Java tutorial
/* * Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, http://www.darwinsys.com/, 1996-2002. * All rights reserved. Software written by Ian F. Darwin and others. * $Id: LICENSE,v 1.8 2004/02/09 03:33:38 ian Exp $ * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * Java, the Duke mascot, and all variants of Sun's Java "steaming coffee * cup" logo are trademarks of Sun Microsystems. Sun's, and James Gosling's, * pioneering role in inventing and promulgating (and standardizing) the Java * language and environment is gratefully acknowledged. * * The pioneering role of Dennis Ritchie and Bjarne Stroustrup, of AT&T, for * inventing predecessor languages C and C++ is also gratefully acknowledged. */ import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.ItemEvent; import java.awt.event.ItemListener; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.HashMap; import javax.comm.CommPort; import javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier; import javax.comm.NoSuchPortException; import javax.comm.ParallelPort; import javax.comm.PortInUseException; import javax.comm.SerialPort; import javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JComboBox; import javax.swing.JDialog; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JPanel; /** * This program tries to do I/O in each direction using a separate Thread. * * @author Ian F. Darwin, http://www.darwinsys.com/ */ public class CommPortThreaded extends CommPortOpen { public static void main(String[] ap) throws IOException, NoSuchPortException, PortInUseException, UnsupportedCommOperationException { CommPortThreaded cp; try { cp = new CommPortThreaded(); cp.converse(); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("You lose!"); System.err.println(e); } } public CommPortThreaded() throws IOException, NoSuchPortException, PortInUseException, UnsupportedCommOperationException { super(null); } /** * This version of converse() just starts a Thread in each direction. */ protected void converse() throws IOException { String resp; // the modem response. new DataThread(is, System.out).start(); new DataThread(new DataInputStream(System.in), os).start(); } /** This inner class handles one side of a conversation. */ class DataThread extends Thread { BufferedReader inStream; PrintStream pStream; /** Construct this object */ DataThread(InputStream is, PrintStream os) { inStream = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); pStream = os; } DataThread(BufferedReader is, PrintStream os) { inStream = is; pStream = os; } /** A Thread's run method does the work. */ public void run() { byte ch = 0; try { while ((ch = (byte) inStream.read()) != -1) pStream.print((char) ch); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Input or output error: " + e); return; } } } } /** * Open a serial port using Java Communications. * * @author Ian F. Darwin, http://www.darwinsys.com/ */ class CommPortOpen { /** How long to wait for the open to finish up. */ public static final int TIMEOUTSECONDS = 30; /** The baud rate to use. */ public static final int BAUD = 19200; /** The parent JFrame, for the chooser. */ protected JFrame parent; /** The input stream */ protected BufferedReader is; /** The output stream */ protected PrintStream os; /** The chosen Port Identifier */ CommPortIdentifier thePortID; /** The chosen Port itself */ CommPort thePort; public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException, NoSuchPortException, PortInUseException, UnsupportedCommOperationException { new CommPortOpen(null).converse(); System.exit(0); } /* Constructor */ public CommPortOpen(JFrame f) throws IOException, NoSuchPortException, PortInUseException, UnsupportedCommOperationException { // Use the PortChooser from before. Pop up the JDialog. PortChooser chooser = new PortChooser(null); String portName = null; do { chooser.setVisible(true); // Dialog done. Get the port name. portName = chooser.getSelectedName(); if (portName == null) System.out.println("No port selected. Try again.\n"); } while (portName == null); // Get the CommPortIdentifier. thePortID = chooser.getSelectedIdentifier(); // Now actually open the port. // This form of openPort takes an Application Name and a timeout. // System.out.println("Trying to open " + thePortID.getName() + "..."); switch (thePortID.getPortType()) { case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL: thePort = thePortID.open("DarwinSys DataComm", TIMEOUTSECONDS * 1000); SerialPort myPort = (SerialPort) thePort; // set up the serial port myPort.setSerialPortParams(BAUD, SerialPort.DATABITS_8, SerialPort.STOPBITS_1, SerialPort.PARITY_NONE); break; case CommPortIdentifier.PORT_PARALLEL: thePort = thePortID.open("DarwinSys Printing", TIMEOUTSECONDS * 1000); ParallelPort pPort = (ParallelPort) thePort; // Tell API to pick "best available mode" - can fail! // myPort.setMode(ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_ANY); // Print what the mode is int mode = pPort.getMode(); switch (mode) { case ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_ECP: System.out.println("Mode is: ECP"); break; case ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_EPP: System.out.println("Mode is: EPP"); break; case ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_NIBBLE: System.out.println("Mode is: Nibble Mode."); break; case ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_PS2: System.out.println("Mode is: Byte mode."); break; case ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_SPP: System.out.println("Mode is: Compatibility mode."); break; // ParallelPort.LPT_MODE_ANY is a "set only" mode; // tells the API to pick "best mode"; will report the // actual mode it selected. default: throw new IllegalStateException("Parallel mode " + mode + " invalid."); } break; default: // Neither parallel nor serial?? throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown port type " + thePortID); } // Get the input and output streams // Printers can be write-only try { is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(thePort.getInputStream())); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Can't open input stream: write-only"); is = null; } os = new PrintStream(thePort.getOutputStream(), true); } /** * This method will be overridden by non-trivial subclasses to hold a * conversation. */ protected void converse() throws IOException { System.out.println("Ready to read and write port."); // Input/Output code not written -- must subclass. // Finally, clean up. if (is != null) is.close(); os.close(); } } class PortChooser extends JDialog implements ItemListener { /** A mapping from names to CommPortIdentifiers. */ protected HashMap map = new HashMap(); /** The name of the choice the user made. */ protected String selectedPortName; /** The CommPortIdentifier the user chose. */ protected CommPortIdentifier selectedPortIdentifier; /** The JComboBox for serial ports */ protected JComboBox serialPortsChoice; /** The JComboBox for parallel ports */ protected JComboBox parallelPortsChoice; /** The JComboBox for anything else */ protected JComboBox other; /** The SerialPort object */ protected SerialPort ttya; /** To display the chosen */ protected JLabel choice; /** Padding in the GUI */ protected final int PAD = 5; /** This will be called from either of the JComboBoxen when the * user selects any given item. */ public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) { // Get the name selectedPortName = (String) ((JComboBox) e.getSource()).getSelectedItem(); // Get the given CommPortIdentifier selectedPortIdentifier = (CommPortIdentifier) map.get(selectedPortName); // Display the name. choice.setText(selectedPortName); } /* The public "getter" to retrieve the chosen port by name. */ public String getSelectedName() { return selectedPortName; } /* The public "getter" to retrieve the selection by CommPortIdentifier. */ public CommPortIdentifier getSelectedIdentifier() { return selectedPortIdentifier; } /** A test program to show up this chooser. */ public static void main(String[] ap) { PortChooser c = new PortChooser(null); c.setVisible(true); // blocking wait System.out.println("You chose " + c.getSelectedName() + " (known by " + c.getSelectedIdentifier() + ")."); System.exit(0); } /** Construct a PortChooser --make the GUI and populate the ComboBoxes. */ public PortChooser(JFrame parent) { super(parent, "Port Chooser", true); makeGUI(); populate(); finishGUI(); } /** Build the GUI. You can ignore this for now if you have not * yet worked through the GUI chapter. Your mileage may vary. */ protected void makeGUI() { Container cp = getContentPane(); JPanel centerPanel = new JPanel(); cp.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, centerPanel); centerPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 2, PAD, PAD)); centerPanel.add(new JLabel("Serial Ports", JLabel.RIGHT)); serialPortsChoice = new JComboBox(); centerPanel.add(serialPortsChoice); serialPortsChoice.setEnabled(false); centerPanel.add(new JLabel("Parallel Ports", JLabel.RIGHT)); parallelPortsChoice = new JComboBox(); centerPanel.add(parallelPortsChoice); parallelPortsChoice.setEnabled(false); centerPanel.add(new JLabel("Unknown Ports", JLabel.RIGHT)); other = new JComboBox(); centerPanel.add(other); other.setEnabled(false); centerPanel.add(new JLabel("Your choice:", JLabel.RIGHT)); centerPanel.add(choice = new JLabel()); JButton okButton; cp.add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, okButton = new JButton("OK")); okButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { PortChooser.this.dispose(); } }); } /** Populate the ComboBoxes by asking the Java Communications API * what ports it has. Since the initial information comes from * a Properties file, it may not exactly reflect your hardware. */ protected void populate() { // get list of ports available on this particular computer, // by calling static method in CommPortIdentifier. Enumeration pList = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers(); // Process the list, putting serial and parallel into ComboBoxes while (pList.hasMoreElements()) { CommPortIdentifier cpi = (CommPortIdentifier) pList.nextElement(); // System.out.println("Port " + cpi.getName()); map.put(cpi.getName(), cpi); if (cpi.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) { serialPortsChoice.setEnabled(true); serialPortsChoice.addItem(cpi.getName()); } else if (cpi.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_PARALLEL) { parallelPortsChoice.setEnabled(true); parallelPortsChoice.addItem(cpi.getName()); } else { other.setEnabled(true); other.addItem(cpi.getName()); } } serialPortsChoice.setSelectedIndex(-1); parallelPortsChoice.setSelectedIndex(-1); } protected void finishGUI() { serialPortsChoice.addItemListener(this); parallelPortsChoice.addItemListener(this); other.addItemListener(this); pack(); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } }