Decodes Base64 data into octects : Hex Oct « Data Type « Java Tutorial






/*   Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
 *
 *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */


import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
/**
 * This class provides encode/decode for RFC 2045 Base64 as
 * defined by RFC 2045, N. Freed and N. Borenstein.
 * RFC 2045: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
 * Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies. Reference
 * 1996 Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
 * This class is used by XML Schema binary format validation
 *
 * This implementation does not encode/decode streaming
 * data. You need the data that you will encode/decode
 * already on a byte arrray.
 * 
 * 
 * From xmlbeans
 * @author Jeffrey Rodriguez
 * @author Sandy Gao
 * @version $Id: Base64.java 111285 2004-12-08 16:54:26Z cezar $
 */
public final class  Base64 {

    static private final int  BASELENGTH         = 255;
    static private final int  LOOKUPLENGTH       = 64;
    static private final int  TWENTYFOURBITGROUP = 24;
    static private final int  EIGHTBIT           = 8;
    static private final int  SIXTEENBIT         = 16;
    //static private final int  SIXBIT             = 6;
    static private final int  FOURBYTE           = 4;
    static private final int  SIGN               = -128;
    static private final byte PAD                = ( byte ) '=';
    static private final boolean fDebug          = false;
    static private byte [] base64Alphabet        = new byte[BASELENGTH];
    static private byte [] lookUpBase64Alphabet  = new byte[LOOKUPLENGTH];

    static {

        for (int i = 0; i<BASELENGTH; i++) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = -1;
        }
        for (int i = 'Z'; i >= 'A'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i-'A');
        }
        for (int i = 'z'; i>= 'a'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ( i-'a' + 26);
        }

        for (int i = '9'; i >= '0'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i-'0' + 52);
        }

        base64Alphabet['+']  = 62;
        base64Alphabet['/']  = 63;

        for (int i = 0; i<=25; i++)
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ('A'+i );

        for (int i = 26,  j = 0; i<=51; i++, j++)
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ('a'+ j );

        for (int i = 52,  j = 0; i<=61; i++, j++)
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ('0' + j );
        lookUpBase64Alphabet[62] = (byte) '+';
        lookUpBase64Alphabet[63] = (byte) '/';

    }

    protected static boolean isWhiteSpace(byte octect) {
        return (octect == 0x20 || octect == 0xd || octect == 0xa || octect == 0x9);
    }

    protected static boolean isPad(byte octect) {
        return (octect == PAD);
    }

    protected static boolean isData(byte octect) {
        return (base64Alphabet[octect] != -1);
    }

    protected static boolean isBase64(byte octect) {
        return (isWhiteSpace(octect) || isPad(octect) || isData(octect));
    }

    /**
     * Encodes hex octects into Base64
     *
     * @param binaryData Array containing binaryData
     * @return Encoded Base64 array
     */
    public static byte[] encode(byte[] binaryData) {

        if (binaryData == null)
            return null;

        int      lengthDataBits    = binaryData.length*EIGHTBIT;
        int      fewerThan24bits   = lengthDataBits%TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
        int      numberTriplets    = lengthDataBits/TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
        byte     encodedData[]     = null;

        if (fewerThan24bits != 0) //data not divisible by 24 bit
            encodedData = new byte[ (numberTriplets + 1 )*4  ];
        else // 16 or 8 bit
            encodedData = new byte[ numberTriplets*4 ];

        byte k=0, l=0, b1=0,b2=0,b3=0;

        int encodedIndex = 0;
        int dataIndex   = 0;
        int i           = 0;
        if (fDebug) {
            System.out.println("number of triplets = " + numberTriplets );
        }
        for (i = 0; i<numberTriplets; i++) {

            dataIndex = i*3;
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex + 1];
            b3 = binaryData[dataIndex + 2];

            if (fDebug) {
                System.out.println( "b1= " + b1 +", b2= " + b2 + ", b3= " + b3 );
            }

            l  = (byte)(b2 & 0x0f);
            k  = (byte)(b1 & 0x03);

            encodedIndex = i*4;
            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b1>>2):(byte)((b1)>>2^0xc0);

