.
// 
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// General Public License for more details.
// 
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// 
package it.d4nguard.rgrpg.util;

import it.d4nguard.rgrpg.util.dynacast.DynaManipulator;
import it.d4nguard.rgrpg.util.dynacast.DynaManipulatorException;

import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrMatcher;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrTokenizer;

public class StringCompiler implements CharSequence, Appendable, Serializable {
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Inner class to allow StringCompiler to operate as a writer.
     */
    class StringCompilerReader extends Reader {
        /** The last mark position. */
        private int mark;
        /** The current stream position. */
        private int pos;

        /**
         * Default constructor.
         */
        StringCompilerReader() {
            super();
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void close() {
            // do nothing
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void mark(int readAheadLimit) {
            mark = pos;
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public boolean markSupported() {
            return true;
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public int read() {
            if (ready() == false) {
                return -1;
            }
            return StringCompiler.this.charAt(pos++);
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public int read(char b[], int off, int len) {
            if (off < 0 || len < 0 || off > b.length || (off + len) > b.length || (off + len) < 0) {
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
            }
            if (len == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (pos >= StringCompiler.this.size()) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (pos + len > size()) {
                len = StringCompiler.this.size() - pos;
            }
            StringCompiler.this.getChars(pos, pos + len, b, off);
            pos += len;
            return len;
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public boolean ready() {
            return pos < StringCompiler.this.size();
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void reset() {
            pos = mark;
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public long skip(long n) {
            if (pos + n > StringCompiler.this.size()) {
                n = StringCompiler.this.size() - pos;
            }
            if (n < 0) {
                return 0;
            }
            pos += n;
            return n;
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Inner class to allow StringCompiler to operate as a tokenizer.
     */
    class StringCompilerTokenizer extends StrTokenizer {
        /**
         * Default constructor.
         */
        StringCompilerTokenizer() {
            super();
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public String getContent() {
            String str = super.getContent();
            if (str == null) {
                return StringCompiler.this.toString();
            } else {
                return str;
            }
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        protected List<String> tokenize(char[] chars, int offset, int count) {
            if (chars == null) {
                return super.tokenize(StringCompiler.this.buffer, 0, StringCompiler.this.size());
            } else {
                return super.tokenize(chars, offset, count);
            }
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Inner class to allow StringCompiler to operate as a writer.
     */
    class StringCompilerWriter extends Writer {
        /**
         * Default constructor.
         */
        StringCompilerWriter() {
            super();
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void close() {
            // do nothing
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void flush() {
            // do nothing
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void write(char[] cbuf) {
            StringCompiler.this.append(cbuf);
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) {
            StringCompiler.this.append(cbuf, off, len);
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void write(int c) {
            StringCompiler.this.append((char) c);
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void write(String str) {
            StringCompiler.this.append(str);
        }

        /** {@inheritDoc} */
        @Override
        public void write(String str, int off, int len) {
            StringCompiler.this.append(str, off, len);
        }
    }

    /**
     * An empty immutable {@code char} array.
     */
    public static final char[] EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY = new char[0];
    /**
     * NUL character, formally \0, used only to organize the code
     */
    public static final char NUL = '\0';

    private static final char[] LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator").toCharArray();

    /**
     * Required for serialization support.
     * 
     * @see java.io.Serializable
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7628716375283629643L;

    /**
     * The extra capacity for new builders.
     */
    static final int CAPACITY = 32;

    public static String toString(Object obj) {
        return obj == null ? "" : obj.toString();
    }

    /** Internal data storage. */
    private char[] buffer;

    private final char fill;

    private final int length;

    /** The new line. */
    private String newLine;

    /** The null text. */
    private String nullText;

    /** Current size of the buffer. */
    private int size;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Constructor that creates an empty builder initial capacity 32 characters.
     */
    public StringCompiler() {
        this(CAPACITY, 0, NUL);
    }

    public StringCompiler(int length, char fill) {
        this(CAPACITY, length, fill);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor that creates an empty builder the specified initial capacity.
     * 
     * @param initialCapacity
     *            the initial capacity, zero or less will be converted to 32
     */
    public StringCompiler(int initialCapacity, int length, char fill) {
        super();
        if (initialCapacity <= 0) {
            initialCapacity = CAPACITY;
        }
        buffer = new char[initialCapacity];
        this.length = length;
        this.fill = fill;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor that creates a builder from the string, allocating
     * 32 extra characters for growth.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to copy, null treated as blank string
     */
    public StringCompiler(String str) {
        this(str, 0, NUL);
    }

    public StringCompiler(String str, int length, char fill) {
        super();
        if (str == null) {
            buffer = new char[CAPACITY];
        } else {
            buffer = new char[str.length() + CAPACITY];
            append(str);
        }
        this.length = length;
        this.fill = fill;
    }

    private void preliminars() {
        if (canFill())
            fill();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a boolean value to the string builder.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(boolean value) {
        preliminars();
        if (value) {
            ensureCapacity(size + 4);
            buffer[size++] = 't';
            buffer[size++] = 'r';
            buffer[size++] = 'u';
            buffer[size++] = 'e';
        } else {
            ensureCapacity(size + 5);
            buffer[size++] = 'f';
            buffer[size++] = 'a';
            buffer[size++] = 'l';
            buffer[size++] = 's';
            buffer[size++] = 'e';
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a char value to the string builder.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public StringCompiler append(char ch) {
        preliminars();
        int len = length();
        ensureCapacity(len + 1);
        buffer[size++] = ch;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a char array to the string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param chars
     *            the char array to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(char[] chars) {
        preliminars();
        if (chars == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        int strLen = chars.length;
        if (strLen > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + strLen);
            System.arraycopy(chars, 0, buffer, len, strLen);
            size += strLen;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a char array to the string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param chars
     *            the char array to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(char[] chars, int startIndex, int length) {
        preliminars();
        if (chars == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        if (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > chars.length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid startIndex: " + length);
        }
        if (length < 0 || (startIndex + length) > chars.length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid length: " + length);
        }
        if (length > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + length);
            System.arraycopy(chars, startIndex, buffer, len, length);
            size += length;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a CharSequence to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param seq
     *            the CharSequence to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public StringCompiler append(CharSequence seq) {
        preliminars();
        if (seq == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        return append(seq.toString());
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a CharSequence to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param seq
     *            the CharSequence to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public StringCompiler append(CharSequence seq, int startIndex, int length) {
        preliminars();
        if (seq == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        return append(seq.toString(), startIndex, length);
    }

