CHAR and VARCHAR types are searched case insensitively, unless you use the BINARY keyword.
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE test5(first_name CHAR(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO test5(first_name) VALUES ('Nkosi');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> SELECT first_name FROM test5 WHERE first_name='nkosi';
+------------+
| first_name |
+------------+
| Nkosi |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> drop table test5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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