            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b2>>4):(byte)((b2)>>4^0xf0);
            byte val3 = ((b3 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b3>>6):(byte)((b3)>>6^0xfc);

            encodedData[encodedIndex]   = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val1 ];
            if (fDebug) {
                System.out.println( "val2 = " + val2 );
                System.out.println( "k4   = " + (k<<4));
                System.out.println( "vak  = " + (val2 | (k<<4)));
            }

            encodedData[encodedIndex+1] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val2 | ( k<<4 )];
            encodedData[encodedIndex+2] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ (l <<2 ) | val3 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex+3] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ b3 & 0x3f ];
        }

        // form integral number of 6-bit groups
        dataIndex    = i*3;
        encodedIndex = i*4;
        if (fewerThan24bits == EIGHTBIT) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            k = (byte) ( b1 &0x03 );
            if (fDebug) {
                System.out.println("b1=" + b1);
                System.out.println("b1<<2 = " + (b1>>2) );
            }
            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b1>>2):(byte)((b1)>>2^0xc0);
            encodedData[encodedIndex]     = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val1 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ k<<4 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex + 2] = PAD;
            encodedData[encodedIndex + 3] = PAD;
        } else if (fewerThan24bits == SIXTEENBIT) {

            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex +1 ];
            l = ( byte ) ( b2 &0x0f );
            k = ( byte ) ( b1 &0x03 );

            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b1>>2):(byte)((b1)>>2^0xc0);
            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b2>>4):(byte)((b2)>>4^0xf0);

            encodedData[encodedIndex]     = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val1 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val2 | ( k<<4 )];
            encodedData[encodedIndex + 2] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ l<<2 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex + 3] = PAD;
        }

        return encodedData;
    }

    /**
     * Decodes Base64 data into octects
     *
     * @param base64Data Byte array containing Base64 data
     * @return Array containind decoded data.
     */
    public static byte[] decode(byte[] base64Data) {

        if (base64Data == null)
            return null;

        // remove white spaces
        base64Data = removeWhiteSpace(base64Data);

        if (base64Data.length%FOURBYTE != 0) {
            return null;//should be divisible by four
        }

        int      numberQuadruple    = (base64Data.length/FOURBYTE );

        if (numberQuadruple == 0)
            return new byte[0];

        byte     decodedData[]      = null;
        byte     b1=0,b2=0,b3=0, b4=0;//, marker0=0, marker1=0;
        byte     d1=0,d2=0,d3=0,d4=0;

        // Throw away anything not in normalizedBase64Data
        // Adjust size
        int i = 0;
        int encodedIndex = 0;
        int dataIndex    = 0;
        decodedData      = new byte[ (numberQuadruple)*3];

        for (; i<numberQuadruple-1; i++) {

            if (!isData( (d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )||
                !isData( (d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )||
                !isData( (d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )||
                !isData( (d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) ))
                return null;//if found "no data" just return null

            b1 = base64Alphabet[d1];
            b2 = base64Alphabet[d2];
            b3 = base64Alphabet[d3];
            b4 = base64Alphabet[d4];

            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 ) ;
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(((b2 & 0xf)<<4 ) |( (b3>>2) & 0xf) );
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)( b3<<6 | b4 );
        }

        if (!isData( (d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) ) ||
            !isData( (d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )) {
            return null;//if found "no data" just return null
        }

        b1 = base64Alphabet[d1];
        b2 = base64Alphabet[d2];