    /**
     * Appends a double value to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(double value) {
        preliminars();
        return append(String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Appends a float value to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(float value) {
        preliminars();
        return append(String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Appends an int value to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(int value) {
        preliminars();
        return append(String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Appends a long value to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(long value) {
        preliminars();
        return append(String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Appends an object to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param obj
     *            the object to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(Object obj) {
        preliminars();
        if (obj == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        return append(obj.toString());
    }

    /**
     * Appends a string to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(String str) {
        preliminars();
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        int strLen = str.length();
        if (strLen > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + strLen);
            str.getChars(0, strLen, buffer, len);
            size += strLen;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a string to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(String str, int startIndex, int length) {
        preliminars();
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        if (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > str.length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("startIndex must be valid");
        }
        if (length < 0 || (startIndex + length) > str.length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("length must be valid");
        }
        if (length > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + length);
            str.getChars(startIndex, startIndex + length, buffer, len);
            size += length;
        }
        return this;
    }

    public StringCompiler append(String fmt, Object... args) {
        return append(String.format(fmt, args));
    }

    /**
     * Appends a string buffer to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string buffer to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(StringBuffer str) {
        preliminars();
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        int strLen = str.length();
        if (strLen > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + strLen);
            str.getChars(0, strLen, buffer, len);
            size += strLen;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a string buffer to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(StringBuffer str, int startIndex, int length) {
        preliminars();
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        if (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > str.length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("startIndex must be valid");
        }
        if (length < 0 || (startIndex + length) > str.length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("length must be valid");
        }
        if (length > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + length);
            str.getChars(startIndex, startIndex + length, buffer, len);
            size += length;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends another string builder to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string builder to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(StringCompiler str) {
        preliminars();
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        int strLen = str.length();
        if (strLen > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + strLen);
            System.arraycopy(str.buffer, 0, buffer, len, strLen);
            size += strLen;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a string builder to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler append(StringCompiler str, int startIndex, int length) {
        preliminars();
        if (str == null) {
            return appendNull();
        }
        if (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > str.length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("startIndex must be valid");
        }
        if (length < 0 || (startIndex + length) > str.length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("length must be valid");
        }
        if (length > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + length);
            str.getChars(startIndex, startIndex + length, buffer, len);
            size += length;
        }
        return this;
    }

    public StringCompiler append(Class<?> clazz, Object value, String fieldName) {
        preliminars();
        Field field = GenericsUtils.safeGetDeclaredField(clazz, fieldName);
        if (field != null) {
            append(field.getName()).append("=");
            if (field.getType().isArray() || Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
                fill(field.getName().length() + 1, ' ');
            }
            try {
                append(DynaManipulator.getValue(fieldName, value));
            } catch (DynaManipulatorException e) {
                append("null");
            }
        } else
            append(fieldName).append("=null");
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends each item in a iterable to the builder without any separators.
     * Appending a null iterable will have no effect.
     * Each object is appended using {@link #append(Object)}.
     * 
     * @param iterable
     *            the iterable to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendAll(Iterable<?> iterable) {
        if (iterable != null) {
            Iterator<?> it = iterable.iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                append(it.next());
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends each item in an iterator to the builder without any separators.
     * Appending a null iterator will have no effect.
     * Each object is appended using {@link #append(Object)}.
     * 
     * @param it
     *            the iterator to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendAll(Iterator<?> it) {
        if (it != null) {
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                append(it.next());
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends each item in an array to the builder without any separators.
     * Appending a null array will have no effect.
     * Each object is appended using {@link #append(Object)}.
     * 
     * @param array
     *            the array to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendAll(Object[] array) {
        if (array != null && array.length > 0) {
            for (Object element : array) {
                append(element);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends an object to the builder padding on the left to a fixed width.
     * The <code>String.valueOf</code> of the <code>int</code> value is used.
     * If the formatted value is larger than the length, the left hand side is
     * lost.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @param width
     *            the fixed field width, zero or negative has no effect
     * @param padChar
     *            the pad character to use
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendFixedWidthPadLeft(int value, int width, char padChar) {
        return appendFixedWidthPadLeft(String.valueOf(value), width, padChar);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends an object to the builder padding on the left to a fixed width.
     * The <code>toString</code> of the object is used.
     * If the object is larger than the length, the left hand side is lost.
     * If the object is null, the null text value is used.
     * 
     * @param obj
     *            the object to append, null uses null text
     * @param width
     *            the fixed field width, zero or negative has no effect
     * @param padChar
     *            the pad character to use
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendFixedWidthPadLeft(Object obj, int width, char padChar) {
        if (width > 0) {
            ensureCapacity(size + width);
            String str = (obj == null ? getNullText() : obj.toString());
            if (str == null) {
                str = "";
            }
            int strLen = str.length();
            if (strLen >= width) {
                str.getChars(strLen - width, strLen, buffer, size);
            } else {
                int padLen = width - strLen;
                for (int i = 0; i < padLen; i++) {
                    buffer[size + i] = padChar;
                }
                str.getChars(0, strLen, buffer, size + padLen);
            }
            size += width;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends an object to the builder padding on the right to a fixed length.
     * The <code>String.valueOf</code> of the <code>int</code> value is used.
     * If the object is larger than the length, the right hand side is lost.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @param width
     *            the fixed field width, zero or negative has no effect
     * @param padChar
     *            the pad character to use
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendFixedWidthPadRight(int value, int width, char padChar) {
        return appendFixedWidthPadRight(String.valueOf(value), width, padChar);
    }

    /**
     * Appends an object to the builder padding on the right to a fixed length.
     * The <code>toString</code> of the object is used.
     * If the object is larger than the length, the right hand side is lost.
     * If the object is null, null text value is used.
     * 
     * @param obj
     *            the object to append, null uses null text
     * @param width
     *            the fixed field width, zero or negative has no effect
     * @param padChar
     *            the pad character to use
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendFixedWidthPadRight(Object obj, int width, char padChar) {
        if (width > 0) {
            ensureCapacity(size + width);
            String str = (obj == null ? getNullText() : obj.toString());
            if (str == null) {
                str = "";
            }
            int strLen = str.length();
            if (strLen >= width) {
                str.getChars(0, width, buffer, size);
            } else {
                int padLen = width - strLen;
                str.getChars(0, strLen, buffer, size);
                for (int i = 0; i < padLen; i++) {
                    buffer[size + strLen + i] = padChar;
                }
            }
            size += width;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a boolean value followed by a new line to the string builder.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(boolean value) {
        return append(value).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a char value followed by a new line to the string builder.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(char ch) {
        return append(ch).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a char array followed by a new line to the string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param chars
     *            the char array to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(char[] chars) {
        return append(chars).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a char array followed by a new line to the string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param chars
     *            the char array to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(char[] chars, int startIndex, int length) {
        return append(chars, startIndex, length).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a double value followed by a new line to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(double value) {
        return append(value).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a float value followed by a new line to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(float value) {
        return append(value).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends an int value followed by a new line to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(int value) {
        return append(value).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a long value followed by a new line to the string builder using
     * <code>String.valueOf</code>.
     * 
     * @param value
     *            the value to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(long value) {
        return append(value).appendNewLine();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends an object followed by a new line to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param obj
     *            the object to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(Object obj) {
        return append(obj).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends a string followed by a new line to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(String str) {
        return append(str).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a string followed by a new line to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(String str, int startIndex, int length) {
        return append(str, startIndex, length).appendNewLine();
    }

    public StringCompiler appendln(String fmt, Object... args) {
        return appendln(String.format(fmt, args));
    }

