Java tutorial
/* * This file is part of Flow Network, licensed under the MIT License (MIT). * * Copyright (c) 2013 Flow Powered <https://flowpowered.com/> * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN * THE SOFTWARE. */ package com.flowpowered.network.util; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; /** * A class containing various utility methods that act on byte buffers. */ public class ByteBufUtils { /** * Reads an UTF8 string from a byte buffer. * * @param buf The byte buffer to read from * @return The read string * @throws java.io.IOException If the reading fails */ public static String readUTF8(ByteBuf buf) throws IOException { // Read the string's length final int len = readVarInt(buf); final byte[] bytes = new byte[len]; buf.readBytes(bytes); return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } /** * Writes an UTF8 string to a byte buffer. * * @param buf The byte buffer to write too * @param value The string to write * @throws java.io.IOException If the writing fails */ public static void writeUTF8(ByteBuf buf, String value) throws IOException { final byte[] bytes = value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); if (bytes.length >= Short.MAX_VALUE) { throw new IOException( "Attempt to write a string with a length greater than Short.MAX_VALUE to ByteBuf!"); } // Write the string's length writeVarInt(buf, bytes.length); buf.writeBytes(bytes); } /** * Reads an integer written into the byte buffer as one of various bit sizes. * * @param buf The byte buffer to read from * @return The read integer * @throws java.io.IOException If the reading fails */ public static int readVarInt(ByteBuf buf) throws IOException { int out = 0; int bytes = 0; byte in; while (true) { in = buf.readByte(); out |= (in & 0x7F) << (bytes++ * 7); if (bytes > 5) { throw new IOException("Attempt to read int bigger than allowed for a varint!"); } if ((in & 0x80) != 0x80) { break; } } return out; } /** * Writes an integer into the byte buffer using the least possible amount of bits. * * @param buf The byte buffer to write too * @param value The integer value to write */ public static void writeVarInt(ByteBuf buf, int value) { byte part; while (true) { part = (byte) (value & 0x7F); value >>>= 7; if (value != 0) { part |= 0x80; } buf.writeByte(part); if (value == 0) { break; } } } /** * Reads an integer written into the byte buffer as one of various bit sizes. * * @param buf The byte buffer to read from * @return The read integer * @throws java.io.IOException If the reading fails */ public static long readVarLong(ByteBuf buf) throws IOException { long out = 0; int bytes = 0; byte in; while (true) { in = buf.readByte(); out |= (in & 0x7F) << (bytes++ * 7); if (bytes > 10) { throw new IOException("Attempt to read long bigger than allowed for a varlong!"); } if ((in & 0x80) != 0x80) { break; } } return out; } /** * Writes an integer into the byte buffer using the least possible amount of bits. * * @param buf The byte buffer to write too * @param value The long value to write */ public static void writeVarLong(ByteBuf buf, long value) { byte part; while (true) { part = (byte) (value & 0x7F); value >>>= 7; if (value != 0) { part |= 0x80; } buf.writeByte(part); if (value == 0) { break; } } } }