Java tutorial
package com.alecgorge.minecraft.jsonapi; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.URLDecoder; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.StringTokenizer; import java.util.TimeZone; import javax.net.ServerSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocketFactory; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import com.alecgorge.minecraft.jsonapi.packets.Lambda; import com.alecgorge.minecraft.jsonapi.streams.StreamingResponse; /** * A simple, tiny, nicely embeddable HTTP 1.0 server in Java * * <p> * NanoHTTPD version 1.14, Copyright © 2001,2005-2010 Jarno Elonen * (elonen@iki.fi, http://iki.fi/elonen/) * * <p> * <b>Features + limitations: </b> * <ul> * * <li>Only one Java file</li> * <li>Java 1.1 compatible</li> * <li>Released as open source, Modified BSD licence</li> * <li>No fixed config files, logging, authorization etc. (Implement yourself if * you need them.)</li> * <li>Supports parameter parsing of GET and POST methods</li> * <li>Supports both dynamic content and file serving</li> * <li>Never caches anything</li> * <li>Doesn't limit bandwidth, request time or simultaneous connections</li> * <li>Default code serves files and shows all HTTP parameters and headers</li> * <li>File server supports directory listing, index.html and index.htm</li> * <li>File server does the 301 redirection trick for directories without '/'</li> * <li>File server supports simple skipping for files (continue download)</li> * <li>File server uses current directory as a web root</li> * <li>File server serves also very long files without memory overhead</li> * <li>Contains a built-in list of most common mime types</li> * <li>All header names are converted lowercase so they don't vary between * browsers/clients</li> * * </ul> * * <p> * <b>Ways to use: </b> * <ul> * * <li>Run as a standalone app, serves files from current directory and shows * requests</li> * <li>Subclass serve() and embed to your own program</li> * <li>Call serveFile() from serve() with your own base directory</li> * * </ul> * * See the end of the source file for distribution license (Modified BSD * licence) */ public class NanoHTTPD { /** * Decodes the percent encoding scheme. <br/> * For example: "an+example%20string" -> "an example string" */ public static String decodePercent(String str) { try { return URLDecoder.decode(str, "UTF-8"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } /** * Decodes parameters in percent-encoded URI-format ( e.g. * "name=Jack%20Daniels&pass=Single%20Malt" ) and adds them to given * Properties. NOTE: this doesn't support multiple identical keys due to the * simplicity of Properties -- if you need multiples, you might want to * replace the Properties with a Hastable of Vectors or such. */ public static void decodeParms(String parms, Properties p) { if (parms == null) return; StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(parms, "&"); while (st.hasMoreTokens()) { String e = st.nextToken(); int sep = e.indexOf('='); if (sep >= 0) p.put(decodePercent(e.substring(0, sep)).trim(), decodePercent(e.substring(sep + 1))); } } // ================================================== // API parts // ================================================== /** * Override this to customize the server. * <p> * * (By default, this delegates to serveFile() and allows directory listing.) * * @parm uri Percent-decoded URI without parameters, for example * "/index.cgi" * @parm method "GET", "POST" etc. * @parm parms Parsed, percent decoded parameters from URI and, in case of * POST, data. * @parm header Header entries, percent decoded * @return HTTP response, see class Response for details */ public Response serve(String uri, String method, Properties header, Properties parms) { System.out.println(method + " '" + uri + "' "); Enumeration<?> e = header.propertyNames(); while (e.hasMoreElements()) { String value = (String) e.nextElement(); System.out.println(" HDR: '" + value + "' = '" + header.getProperty(value) + "'"); } e = parms.propertyNames(); while (e.hasMoreElements()) { String value = (String) e.nextElement(); System.out.println(" PRM: '" + value + "' = '" + parms.getProperty(value) + "'"); } return serveFile(uri, header, new File("."), true); } /** * HTTP response. Return one of these from serve(). */ public class Response { /** * Default constructor: response = HTTP_OK, data = mime = 'null' */ public Response() { this.status = HTTP_OK; } /** * Basic constructor. */ public Response(String status, String mimeType, InputStream data) { this.status = status; this.mimeType = mimeType; this.data = data; } /** * Convenience method that makes an InputStream out of given text. */ public Response(String status, String mimeType, String txt) { this.status = status; this.mimeType = mimeType; this.bytes = txt.