    /**
     * Appends a string buffer followed by a new line to this string builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string buffer to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(StringBuffer str) {
        return append(str).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a string buffer followed by a new line to this string
     * builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(StringBuffer str, int startIndex, int length) {
        return append(str, startIndex, length).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends another string builder followed by a new line to this string
     * builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string builder to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(StringCompiler str) {
        return append(str).appendNewLine();
    }

    /**
     * Appends part of a string builder followed by a new line to this string
     * builder.
     * Appending null will call {@link #appendNull()}.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to append
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, must be valid
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendln(StringCompiler str, int startIndex, int length) {
        return append(str, startIndex, length).appendNewLine();
    }

    public StringCompiler appendln(Class<?> clazz, Object value, String field) {
        return append(clazz, value, field).appendNewLine();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends the new line string to this string builder.
     * <p>
     * The new line string can be altered using {@link #setNewLineText(String)}.
     * This might be used to force the output to always use Unix line endings
     * even when on Windows.
     * 
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendNewLine() {
        if (newLine == null) {
            append(LINE_SEPARATOR);
            return this;
        }
        return append(newLine);
    }

    /**
     * Appends the text representing <code>null</code> to this string builder.
     * 
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendNull() {
        if (nullText == null) {
            return this;
        }
        return append(nullText);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends the pad character to the builder the specified number of times.
     * 
     * @param length
     *            the length to append, negative means no append
     * @param padChar
     *            the character to append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendPadding(int length, char padChar) {
        if (length >= 0) {
            ensureCapacity(size + length);
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                buffer[size++] = padChar;
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a separator if the builder is currently non-empty.
     * The separator is appended using {@link #append(char)}.
     * <p>
     * This method is useful for adding a separator each time around the loop
     * except the first.
     * 
     * <pre>
     * for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
     * {
     *    appendSeparator(',');
     *    append(it.next());
     * }
     * </pre>
     * 
     * Note that for this simple example, you should use
     * {@link #appendWithSeparators(Iterable, String)}.
     * 
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendSeparator(char separator) {
        if (size() > 0) {
            append(separator);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Append one of both separators to the builder
     * If the builder is currently empty it will append the
     * defaultIfEmpty-separator
     * Otherwise it will append the standard-separator
     * The separator is appended using {@link #append(char)}.
     * 
     * @param standard
     *            the separator if builder is not empty
     * @param defaultIfEmpty
     *            the separator if builder is empty
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public StringCompiler appendSeparator(char standard, char defaultIfEmpty) {
        if (size() > 0) {
            append(standard);
        } else {
            append(defaultIfEmpty);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a separator to the builder if the loop index is greater than
     * zero.
     * The separator is appended using {@link #append(char)}.
     * <p>
     * This method is useful for adding a separator each time around the loop
     * except the first.
     * 
     * <pre>
     * for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++)
     * {
     *    appendSeparator(&quot;,&quot;, i);
     *    append(list.get(i));
     * }
     * </pre>
     * 
     * Note that for this simple example, you should use
     * {@link #appendWithSeparators(Iterable, String)}.
     * 
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use
     * @param loopIndex
     *            the loop index
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendSeparator(char separator, int loopIndex) {
        if (loopIndex > 0) {
            append(separator);
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends a separator if the builder is currently non-empty.
     * Appending a null separator will have no effect.
     * The separator is appended using {@link #append(String)}.
     * <p>
     * This method is useful for adding a separator each time around the loop
     * except the first.
     * 
     * <pre>
     * for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
     * {
     *    appendSeparator(&quot;,&quot;);
     *    append(it.next());
     * }
     * </pre>
     * 
     * Note that for this simple example, you should use
     * {@link #appendWithSeparators(Iterable, String)}.
     * 
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use, null means no separator
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendSeparator(String separator) {
        return appendSeparator(separator, null);
    }

