start with column is null : Start With « Analytical Functions « Oracle PL / SQL






start with column is null

  
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
  3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
  5                    HIREDATE DATE,
  6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
  7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK',    7902, TO_DATE('17-DEC-1980', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 800, NULL, 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, TO_DATE('20-FEB-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1600, 300, 30);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, 'WARD',  'SALESMAN', 7698, TO_DATE('22-FEB-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1250, 500, 30);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER',  7839, TO_DATE('2-APR-1981',  'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2975, NULL, 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698,TO_DATE('28-SEP-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1250, 1400, 30);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839,TO_DATE('1-MAY-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2850, NULL, 30);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839,TO_DATE('9-JUN-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2450, NULL, 10);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566,TO_DATE('09-DEC-1982', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 3000, NULL, 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', NULL,TO_DATE('17-NOV-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 5000, NULL, 10);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698,TO_DATE('8-SEP-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1500, 0, 30);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788,TO_DATE('12-JAN-1983', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1100, NULL, 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698,TO_DATE('3-DEC-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 950, NULL, 30);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566,TO_DATE('3-DEC-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 3000, NULL, 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782,TO_DATE('23-JAN-1982', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1300, NULL, 10);

1 row created.

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');

1 row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>  column empname format a15
SQL>  select lpad( '.', 2*level, '.' ) || e.ename empname,
  2           d.dname, e.job
  3      from emp e, dept d
  4     where e.deptno = d.deptno
  5     start with e.mgr is null
  6     connect by prior e.empno = e.mgr
  7    /
EMPNAME         DNAME          JOB
--------------- -------------- ---------
..KING          ACCOUNTING     PRESIDENT
....JONES       RESEARCH       MANAGER
......SCOTT     RESEARCH       ANALYST
........ADAMS   RESEARCH       CLERK
......FORD      RESEARCH       ANALYST
........SMITH   RESEARCH       CLERK
....BLAKE       SALES          MANAGER
......ALLEN     SALES          SALESMAN
......WARD      SALES          SALESMAN
......MARTIN    SALES          SALESMAN
......TURNER    SALES          SALESMAN
......JAMES     SALES          CLERK
....CLARK       ACCOUNTING     MANAGER
......MILLER    ACCOUNTING     CLERK

14 rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table dept;

Table dropped.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> --

   
  








Related examples in the same category

1.start connect by
2.START WITH mgr is null CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR empno = mgr