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")); } public Response(String status, String mimeType, byte[] bytes) { this.status = status; this.mimeType = mimeType; this.bytes = bytes; } /** * Adds given line to the header. */ public void addHeader(String name, String value) { header.put(name, value); } /** * HTTP status code after processing, e.g. "200 OK", HTTP_OK */ public String status; /** * MIME type of content, e.g. "text/html" */ public String mimeType; /** * Data of the response, may be null. */ public InputStream data; /** * Headers for the HTTP response. Use addHeader() to add lines. */ public Properties header = new Properties(); public byte[] bytes; } /** * Some HTTP response status codes */ public static final String HTTP_OK = "200 OK", HTTP_REDIRECT = "301 Moved Permanently", HTTP_FORBIDDEN = "403 Forbidden", HTTP_NOTFOUND = "404 Not Found", HTTP_BADREQUEST = "400 Bad Request", HTTP_INTERNALERROR = "500 Internal Server Error", HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED = "401 Authorization Required", HTTP_NOTIMPLEMENTED = "501 Not Implemented"; /** * Common mime types for dynamic content */ public static final String MIME_PLAINTEXT = "text/plain", MIME_HTML = "text/html", MIME_DEFAULT_BINARY = "application/octet-stream", MIME_JSON = "application/json"; // ================================================== // Socket & server code // ================================================== /** * Starts a HTTP server to given port. * <p> * Throws an IOException if the socket is already in use */ public NanoHTTPD(int port, boolean ssl, InetAddress bindAddress) throws IOException { myTcpPort = port; if (ssl) { ServerSocketFactory ssocketFactory = SSLServerSocketFactory.getDefault(); myServerSocket = ssocketFactory.createServerSocket(port); } else { if (bindAddress != null) { myServerSocket = new ServerSocket(myTcpPort, /* default value */-1, bindAddress); } else { myServerSocket = new ServerSocket(myTcpPort); } } myThread = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { while (true) new HTTPSession(myServerSocket.accept()); } catch (IOException ioe) { } } }); myThread.setDaemon(true); myThread.start(); } public NanoHTTPD(int port) throws IOException { this(port, false, null); } public NanoHTTPD(int port, InetAddress bindAddress) throws IOException { this(port, false, bindAddress); } /** * Stops the server. */ public void stop() { try { myServerSocket.close(); myThread.join(); } catch (IOException ioe) { } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } /** * Starts as a standalone file server and waits for Enter. * * public static void main( String[] args ) { System.out.println( * "NanoHTTPD 1.14 (C) 2001,2005-2010 Jarno Elonen\n" + * "(Command line options: [port] [--licence])\n" ); * * // Show licence if requested int lopt = -1; for ( int i=0; i<args.length; * ++i ) if ( args[i].toLowerCase().endsWith( "licence" )) { lopt = i; * System.out.println( LICENCE + "\n" ); } * * // Change port if requested int port = 80; if ( args.length > 0 && lopt * != 0 ) port = Integer.parseInt( args[0] ); * * if ( args.length > 1 && args[1].toLowerCase().endsWith( "licence" )) * System.out.println( LICENCE + "\n" ); * * NanoHTTPD nh = null; try { nh = new NanoHTTPD( port ); } catch( * IOException ioe ) { System.err.println( "Couldn't start server:\n" + ioe * ); System.exit( -1 ); } nh.myFileDir = new File(""); * * System.out.println( "Now serving files in port " + port + " from \"" + * new File("").getAbsolutePath() + "\"" ); System.out.println( * "Hit Enter to stop.