    /**
     * Appends a separator to the builder if the loop index is greater than
     * zero.
     * Appending a null separator will have no effect.
     * The separator is appended using {@link #append(String)}.
     * <p>
     * This method is useful for adding a separator each time around the loop
     * except the first.
     * 
     * <pre>
     * for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++)
     * {
     *    appendSeparator(&quot;,&quot;, i);
     *    append(list.get(i));
     * }
     * </pre>
     * 
     * Note that for this simple example, you should use
     * {@link #appendWithSeparators(Iterable, String)}.
     * 
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use, null means no separator
     * @param loopIndex
     *            the loop index
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.3
     */
    public StringCompiler appendSeparator(String separator, int loopIndex) {
        if (separator != null && loopIndex > 0) {
            append(separator);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends one of both separators to the StringCompiler.
     * If the builder is currently empty it will append the
     * defaultIfEmpty-separator
     * Otherwise it will append the standard-separator
     * Appending a null separator will have no effect.
     * The separator is appended using {@link #append(String)}.
     * <p>
     * This method is for example useful for constructing queries
     * 
     * <pre>
     * StringCompiler whereClause = new StringCompiler();
     * if(searchCommand.getPriority() != null) {
     *  whereClause.appendSeparator(" and", " where");
     *  whereClause.append(" priority = ?")
     * }
     * if(searchCommand.getComponent() != null) {
     *  whereClause.appendSeparator(" and", " where");
     *  whereClause.append(" component = ?")
     * }
     * selectClause.append(whereClause)
     * </pre>
     * 
     * @param standard
     *            the separator if builder is not empty, null means no separator
     * @param defaultIfEmpty
     *            the separator if builder is empty, null means no separator
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public StringCompiler appendSeparator(String standard, String defaultIfEmpty) {
        String str = isEmpty() ? defaultIfEmpty : standard;
        if (str != null) {
            append(str);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a iterable placing separators between each value, but
     * not before the first or after the last.
     * Appending a null iterable will have no effect.
     * Each object is appended using {@link #append(Object)}.
     * 
     * @param iterable
     *            the iterable to append
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use, null means no separator
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendWithSeparators(Iterable<?> iterable, String separator) {
        if (iterable != null) {
            separator = toString(separator);
            Iterator<?> it = iterable.iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                append(it.next());
                if (it.hasNext()) {
                    append(separator);
                }
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends an iterator placing separators between each value, but
     * not before the first or after the last.
     * Appending a null iterator will have no effect.
     * Each object is appended using {@link #append(Object)}.
     * 
     * @param it
     *            the iterator to append
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use, null means no separator
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendWithSeparators(Iterator<?> it, String separator) {
        if (it != null) {
            separator = toString(separator);
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                append(it.next());
                if (it.hasNext()) {
                    append(separator);
                }
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Appends an array placing separators between each value, but
     * not before the first or after the last.
     * Appending a null array will have no effect.
     * Each object is appended using {@link #append(Object)}.
     * 
     * @param array
     *            the array to append
     * @param separator
     *            the separator to use, null means no separator
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler appendWithSeparators(Object[] array, String separator) {
        if (array != null && array.length > 0) {
            separator = toString(separator);
            append(array[0]);
            for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
                append(separator);
                append(array[i]);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the contents of this builder as a Reader.
     * <p>
     * This method allows the contents of the builder to be read using any
     * standard method that expects a Reader.
     * <p>
     * To use, simply create a <code>StringCompiler</code>, populate it with
     * data, call <code>asReader</code>, and then read away.
     * <p>
     * The internal character array is shared between the builder and the
     * reader. This allows you to append to the builder after creating the
     * reader, and the changes will be picked up. Note however, that no
     * synchronization occurs, so you must perform all operations with the
     * builder and the reader in one thread.
     * <p>
     * The returned reader supports marking, and ignores the flush method.
     * 
     * @return a reader that reads from this builder
     */
    public Reader asReader() {
        return new StringCompilerReader();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Creates a tokenizer that can tokenize the contents of this builder.
     * <p>
     * This method allows the contents of this builder to be tokenized. The
     * tokenizer will be setup by default to tokenize on space, tab, newline and
     * formfeed (as per StringTokenizer). These values can be changed on the
     * tokenizer class, before retrieving the tokens.
     * <p>
     * The returned tokenizer is linked to this builder. You may intermix calls
     * to the buider and tokenizer within certain limits, however there is no
     * synchronization. Once the tokenizer has been used once, it must be
     * {@link StrTokenizer#reset() reset} to pickup the latest changes in the
     * builder. For example:
     * 
     * <pre>
     * StringCompiler b = new StringCompiler();
     * b.append(&quot;a b &quot;);
     * StrTokenizer t = b.asTokenizer();
     * String[] tokens1 = t.getTokenArray(); // returns a,b
     * b.append(&quot;c d &quot;);
     * String[] tokens2 = t.getTokenArray(); // returns a,b (c and d ignored)
     * t.reset(); // reset causes builder changes to be picked up
     * String[] tokens3 = t.getTokenArray(); // returns a,b,c,d
     * </pre>
     * 
     * In addition to simply intermixing appends and tokenization, you can also
     * call the set methods on the tokenizer to alter how it tokenizes. Just
     * remember to call reset when you want to pickup builder changes.
     * <p>
     * Calling {@link StrTokenizer#reset(String)} or
     * {@link StrTokenizer#reset(char[])} with a non-null value will break the
     * link with the builder.
     * 
     * @return a tokenizer that is linked to this builder
     */
    public StrTokenizer asTokenizer() {
        return new StringCompilerTokenizer();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets this builder as a Writer that can be written to.
     * <p>
     * This method allows you to populate the contents of the builder using any
     * standard method that takes a Writer.
     * <p>
     * To use, simply create a <code>StringCompiler</code>, call
     * <code>asWriter</code>, and populate away. The data is available at any
     * time using the methods of the <code>StringCompiler</code>.
     * <p>
     * The internal character array is shared between the builder and the
     * writer. This allows you to intermix calls that append to the builder and
     * write using the writer and the changes will be occur correctly. Note
     * however, that no synchronization occurs, so you must perform all
     * operations with the builder and the writer in one thread.
     * <p>
     * The returned writer ignores the close and flush methods.
     * 
     * @return a writer that populates this builder
     */
    public Writer asWriter() {
        return new StringCompilerWriter();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the current size of the internal character array buffer.
     * 
     * @return the capacity
     */
    public int capacity() {
        return buffer.length;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the character at the specified index.
     * 
     * @see #setCharAt(int, char)
     * @see #deleteCharAt(int)
     * @param index
     *            the index to retrieve, must be valid
     * @return the character at the index
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public char charAt(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        return buffer[index];
    }

    /**
     * Clears the string builder (convenience Collections API style method).
     * <p>
     * This method does not reduce the size of the internal character buffer. To
     * do that, call <code>clear()</code> followed by
     * {@link #minimizeCapacity()}.
     * <p>
     * This method is the same as {@link #setLength(int)} called with zero and
     * is provided to match the API of Collections.
     * 
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler clear() {
        size = 0;
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if the string builder contains the specified char.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to find
     * @return true if the builder contains the character
     */
    public boolean contains(char ch) {
        char[] thisBuf = buffer;
        for (int i = 0; i < this.size; i++) {
            if (thisBuf[i] == ch) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the string builder contains the specified string.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to find
     * @return true if the builder contains the string
     */
    public boolean contains(String str) {
        return indexOf(str, 0) >= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the string builder contains a string matched using the
     * specified matcher.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced searching behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to search for the character 'a' followed by a
     * number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use, null returns -1
     * @return true if the matcher finds a match in the builder
     */
    public boolean contains(StrMatcher matcher) {
        return indexOf(matcher, 0) >= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Deletes the characters between the two specified indices.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index, exclusive, must be valid except
     *            that if too large it is treated as end of string
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler delete(int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        endIndex = validateRange(startIndex, endIndex);
        int len = endIndex - startIndex;
        if (len > 0) {
            deleteImpl(startIndex, endIndex, len);
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Deletes the character wherever it occurs in the builder.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to delete
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteAll(char ch) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (buffer[i] == ch) {
                int start = i;
                while (++i < size) {
                    if (buffer[i] != ch) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                int len = i - start;
                deleteImpl(start, i, len);
                i -= len;
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Deletes the string wherever it occurs in the builder.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to delete, null causes no action
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteAll(String str) {
        int len = (str == null ? 0 : str.length());
        if (len > 0) {
            int index = indexOf(str, 0);
            while (index >= 0) {
                deleteImpl(index, index + len, len);
                index = indexOf(str, index);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Deletes all parts of the builder that the matcher matches.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced deletion behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to delete all occurances where the character
     * 'a' is followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use to find the deletion, null causes no action
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteAll(StrMatcher matcher) {
        return replace(matcher, null, 0, size, -1);
    }

    /**
     * Deletes the character at the specified index.
     * 
     * @see #charAt(int)
     * @see #setCharAt(int, char)
     * @param index
     *            the index to delete
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteCharAt(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        deleteImpl(index, index + 1, 1);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Deletes the character wherever it occurs in the builder.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to delete
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteFirst(char ch) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (buffer[i] == ch) {
                deleteImpl(i, i + 1, 1);
                break;
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Deletes the string wherever it occurs in the builder.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to delete, null causes no action
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteFirst(String str) {
        int len = (str == null ? 0 : str.length());
        if (len > 0) {
            int index = indexOf(str, 0);
            if (index >= 0) {
                deleteImpl(index, index + len, len);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Deletes the first match within the builder using the specified matcher.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced deletion behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to delete where the character 'a' is followed
     * by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use to find the deletion, null causes no action
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler deleteFirst(StrMatcher matcher) {
        return replace(matcher, null, 0, size, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this builder ends with the specified string.
     * <p>
     * Note that this method handles null input quietly, unlike String.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to search for, null returns false
     * @return true if the builder ends with the string
     */
    public boolean endsWith(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return false;
        }
        int len = str.length();
        if (len == 0) {
            return true;
        }
        if (len > size) {
            return false;
        }
        int pos = size - len;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++, pos++) {
            if (buffer[pos] != str.charAt(i)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Checks the capacity and ensures that it is at least the size specified.
     * 
     * @param capacity
     *            the capacity to ensure
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler ensureCapacity(int capacity) {
        if (capacity > buffer.length) {
            char[] old = buffer;
            buffer = new char[capacity * 2];
            System.arraycopy(old, 0, buffer, 0, size);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Checks the contents of this builder against another to see if they
     * contain the same character content.
     * 
     * @param obj
     *            the object to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the builders contain the same characters in the same
     *         order
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof StringCompiler) {
            return equals((StringCompiler) obj);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks the contents of this builder against another to see if they
     * contain the same character content.
     * 
     * @param other
     *            the object to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the builders contain the same characters in the same
     *         order
     */
    public boolean equals(StringCompiler other) {
        if (this == other) {
            return true;
        }
        if (this.size != other.size) {
            return false;
        }
        char thisBuf[] = this.buffer;
        char otherBuf[] = other.buffer;
        for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (thisBuf[i] != otherBuf[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks the contents of this builder against another to see if they
     * contain the same character content ignoring case.
     * 
     * @param other
     *            the object to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the builders contain the same characters in the same
     *         order
     */
    public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(StringCompiler other) {
        if (this == other) {
            return true;
        }
        if (this.size != other.size) {
            return false;
        }
        char thisBuf[] = this.buffer;
        char otherBuf[] = other.buffer;
        for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            char c1 = thisBuf[i];
            char c2 = otherBuf[i];
            if (c1 != c2 && Character.toUpperCase(c1) != Character.toUpperCase(c2)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public StringCompiler fill() {
        return fill(length, fill);
    }

    public StringCompiler fill(int length, char fill) {
        char[] chars = new char[length];
        Arrays.fill(chars, fill);
        int strLen = chars.length;
        if (strLen > 0) {
            int len = length();
            ensureCapacity(len + strLen);
            System.arraycopy(chars, 0, buffer, len, strLen);
            size += strLen;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Copies the character array into the specified array.
     * 
     * @param destination
     *            the destination array, null will cause an array to be created
     * @return the input array, unless that was null or too small
     */
    public char[] getChars(char[] destination) {
        int len = length();
        if (destination == null || destination.length < len) {
            destination = new char[len];
        }
        System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, destination, 0, len);
        return destination;
    }

    /**
     * Copies the character array into the specified array.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            first index to copy, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            last index, exclusive, must be valid
     * @param destination
     *            the destination array, must not be null or too small
     * @param destinationIndex
     *            the index to start copying in destination
     * @throws NullPointerException
     *             if the array is null
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if any index is invalid
     */
    public void getChars(int startIndex, int endIndex, char destination[], int destinationIndex) {
        if (startIndex < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(startIndex);
        }
        if (endIndex < 0 || endIndex > length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
        }
        if (startIndex > endIndex) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("end < start");
        }
        System.arraycopy(buffer, startIndex, destination, destinationIndex, endIndex - startIndex);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the text to be appended when a new line is added.
     * 
     * @return the new line text, null means use system default
     */
    public String getNewLineText() {
        return newLine;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the text to be appended when null is added.
     * 
     * @return the null text, null means no append
     */
    public String getNullText() {
        return nullText;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a suitable hash code for this builder.
     * 
     * @return a hash code
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        char buf[] = buffer;
        int hash = 0;
        for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            hash = 31 * hash + buf[i];
        }
        return hash;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the first reference to the specified
     * char.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to find
     * @return the first index of the character, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int indexOf(char ch) {
        return indexOf(ch, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the first reference to the specified
     * char.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to find
     * @param startIndex
     *            the index to start at, invalid index rounded to edge
     * @return the first index of the character, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int indexOf(char ch, int startIndex) {
        startIndex = (startIndex < 0 ? 0 : startIndex);
        if (startIndex >= size) {
            return -1;
        }
        char[] thisBuf = buffer;
        for (int i = startIndex; i < size; i++) {
            if (thisBuf[i] == ch) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the first reference to the specified
     * string.
     * <p>
     * Note that a null input string will return -1, whereas the JDK throws an
     * exception.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to find, null returns -1
     * @return the first index of the string, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int indexOf(String str) {
        return indexOf(str, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the first reference to the specified
     * string starting searching from the given index.
     * <p>
     * Note that a null input string will return -1, whereas the JDK throws an
     * exception.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to find, null returns -1
     * @param startIndex
     *            the index to start at, invalid index rounded to edge
     * @return the first index of the string, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int indexOf(String str, int startIndex) {
        startIndex = (startIndex < 0 ? 0 : startIndex);
        if (str == null || startIndex >= size) {
            return -1;
        }
        int strLen = str.length();
        if (strLen == 1) {
            return indexOf(str.charAt(0), startIndex);
        }
        if (strLen == 0) {
            return startIndex;
        }
        if (strLen > size) {
            return -1;
        }
        char[] thisBuf = buffer;
        int len = size - strLen + 1;
        outer: for (int i = startIndex; i < len; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < strLen; j++) {
                if (str.charAt(j) != thisBuf[i + j]) {
                    continue outer;
                }
            }
            return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder using the matcher to find the first match.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced searching behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to find the character 'a' followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use, null returns -1
     * @return the first index matched, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int indexOf(StrMatcher matcher) {
        return indexOf(matcher, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder using the matcher to find the first
     * match searching from the given index.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced searching behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to find the character 'a' followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use, null returns -1
     * @param startIndex
     *            the index to start at, invalid index rounded to edge
     * @return the first index matched, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int indexOf(StrMatcher matcher, int startIndex) {
        startIndex = (startIndex < 0 ? 0 : startIndex);
        if (matcher == null || startIndex >= size) {
            return -1;
        }
        int len = size;
        char[] buf = buffer;
        for (int i = startIndex; i < len; i++) {
            if (matcher.isMatch(buf, i, startIndex, len) > 0) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the value into this builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param value
     *            the value to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, boolean value) {
        validateIndex(index);
        if (value) {
            ensureCapacity(size + 4);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, index, buffer, index + 4, size - index);
            buffer[index++] = 't';
            buffer[index++] = 'r';
            buffer[index++] = 'u';
            buffer[index] = 'e';
            size += 4;
        } else {
            ensureCapacity(size + 5);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, index, buffer, index + 5, size - index);
            buffer[index++] = 'f';
            buffer[index++] = 'a';
            buffer[index++] = 'l';
            buffer[index++] = 's';
            buffer[index] = 'e';
            size += 5;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the character array into this builder.
     * Inserting null will use the stored null text value.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param chars
     *            the char array to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, char chars[]) {
        validateIndex(index);
        if (chars == null) {
            return insert(index, nullText);
        }
        int len = chars.length;
        if (len > 0) {
            ensureCapacity(size + len);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, index, buffer, index + len, size - index);
            System.arraycopy(chars, 0, buffer, index, len);
            size += len;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the value into this builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param value
     *            the value to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, char value) {
        validateIndex(index);
        ensureCapacity(size + 1);
        System.arraycopy(buffer, index, buffer, index + 1, size - index);
        buffer[index] = value;
        size++;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts part of the character array into this builder.
     * Inserting null will use the stored null text value.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param chars
     *            the char array to insert
     * @param offset
     *            the offset into the character array to start at, must be valid
     * @param length
     *            the length of the character array part to copy, must be
     *            positive
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if any index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, char chars[], int offset, int length) {
        validateIndex(index);
        if (chars == null) {
            return insert(index, nullText);
        }
        if (offset < 0 || offset > chars.length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid offset: " + offset);
        }
        if (length < 0 || offset + length > chars.length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid length: " + length);
        }
        if (length > 0) {
            ensureCapacity(size + length);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, index, buffer, index + length, size - index);
            System.arraycopy(chars, offset, buffer, index, length);
            size += length;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the value into this builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param value
     *            the value to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, double value) {
        return insert(index, String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the value into this builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param value
     *            the value to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, float value) {
        return insert(index, String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the value into this builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param value
     *            the value to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, int value) {
        return insert(index, String.valueOf(value));
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the value into this builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param value
     *            the value to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, long value) {
        return insert(index, String.valueOf(value));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Inserts the string representation of an object into this builder.
     * Inserting null will use the stored null text value.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param obj
     *            the object to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return insert(index, nullText);
        }
        return insert(index, obj.toString());
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the string into this builder.
     * Inserting null will use the stored null text value.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to add at, must be valid
     * @param str
     *            the string to insert
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler insert(int index, String str) {
        validateIndex(index);
        if (str == null) {
            str = nullText;
        }
        int strLen = (str == null ? 0 : str.length());
        if (strLen > 0) {
            int newSize = size + strLen;
            ensureCapacity(newSize);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, index, buffer, index + strLen, size - index);
            size = newSize;
            str.getChars(0, strLen, buffer, index); // str cannot be null here
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Checks is the string builder is empty (convenience Collections API style
     * method).
     * <p>
     * This method is the same as checking {@link #length()} and is provided to
     * match the API of Collections.
     * 
     * @return <code>true</code> if the size is <code>0</code>.
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the last reference to the specified
     * char.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to find
     * @return the last index of the character, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(char ch) {
        return lastIndexOf(ch, size - 1);
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the last reference to the specified
     * char.
     * 
     * @param ch
     *            the character to find
     * @param startIndex
     *            the index to start at, invalid index rounded to edge
     * @return the last index of the character, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(char ch, int startIndex) {
        startIndex = (startIndex >= size ? size - 1 : startIndex);
        if (startIndex < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        for (int i = startIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (buffer[i] == ch) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the last reference to the specified
     * string.
     * <p>
     * Note that a null input string will return -1, whereas the JDK throws an
     * exception.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to find, null returns -1
     * @return the last index of the string, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(String str) {
        return lastIndexOf(str, size - 1);
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder to find the last reference to the specified
     * string starting searching from the given index.
     * <p>
     * Note that a null input string will return -1, whereas the JDK throws an
     * exception.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to find, null returns -1
     * @param startIndex
     *            the index to start at, invalid index rounded to edge
     * @return the last index of the string, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(String str, int startIndex) {
        startIndex = (startIndex >= size ? size - 1 : startIndex);
        if (str == null || startIndex < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        int strLen = str.length();
        if (strLen > 0 && strLen <= size) {
            if (strLen == 1) {
                return lastIndexOf(str.charAt(0), startIndex);
            }

            outer: for (int i = startIndex - strLen + 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                for (int j = 0; j < strLen; j++) {
                    if (str.charAt(j) != buffer[i + j]) {
                        continue outer;
                    }
                }
                return i;
            }

        } else if (strLen == 0) {
            return startIndex;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder using the matcher to find the last match.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced searching behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to find the character 'a' followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use, null returns -1
     * @return the last index matched, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(StrMatcher matcher) {
        return lastIndexOf(matcher, size);
    }

