Call-by-Reference and the @_ Array : Special Variables « Language Basics « Perl






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  2. Language Basics
  3. Special Variables

Call-by-Reference and the @_ Array

   

#Passing arguments
$first="Tom";
$last="Kary";
&greeting ( $first, $last );
sub greeting{
    print "@_", "\n";
    print "Welcome, $_[0] $_[1]!\n";
}








Related examples in the same category

1.Special Literals
2.Splitting up $_
3.Splitting up $_ and creating an unnamed list
4.The list separator is a comma
5.The list separator is the empty string
6.Passing Arguments at the Command Line
7.Special Hashes: The %ENV Hash
8.The %SIG hash sets signal handlers for signals.
9.A program that changes the value of $/.
10.A program that uses the $" (dollar and quotation) variable.
11.A program that uses the $(dollar), variable.
12.A program that uses the $< variable.
13.A program that uses the $\(dollar and slash) variable.
14.A simple program that assigns to $_ using .
15.A simple version of the cat command using $_.
16.ARGV and the Null Filehandle
17.ARGV in Perl represents the command-line arguments.
18.Aliases and Values
19.Alternative names for Perl system variables.
20.Assign elements in @_ to scalar
21.Assign string array to @ARGV by using qw
22.Assign value to @_
23.Build the ARGV array with qw function
24.@_ has runtime scope.
25.A more expanded version for showing how to use the $_
26.Built-in variables: $_
27.Capturing fatal errors
28.Catching the sigINT signal
29.Code the $_ specifically
30.Compare value entered with number with underscore
31.Error message is stored in $!
32.Extracts information from the $] variable.
33.$! is the error number
34.$! stores the error message
35.$" is the separator
36.$# is the default format
37.$(dollar), is the separator
38.$MATCH = $&
39.$SIG{__DIE__}
40.$SIG{__WARN__} = 'IGNORE';
41.$SIG{__WARN__} = sub {die "Warning: $_[0]"};
42.$\ is 'END_OF_OUTPUT'
43.$^ is the format header
44.$^O stores the name of the operating system
45.$^S: is inside eval
46.$^W: Check the '-w switch'
47.$^X: get the Perl execuatable file name
48.$_ for print function
49.$_ stores the user input
50.$~ is the format
51.%INC values
52.File-searching program using $ARGV.
53.Get Computer Name key in the %ENV
54.Get local time from $^T
55.If $_contains needle, the string is printed.
56.Integer signal
57.Lines Remaining on the Page: $-
58.List all command line argument
59.Local builtin var
60.Locate all numbers less than 6
61.Manipuate @_ and return @_
62.Mannually change the $1 variable
63.Match: $&
64.Perl 5 Built-In Variables
65.Perl's modules reside in the directories named in the @INC array, or subdirectories
66.Perl's special arrays
67.Perl's special variables
68.Postmatch $'
69.Prematch: $`
70.Print all command line argument
71.Print the default variable's ($_) value
72.Quick Sum
73.Read and set environment variables?
74.Read lines from supplied filenames
75.Reference element in @_
76.Resetting array base
77.Retrieving the Entire Pattern: $&
78.Saving in the $& special scalar
79.Set the $/ and chomp
80.Special Variables
81.System variables that control how write sends output to a file
82.Test of open and die with $!.
83.The $_ Scalar Variable
84.The @* field
85.The @ISA Array and Calling Methods
86.The Argument Vector @ARGV
87.The Pattern-Matching Operator and $_
88.The Substitution Operator and $_
89.The code executes a line of code you type as long as that line doesn't start with a #
90.The environment associative array: Associative arrays %ENV holds your system's environment variables.
91.The following functions and operators work with the $_ variable by default:
92.The shift operator returns an undefined value if the array has no more elements.
93.To list all .pm files by using the @INC array
94.Use while loop to display all entries in ENV
95.Using $, to set the separator for print command
96.Using $_ (dollar underscore)
97.Using $_ as the array index
98.Using $_ variable with while statement
99.Using %SIG to define our own signal handlers
100.Using @_ directly
101.Using __LINE__ to output line number
102.Using eof and <> together.
103.Using the $. variable.
104.Using the $;(dollar and semicolon) variable.
105.Using the @_ to reference the parameter
106.Using the Default Variable $_
107.Using the diamond operator with @ARGV
108.Using the if statement to check the command line parameters
109.Using the special Perl variable $! in the message passed to die.
110.Using tr to convert all file names passed in to uppercase
111.Verify the total number of the command line parameter
112.Working with $_ usually makes programming much easier, but more confusing to the uninitiated
113.You display the current line of execution in a Perl script by referring to it with the __LINE__ token.
114.You display the name of the current Perl package with __PACKAGE__.
115.You display the name of the current file with the __FILE__ token
116.foreach (@_)
117.foreach loop and $_
118.or die $!
119.or die $^E;
120.print "Hello, $ENV{USER}!\n";
121.print $INC{'English.pm'};
122.print $]; (Perl version number)
123.print out all pm library location
124.prints out each element of @ARGV separately
125.shift: defaults to shifting @ARGV
126.time - $^T
127.undef $/;