\n" ); * * try { System.in.read(); } catch( Throwable t ) {}; } * * /** Handles one session, i.e. parses the HTTP request and returns the * response. */ public class HTTPSession implements Runnable { public HTTPSession(Socket s) { mySocket = s; try { this.in = s.getInputStream(); this.out = s.getOutputStream(); this.addr = s.getInetAddress(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Thread t = new Thread(this); t.setDaemon(true); t.start(); } private InputStream in; private OutputStream out; private InetAddress addr; private Lambda<Void, OutputStream> callback = null; public boolean closeOnCompletion = false; public HTTPSession(InputStream in, OutputStream s, InetAddress a, Lambda<Void, OutputStream> callback) { this.in = in; this.out = s; this.addr = a; this.callback = callback; Thread t = new Thread(this); t.setDaemon(true); t.start(); } public void run() { try { BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.in)); // Read the request line String inLine = in.readLine(); if (inLine == null) return; StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(inLine); if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) sendError(HTTP_BADREQUEST, "BAD REQUEST: Syntax error. Usage: GET /example/file.html"); String method = st.nextToken(); if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) sendError(HTTP_BADREQUEST, "BAD REQUEST: Missing URI. Usage: GET /example/file.html"); String uri = st.nextToken(); // Decode parameters from the URI Properties parms = new Properties(); int qmi = uri.indexOf('?'); if (qmi >= 0) { decodeParms(uri.substring(qmi + 1), parms); uri = decodePercent(uri.substring(0, qmi)); } else uri = decodePercent(uri); // If there's another token, it's protocol version, // followed by HTTP headers. Ignore version but parse headers. // NOTE: this now forces header names uppercase since they are // case insensitive and vary by client. Properties header = new Properties(); if (st.hasMoreTokens()) { String line = in.readLine(); while (line != null && line.trim().length() > 0) { int p = line.indexOf(':'); header.put(line.substring(0, p < 0 ? 0 : p).trim().toLowerCase(), line.substring(p + 1).trim()); line = in.readLine(); } } header.put("X-REMOTE-ADDR", addr.getHostAddress()); // If the method is POST, there may be parameters // in data section, too, read it: if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("POST")) { long size = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFl; String contentLength = header.getProperty("content-length"); if (contentLength != null) { try { size = Integer.parseInt(contentLength); } catch (NumberFormatException ex) { } } StringBuffer postLine = new StringBuffer(); char buf[] = new char[512]; int read = in.read(buf); String contentType = header.getProperty("content-type"); if (contentType != null && !contentType.equals("x-www-form-urlencoded")) { parms = new Properties(); while (read >= 0 && size > 0) { size -= read; postLine.append(String.valueOf(buf, 0, read)); if (size > 0) read = in.read(buf); } parms.put("json", postLine); } else { while (read >= 0 && size > 0 && !postLine.toString().endsWith("\r\n")) { size -= read; postLine.append(String.valueOf(buf, 0, read)); if (size > 0) read = in.read(buf); } decodeParms(postLine.toString().trim(), parms); } } // Ok, now do the serve() Response r = serve(uri, method, header, parms); if (r == null) sendError(HTTP_INTERNALERROR, "SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: Serve() returned a null response."); else sendResponse(r.status, r.mimeType, r.header, r.data, r.bytes); in.close(); if (callback != null) { callback.execute(this.out); } } catch (IOException ioe) { try { sendError(HTTP_INTERNALERROR, "SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: " + ioe.getMessage()); } catch (Throwable t) { } } catch (InterruptedException ie) { // Thrown by sendError, ignore and exit the thread. } } /** * Decodes the percent encoding scheme. <br/> * For example: "an+example%20string" -> "an example string" */ public String decodePercent(String str) throws InterruptedException { try { return URLDecoder.decode(str.replace("+", "%2B"), "UTF-8").replace("%2B", "+"); } catch (Exception e) { sendError(HTTP_BADREQUEST, "BAD REQUEST: Bad percent-encoding."); return null; } } /** * Decodes parameters in percent-encoded URI-format ( e.g. * "name=Jack%20Daniels&pass=Single%20Malt" ) and adds them to given * Properties. NOTE: this doesn't support multiple identical keys due to * the simplicity of Properties -- if you need multiples, you might want * to replace the Properties with a Hastable of Vectors or such. */ public void decodeParms(String parms, Properties p) throws InterruptedException { if (parms == null) return; StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(parms, "&"); while (st.hasMoreTokens()) { String e = st.nextToken(); int sep = e.indexOf('='); if (sep >= 0) p.put(decodePercent(e.substring(0, sep)).trim(), decodePercent(e.substring(sep + 1))); } } /** * Returns an error message as a HTTP response and throws * InterruptedException to stop furhter request processing. */ private void sendError(String status, String msg) throws