    /**
     * Searches the string builder using the matcher to find the last
     * match searching from the given index.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced searching behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to find the character 'a' followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use, null returns -1
     * @param startIndex
     *            the index to start at, invalid index rounded to edge
     * @return the last index matched, or -1 if not found
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(StrMatcher matcher, int startIndex) {
        startIndex = (startIndex >= size ? size - 1 : startIndex);
        if (matcher == null || startIndex < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        char[] buf = buffer;
        int endIndex = startIndex + 1;
        for (int i = startIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (matcher.isMatch(buf, i, 0, endIndex) > 0) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the leftmost characters from the string builder without
     * throwing an exception.
     * <p>
     * This method extracts the left <code>length</code> characters from the
     * builder. If this many characters are not available, the whole builder is
     * returned. Thus the returned string may be shorter than the length
     * requested.
     * 
     * @param length
     *            the number of characters to extract, negative returns empty
     *            string
     * @return the new string
     */
    public String leftString(int length) {
        if (length <= 0) {
            return "";
        } else if (length >= size) {
            return new String(buffer, 0, size);
        } else {
            return new String(buffer, 0, length);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the length of the string builder.
     * 
     * @return the length
     */
    public int length() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts some characters from the middle of the string builder without
     * throwing an exception.
     * <p>
     * This method extracts <code>length</code> characters from the builder at
     * the specified index. If the index is negative it is treated as zero. If
     * the index is greater than the builder size, it is treated as the builder
     * size. If the length is negative, the empty string is returned. If
     * insufficient characters are available in the builder, as much as possible
     * is returned. Thus the returned string may be shorter than the length
     * requested.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index to start at, negative means zero
     * @param length
     *            the number of characters to extract, negative returns empty
     *            string
     * @return the new string
     */
    public String midString(int index, int length) {
        if (index < 0) {
            index = 0;
        }
        if (length <= 0 || index >= size) {
            return "";
        }
        if (size <= index + length) {
            return new String(buffer, index, size - index);
        } else {
            return new String(buffer, index, length);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Minimizes the capacity to the actual length of the string.
     * 
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler minimizeCapacity() {
        if (buffer.length > length()) {
            char[] old = buffer;
            buffer = new char[length()];
            System.arraycopy(old, 0, buffer, 0, size);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Replaces a portion of the string builder with another string.
     * The length of the inserted string does not have to match the removed
     * length.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index, exclusive, must be valid except
     *            that if too large it is treated as end of string
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the string to replace with, null means delete range
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler replace(int startIndex, int endIndex, String replaceStr) {
        endIndex = validateRange(startIndex, endIndex);
        int insertLen = (replaceStr == null ? 0 : replaceStr.length());
        replaceImpl(startIndex, endIndex, endIndex - startIndex, replaceStr, insertLen);
        return this;
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Advanced search and replaces within the builder using a matcher.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced behaviour. For example you could
     * write a matcher to delete all occurances where the character 'a' is
     * followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use to find the deletion, null causes no action
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the string to replace the match with, null is a delete
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index, exclusive, must be valid except
     *            that if too large it is treated as end of string
     * @param replaceCount
     *            the number of times to replace, -1 for replace all
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if start index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler replace(StrMatcher matcher, String replaceStr, int startIndex, int endIndex,
            int replaceCount) {
        endIndex = validateRange(startIndex, endIndex);
        return replaceImpl(matcher, replaceStr, startIndex, endIndex, replaceCount);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Replaces the search character with the replace character
     * throughout the builder.
     * 
     * @param search
     *            the search character
     * @param replace
     *            the replace character
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler replaceAll(char search, char replace) {
        if (search != replace) {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                if (buffer[i] == search) {
                    buffer[i] = replace;
                }
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Replaces the search string with the replace string throughout the
     * builder.
     * 
     * @param searchStr
     *            the search string, null causes no action to occur
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the replace string, null is equivalent to an empty string
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler replaceAll(String searchStr, String replaceStr) {
        int searchLen = (searchStr == null ? 0 : searchStr.length());
        if (searchLen > 0) {
            int replaceLen = (replaceStr == null ? 0 : replaceStr.length());
            int index = indexOf(searchStr, 0);
            while (index >= 0) {
                replaceImpl(index, index + searchLen, searchLen, replaceStr, replaceLen);
                index = indexOf(searchStr, index + replaceLen);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Replaces all matches within the builder with the replace string.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced replace behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to replace all occurances where the character
     * 'a' is followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use to find the deletion, null causes no action
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the replace string, null is equivalent to an empty string
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler replaceAll(StrMatcher matcher, String replaceStr) {
        return replace(matcher, replaceStr, 0, size, -1);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the first instance of the search character with the
     * replace character in the builder.
     * 
     * @param search
     *            the search character
     * @param replace
     *            the replace character
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler replaceFirst(char search, char replace) {
        if (search != replace) {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                if (buffer[i] == search) {
                    buffer[i] = replace;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the first instance of the search string with the replace string.
     * 
     * @param searchStr
     *            the search string, null causes no action to occur
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the replace string, null is equivalent to an empty string
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler replaceFirst(String searchStr, String replaceStr) {
        int searchLen = (searchStr == null ? 0 : searchStr.length());
        if (searchLen > 0) {
            int index = indexOf(searchStr, 0);
            if (index >= 0) {
                int replaceLen = (replaceStr == null ? 0 : replaceStr.length());
                replaceImpl(index, index + searchLen, searchLen, replaceStr, replaceLen);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the first match within the builder with the replace string.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced replace behaviour. For example
     * you could write a matcher to replace where the character 'a' is followed
     * by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use to find the deletion, null causes no action
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the replace string, null is equivalent to an empty string
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler replaceFirst(StrMatcher matcher, String replaceStr) {
        return replace(matcher, replaceStr, 0, size, 1);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Reverses the string builder placing each character in the opposite index.
     * 
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler reverse() {
        if (size == 0) {
            return this;
        }

        int half = size / 2;
        char[] buf = buffer;
        for (int leftIdx = 0, rightIdx = size - 1; leftIdx < half; leftIdx++, rightIdx--) {
            char swap = buf[leftIdx];
            buf[leftIdx] = buf[rightIdx];
            buf[rightIdx] = swap;
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the rightmost characters from the string builder without
     * throwing an exception.
     * <p>
     * This method extracts the right <code>length</code> characters from the
     * builder. If this many characters are not available, the whole builder is
     * returned. Thus the returned string may be shorter than the length
     * requested.
     * 
     * @param length
     *            the number of characters to extract, negative returns empty
     *            string
     * @return the new string
     */
    public String rightString(int length) {
        if (length <= 0) {
            return "";
        } else if (length >= size) {
            return new String(buffer, 0, size);
        } else {
            return new String(buffer, size - length, length);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the character at the specified index.
     * 
     * @see #charAt(int)
     * @see #deleteCharAt(int)
     * @param index
     *            the index to set
     * @param ch
     *            the new character
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public StringCompiler setCharAt(int index, char ch) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= length()) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        buffer[index] = ch;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Updates the length of the builder by either dropping the last characters
     * or adding filler of Unicode zero.
     * 
     * @param length
     *            the length to set to, must be zero or positive
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the length is negative
     */
    public StringCompiler setLength(int length) {
        if (length < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(length);
        }
        if (length < size) {
            size = length;
        } else if (length > size) {
            ensureCapacity(length);
            int oldEnd = size;
            int newEnd = length;
            size = length;
            for (int i = oldEnd; i < newEnd; i++) {
                buffer[i] = '\0';
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the text to be appended when a new line is added.
     * 
     * @param newLine
     *            the new line text, null means use system default
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler setNewLineText(String newLine) {
        this.newLine = newLine;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the text to be appended when null is added.
     * 
     * @param nullText
     *            the null text, null means no append
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler setNullText(String nullText) {
        if (nullText != null && nullText.length() == 0) {
            nullText = null;
        }
        this.nullText = nullText;
        return this;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the length of the string builder.
     * <p>
     * This method is the same as {@link #length()} and is provided to match the
     * API of Collections.
     * 
     * @return the length
     */
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks whether this builder starts with the specified string.
     * <p>
     * Note that this method handles null input quietly, unlike String.
     * 
     * @param str
     *            the string to search for, null returns false
     * @return true if the builder starts with the string
     */
    public boolean startsWith(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return false;
        }
        int len = str.length();
        if (len == 0) {
            return true;
        }
        if (len > size) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (buffer[i] != str.charAt(i)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * 
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public CharSequence subSequence(int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        if (startIndex < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(startIndex);
        }
        if (endIndex > size) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
        }
        if (startIndex > endIndex) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex - startIndex);
        }
        return substring(startIndex, endIndex);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts a portion of this string builder as a string.
     * 
     * @param start
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @return the new string
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public String substring(int start) {
        return substring(start, size);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts a portion of this string builder as a string.
     * <p>
     * Note: This method treats an endIndex greater than the length of the
     * builder as equal to the length of the builder, and continues without
     * error, unlike StringBuffer or String.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index, exclusive, must be valid except
     *            that if too large it is treated as end of string
     * @return the new string
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    public String substring(int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        endIndex = validateRange(startIndex, endIndex);
        return new String(buffer, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Copies the builder's character array into a new character array.
     * 
     * @return a new array that represents the contents of the builder
     */
    public char[] toCharArray() {
        if (size == 0) {
            return EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY;
        }
        char chars[] = new char[size];
        System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, chars, 0, size);
        return chars;
    }

    /**
     * Copies part of the builder's character array into a new character array.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index, exclusive, must be valid except that
     *            if too large it is treated as end of string
     * @return a new array that holds part of the contents of the builder
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if startIndex is invalid,
     *             or if endIndex is invalid (but endIndex greater than size is
     *             valid)
     */
    public char[] toCharArray(int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        endIndex = validateRange(startIndex, endIndex);
        int len = endIndex - startIndex;
        if (len == 0) {
            return EMPTY_CHAR_ARRAY;
        }
        char chars[] = new char[len];
        System.arraycopy(buffer, startIndex, chars, 0, len);
        return chars;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets a String version of the string builder, creating a new instance
     * each time the method is called.
     * <p>
     * Note that unlike StringBuffer, the string version returned is independent
     * of the string builder.
     * 
     * @return the builder as a String
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new String(buffer, 0, size);
    }

    /**
     * Gets a StringBuffer version of the string builder, creating a
     * new instance each time the method is called.
     * 
     * @return the builder as a StringBuffer
     */
    public StringBuffer toStringBuffer() {
        return new StringBuffer(size).append(buffer, 0, size);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Trims the builder by removing characters less than or equal to a space
     * from the beginning and end.
     * 
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     */
    public StringCompiler trim() {
        if (size == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        int len = size;
        char[] buf = buffer;
        int pos = 0;
        while (pos < len && buf[pos] <= ' ') {
            pos++;
        }
        while (pos < len && buf[len - 1] <= ' ') {
            len--;
        }
        if (len < size) {
            delete(len, size);
        }
        if (pos > 0) {
            delete(0, pos);
        }
        return this;
    }

    public boolean canFill() {
        return length > 0 && fill != NUL;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Internal method to delete a range without validation.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index (exclusive), must be valid
     * @param len
     *            the length, must be valid
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if any index is invalid
     */
    private void deleteImpl(int startIndex, int endIndex, int len) {
        System.arraycopy(buffer, endIndex, buffer, startIndex, size - endIndex);
        size -= len;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Internal method to delete a range without validation.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index (exclusive), must be valid
     * @param removeLen
     *            the length to remove (endIndex - startIndex), must be valid
     * @param insertStr
     *            the string to replace with, null means delete range
     * @param insertLen
     *            the length of the insert string, must be valid
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if any index is invalid
     */
    private void replaceImpl(int startIndex, int endIndex, int removeLen, String insertStr, int insertLen) {
        int newSize = size - removeLen + insertLen;
        if (insertLen != removeLen) {
            ensureCapacity(newSize);
            System.arraycopy(buffer, endIndex, buffer, startIndex + insertLen, size - endIndex);
            size = newSize;
        }
        if (insertLen > 0) {
            insertStr.getChars(0, insertLen, buffer, startIndex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Replaces within the builder using a matcher.
     * <p>
     * Matchers can be used to perform advanced behaviour. For example you could
     * write a matcher to delete all occurances where the character 'a' is
     * followed by a number.
     * 
     * @param matcher
     *            the matcher to use to find the deletion, null causes no action
     * @param replaceStr
     *            the string to replace the match with, null is a delete
     * @param from
     *            the start index, must be valid
     * @param to
     *            the end index (exclusive), must be valid
     * @param replaceCount
     *            the number of times to replace, -1 for replace all
     * @return this, to enable chaining
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if any index is invalid
     */
    private StringCompiler replaceImpl(StrMatcher matcher, String replaceStr, int from, int to, int replaceCount) {
        if (matcher == null || size == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        int replaceLen = (replaceStr == null ? 0 : replaceStr.length());
        char[] buf = buffer;
        for (int i = from; i < to && replaceCount != 0; i++) {
            int removeLen = matcher.isMatch(buf, i, from, to);
            if (removeLen > 0) {
                replaceImpl(i, i + removeLen, removeLen, replaceStr, replaceLen);
                to = to - removeLen + replaceLen;
                i = i + replaceLen - 1;
                if (replaceCount > 0) {
                    replaceCount--;
                }
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Validates parameters defining a single index in the builder.
     * 
     * @param index
     *            the index, must be valid
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    protected void validateIndex(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Validates parameters defining a range of the builder.
     * 
     * @param startIndex
     *            the start index, inclusive, must be valid
     * @param endIndex
     *            the end index, exclusive, must be valid except
     *            that if too large it is treated as end of string
     * @return the new string
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if the index is invalid
     */
    protected int validateRange(int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        if (startIndex < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(startIndex);
        }
        if (endIndex > size) {
            endIndex = size;
        }
        if (startIndex > endIndex) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("end < start");
        }
        return endIndex;
    }
}