calculate logarithms by dividing log() function with log(base)
<?php $val = 100; $i = log($val); echo "log($val) = $i\n"; $i10 = log($val) / log(10); echo "log($val) / log(10) = $i10\n"; $i10 = log10($val); echo "log10($val) = $i10\n"; ?>