InterruptedException { sendResponse(status, MIME_PLAINTEXT, null, null, msg.getBytes()); throw new InterruptedException(); } /** * Sends given response to the socket. */ private void sendResponse(String status, String mime, Properties header, InputStream data, byte[] bytes) { try { if (status == null) throw new Error("sendResponse(): Status can't be null."); if (mySocket != null) { mySocket.setTcpNoDelay(true); } PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out); pw.print("HTTP/1.0 " + status + " \r\n"); if (mime != null) pw.print("Content-Type: " + mime + "\r\n"); if (header == null || header.getProperty("Date") == null) pw.print("Date: " + gmtFrmt.format(new Date()) + "\r\n"); if (header != null) { Enumeration<Object> e = header.keys(); while (e.hasMoreElements()) { String key = (String) e.nextElement(); String value = header.getProperty(key); pw.print(key + ": " + value + "\r\n"); } } pw.print("\r\n"); pw.flush(); if (data instanceof StreamingResponse) { final DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream(out); final StreamingResponse s = (StreamingResponse) data; String line = ""; boolean doContinue = true; while (doContinue && (line = s.nextLine()) != null) { try { if (mySocket == null || (mySocket.isConnected() && !mySocket.isClosed())) { output.write((line.trim() + "\r\n").getBytes("UTF-8")); // fuck java: output.writeUTF(line+"\r\n"); } else { doContinue = false; } } catch (IOException e) { doContinue = false; if (mySocket != null) { mySocket.close(); } out.close(); if (data != null) { data.close(); } } } } else if (data != null) { IOUtils.copy(data, out); out.flush(); } else if (bytes != null) { out.write(bytes); out.flush(); } // out.flush(); out.close(); if (data != null) data.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { // Couldn't write? No can do. try { if (mySocket != null) { mySocket.close(); } } catch (Throwable t) { } } } private Socket mySocket = null; }; /** * URL-encodes everything between "/"-characters. Encodes spaces as '%20' * instead of '+'. */ private String encodeUri(String uri) { StringBuffer newUri = new StringBuffer(); StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(uri, "/ ", true); while (st.hasMoreTokens()) { String tok = st.nextToken(); if (tok.equals("/")) newUri.append("/"); else if (tok.equals(" ")) newUri.append("%20"); else { // newUri += URLEncoder.encode( tok ); // For Java 1.4 you'll want to use this instead: try { newUri.append(URLEncoder.encode(tok, "UTF-8")); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee) { uee.printStackTrace(); } ; } } return newUri.toString(); } private int myTcpPort; private final ServerSocket myServerSocket; private Thread myThread; File myFileDir; // ================================================== // File server code // ================================================== /** * Serves file from homeDir and its' subdirectories (only). Uses only URI, * ignores all headers and HTTP parameters. */ public Response serveFile(String uri, Properties header, File homeDir, boolean allowDirectoryListing) { // Make sure we won't die of an exception later if (!homeDir.isDirectory()) return new Response(HTTP_INTERNALERROR, MIME_PLAINTEXT, "INTERNAL ERRROR: serveFile(): given homeDir is not a directory."); // Remove URL arguments uri = uri.trim().replace(File.separatorChar, '/'); if (uri.indexOf('?') >= 0) uri = uri.substring(0, uri.indexOf('?')); // Prohibit getting out of current directory if (uri.startsWith("..") || uri.endsWith("..") || uri.indexOf("../") >= 0) return new Response(HTTP_FORBIDDEN, MIME_PLAINTEXT, "FORBIDDEN: Won't serve ../ for security reasons."); File f = new File(homeDir, uri); if (!f.exists()) return new Response(HTTP_NOTFOUND, MIME_PLAINTEXT, "Error 404, file not found."); // List the directory, if necessary if (f.isDirectory()) { // Browsers get confused without '/' after the // directory, send a redirect. if (!uri.endsWith("/")) { uri += "/"; Response r = new Response(HTTP_REDIRECT, MIME_HTML, "<html><body>Redirected: <a href=\"" + uri + "\">" + uri + "</a></body></html>"); r.addHeader("Location", uri); return r; } // First try index.html and index.htm if (new File(f, "index.html").exists()) f = new File(homeDir, uri + "/index.html"); else if (new File(f, "index.htm").exists()) f = new File(homeDir, uri + "/index.htm"); // No index file, list the directory else if (allowDirectoryListing) { String[] files = f.list(); String msg = "<html><body><h1>Directory " + uri + "</h1><br/>"; if (uri.length() > 1) { String u = uri.substring(0, uri.length() - 1); int slash = u.lastIndexOf('/'); if (slash >= 0 && slash < u.length()) msg += "<b><a href=\"" + uri.substring(0, slash + 1) + "\">..