        d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++];
        d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++];
        if (!isData( (d3 ) ) ||
            !isData( (d4 ) )) {//Check if they are PAD characters
            if (isPad( d3 ) && isPad( d4)) {               //Two PAD e.g. 3c[Pad][Pad]
                if ((b2 & 0xf) != 0)//last 4 bits should be zero
                    return null;
                byte[] tmp = new byte[ i*3 + 1 ];
                System.arraycopy( decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i*3 );
                tmp[encodedIndex]   = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 ) ;
                return tmp;
            } else if (!isPad( d3) && isPad(d4)) {               //One PAD  e.g. 3cQ[Pad]
                b3 = base64Alphabet[ d3 ];
                if ((b3 & 0x3 ) != 0)//last 2 bits should be zero
                    return null;
                byte[] tmp = new byte[ i*3 + 2 ];
                System.arraycopy( decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i*3 );
                tmp[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 );
                tmp[encodedIndex]   = (byte)(((b2 & 0xf)<<4 ) |( (b3>>2) & 0xf) );
                return tmp;
            } else {
                return null;//an error  like "3c[Pad]r", "3cdX", "3cXd", "3cXX" where X is non data
            }
        } else { //No PAD e.g 3cQl
            b3 = base64Alphabet[ d3 ];
            b4 = base64Alphabet[ d4 ];
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 ) ;
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(((b2 & 0xf)<<4 ) |( (b3>>2) & 0xf) );
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)( b3<<6 | b4 );

        }

        return decodedData;
    }

//    /**
//     * Decodes Base64 data into octects
//     *
//     * @param base64Data String containing Base64 data
//     * @return string containing decoded data.
//     */
//    public static String decode(String base64Data) {
//        if (base64Data == null)
//            return null;
//
//        byte[] decoded = null;
//        try {
//            decoded = decode(base64Data.getBytes("utf-8"));
//        }
//        catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
//        }
//        finally {
//            return decoded == null ? null : new String(decoded);
//        }
//    }
//
//    /**
//     * Encodes octects (using utf-8) into Base64 data
//     *
//     * @param binaryData String containing Hex data
//     * @return string containing decoded data.
//     */
//    public static String encode(String binaryData) {
//        if (binaryData == null)
//            return null;
//
//        byte[] encoded = null;
//         try {
//          encoded = encode(binaryData.getBytes("utf-8"));
//        }
//        catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e) {}
//        finally {
//            return encoded == null ? null : new String(encoded);
//        }
//    }

    /**
     * remove WhiteSpace from MIME containing encoded Base64 data.
     *
     * @param data  the byte array of base64 data (with WS)
     * @return      the byte array of base64 data (without WS)
     */
    protected static byte[] removeWhiteSpace(byte[] data) {
        if (data == null)
            return null;

        // count characters that's not whitespace
        int newSize = 0;
        int len = data.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (!isWhiteSpace(data[i]))
                newSize++;
        }

        // if no whitespace, just return the input array
        if (newSize == len)
            return data;

        // create the array to return
        byte[] newArray = new byte[newSize];

        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (!isWhiteSpace(data[i]))
                newArray[j++] = data[i];
        }
        return newArray;
    }
}








2.9.Hex Oct
2.9.1.Hexadecimal integer literal
2.9.2.A hexadecimal literal of type long
2.9.3.Defining integer literals as octal values
2.9.4.Decode string to integer
2.9.5.Convert octal number to decimal number example
2.9.6.Convert decimal integer to octal number example
2.9.7.Convert decimal integer to hexadecimal number example
2.9.8.Parsing and Formatting a Number into Binary
2.9.9.Convert byte array to Hex String
2.9.10.Convert the bytes to a hex string representation of the bytes
2.9.11.Converting hexadecimal strings
2.9.12.Dumps data in hexadecimal format
2.9.13.Given a hexstring this will return the byte array corresponding to string
2.9.14.Hex encoder/decoder implementation borrowed from BouncyCastle
2.9.15.Returns the hexadecimal value of the supplied byte array
2.9.16.A custom number formatter that formats numbers as hexadecimal strings.
2.9.17.Decodes Hex data into octects
2.9.18.Decodes Base64 data into octects
2.9.19.Helper function that returns a char from an hex
2.9.20.Encodes hex octects into Base64
2.9.21.Hex encoder and decoder.
2.9.22.Helper function that dump an array of bytes in hex pair form, without '0x' and space chars
2.9.23.dump an array of bytes in hex form
2.9.24.Decode byte array