</a></b><br/>"; } for (int i = 0; i < files.length; ++i) { File curFile = new File(f, files[i]); boolean dir = curFile.isDirectory(); if (dir) { msg += "<b>"; files[i] += "/"; } msg += "<a href=\"" + encodeUri(uri + files[i]) + "\">" + files[i] + "</a>"; // Show file size if (curFile.isFile()) { long len = curFile.length(); msg += " <font size=2>("; if (len < 1024) msg += curFile.length() + " bytes"; else if (len < 1024 * 1024) msg += curFile.length() / 1024 + "." + (curFile.length() % 1024 / 10 % 100) + " KB"; else msg += curFile.length() / (1024 * 1024) + "." + curFile.length() % (1024 * 1024) / 10 % 100 + " MB"; msg += ")</font>"; } msg += "<br/>"; if (dir) msg += "</b>"; } return new Response(HTTP_OK, MIME_HTML, msg); } else { return new Response(HTTP_FORBIDDEN, MIME_PLAINTEXT, "FORBIDDEN: No directory listing."); } } try { // Get MIME type from file name extension, if possible String mime = null; int dot = f.getCanonicalPath().lastIndexOf('.'); if (dot >= 0) mime = (String) theMimeTypes.get(f.getCanonicalPath().substring(dot + 1).toLowerCase()); if (mime == null) mime = MIME_DEFAULT_BINARY; // Support (simple) skipping: long startFrom = 0; String range = header.getProperty("range"); if (range != null) { if (range.startsWith("bytes=")) { range = range.substring("bytes=".length()); int minus = range.indexOf('-'); if (minus > 0) range = range.substring(0, minus); try { startFrom = Long.parseLong(range); } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { } } } FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f); fis.skip(startFrom); Response r = new Response(HTTP_OK, mime, fis); r.addHeader("Content-length", "" + (f.length() - startFrom)); r.addHeader("Content-range", "" + startFrom + "-" + (f.length() - 1) + "/" + f.length()); return r; } catch (IOException ioe) { return new Response(HTTP_FORBIDDEN, MIME_PLAINTEXT, "FORBIDDEN: Reading file failed."); } } /** * Hashtable mapping (String)FILENAME_EXTENSION -> (String)MIME_TYPE */ private static Hashtable<String, String> theMimeTypes = new Hashtable<String, String>(); static { StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("htm text/html " + "html text/html " + "txt text/plain " + "asc text/plain " + "gif image/gif " + "jpg image/jpeg " + "jpeg image/jpeg " + "png image/png " + "mp3 audio/mpeg " + "m3u audio/mpeg-url " + "pdf application/pdf " + "json application/json " + "doc application/msword " + "ogg application/x-ogg " + "zip application/octet-stream " + "exe application/octet-stream " + "class application/octet-stream "); while (st.hasMoreTokens()) theMimeTypes.put(st.nextToken(), st.nextToken()); } /** * GMT date formatter */ private static java.text.SimpleDateFormat gmtFrmt; static { gmtFrmt = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("E, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'", Locale.US); gmtFrmt.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT")); } /** * The distribution licence */ @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static final String LICENCE = "Copyright (C) 2001,2005-2010 by Jarno Elonen <elonen@iki.fi>\n" + "\n" + "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" + "modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" + "are met:\n" + "\n" + "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n" + "this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. Redistributions in\n" + "binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of\n" + "conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other\n" + "materials provided with the distribution. The name of the author may not\n" + "be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n" + "specific prior written permission. \n" + " \n" + "THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR\n" + "IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES\n" + "OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.\n" + "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,\n" + "INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT\n" + "NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n" + "DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n" + "THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n" + "(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n" + "OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."; }