Xml dap Certs And Keys : Key Generator « Security « Java






Xml dap Certs And Keys

      
/*
 * XmldapCertsAndKeys.java
 *
 * Created on 6. September 2006, 11:08
 *
 * To change this template, choose Tools | Template Manager
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

//package org.xmldap.util;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec;

/**
 * 
 * @author Axel Nennker
 */
public class XmldapCertsAndKeys {

  static final String cert1B64 = "MIIDkDCCAvmgAwIBAgIJAO+Fcd4yj0h/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMIGNMQswCQYD"
      + "VQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBxMNU2FuIEZyYW5j"
      + "aXNjbzEPMA0GA1UEChMGeG1sZGFwMScwJQYDVQQLFB5DaHVjayBNb3J0aW1vcmUg"
      + "JiBBeGVsIE5lbm5rZXIxFzAVBgNVBAMTDnd3dy54bWxkYXAub3JnMB4XDTA3MDgx"
      + "ODIxMTIzMVoXDTE3MDgxNTIxMTIzMVowgY0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQI"
      + "EwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQHEw1TYW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZ4"
      + "bWxkYXAxJzAlBgNVBAsUHkNodWNrIE1vcnRpbW9yZSAmIEF4ZWwgTmVubmtlcjEX"
      + "MBUGA1UEAxMOd3d3LnhtbGRhcC5vcmcwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJ"
      + "AoGBAOKUn6/QqTZj/BWoQVxNFI0Z2AXI1azws+RyuJek60NiawQrFAKk0Ph+/YnU"
      + "iQAnzbsT+juZV08UpaPa2IE3g0+RFZtODlqoGGGakSOd9NNnDuNhsdtXJWgQq8pa"
      + "M9Sc4nUue31iq7LvmjSGSL5w84NglT48AcqVGr+/5vy8CfT/AgMBAAGjgfUwgfIw"
      + "HQYDVR0OBBYEFGcwQKLQtW8/Dql5t70BfXX66dmaMIHCBgNVHSMEgbowgbeAFGcw"
      + "QKLQtW8/Dql5t70BfXX66dmaoYGTpIGQMIGNMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UE"
      + "CBMKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBxMNU2FuIEZyYW5jaXNjbzEPMA0GA1UEChMG"
      + "eG1sZGFwMScwJQYDVQQLFB5DaHVjayBNb3J0aW1vcmUgJiBBeGVsIE5lbm5rZXIx"
      + "FzAVBgNVBAMTDnd3dy54bWxkYXAub3JnggkA74Vx3jKPSH8wDAYDVR0TBAUwAwEB"
      + "/zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOBgQAYQisGgrg1xw0TTgIZcz3JXr+ZtwjeKqEewoxC"
      + "xBz1uki7hJYHIznEZq4fzSMtcBMgbKmOTzFNV0Yr/tnJ9rrljRf8EXci62ffzj+K"
      + "kny7JtM6Ltxq0BJuF3jrXogdbsc5J3W9uJ7C2+uJTHG1mApbOdJGvLAGLCaNw5Np"
      + "P7+ZXQ==";

  /** Creates a new instance of XmldapCertsAndKeys */
  private XmldapCertsAndKeys() {
  }

  public static X509Certificate getXmldapCert() throws CertificateException {
    String certB64 = "MIIDXTCCAkUCBEQd+4EwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQAwczELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAgTCkNh"
        + "bGlmb3JuaWExFjAUBgNVBAcTDVNhbiBGcmFuY2lzY28xDzANBgNVBAoTBnhtbGRhcDERMA8GA1UE"
        + "CxMIaW5mb2NhcmQxEzARBgNVBAMTCnhtbGRhcC5vcmcwHhcNMDYwMzIwMDA0NjU3WhcNMDYwNjE4"
        + "MDA0NjU3WjBzMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBxMNU2Fu"
        + "IEZyYW5jaXNjbzEPMA0GA1UEChMGeG1sZGFwMREwDwYDVQQLEwhpbmZvY2FyZDETMBEGA1UEAxMK"
        + "eG1sZGFwLm9yZzCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBANMnkVA4xfpG0bLos9FO"
        + "pNBjHAdFahy2cJ7FUwuXd/IShnG+5qF/z1SdPWzRxTtpFFyodtXlBUEIbiT+IbYPZF1vCcBrcFa8"
        + "Kz/4rBjrpPZgllgA/WSVKjnJvw8q4/tO6CQZSlRlj/ebNK9VyT1kN+MrKV1SGTqaIJ2l+7Rd05WH"
        + "scwZMPdVWBbRrg76YTfy6H/NlQIArNLZanPvE0Vd5QfD4ZyG2hTh3y7ZlJAUndGJ/kfZw8sKuL9Q"
        + "Srh4eOTc280NQUmPGz6LP5MXNmu0RxEcomod1+ToKll90yEKFAUKuPYFgm9J+vYm4tzRequLy/nj"
        + "teRIkcfAdcAtt6PCYjUCAwEAATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOCAQEAURtxiA7qDSq/WlUpWpfWiZ7H"
        + "vveQrwTaTwV/Fk3l/I9e9WIRN51uFLuiLtZMMwR02BX7Yva1KQ/Gl999cm/0b5hptJ+TU29rVPZI"
        + "lI32c5vjcuSVoEda8+BRj547jlC0rNokyWm+YtBcDOwfHSPFFwVPPVxyQsVEebsiB6KazFq6iZ8A"
        + "0F2HLEnpsdFnGrSwBBbH3I3PH65ofrTTgj1Mjk5kA6EVaeefDCtlkX2ogIFMlcS6ruihX2mlCLUS"
        + "rlPs9TH+M4j/R/LV5QWJ93/X9gsxFrxVFGg3b75EKQP8MZ111/jaeKd80mUOAiTO06EtfjXZPrjP"
        + "N4e2l05i2EGDUA==";
    byte[] certBytes = Base64.decode(certB64);
    CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509");
    ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(certBytes);
    return (X509Certificate) cf.generateCertificate(inStream);
  }

  public static RSAPrivateKey getXmldapPrivateKey()
      throws InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    String exponentB64 = "AKh/FZVHiKxcIPA8g2mN8TUdMXuX58I7z4jS+57vYta387MG3DGZtQ/XXfHdPx9WjdoW0KWE2Pl5"
        + "SbOZW7tVcwigF88FrSJ5i6XDwUktmXjFwJM/TvUZlxWAKUdoOX8MC3DrAYZxeT3kC1mzAiBMPdC4"
        + "W4zNe7Zo0YgbsMzQZowVxZTP4GWa/L8o3adXTvdobP1nKW5buPj9vkgaGCTxE0vQzbuiGj1HRJe9"
        + "MRtvcU/I2shiIVE0F35wk8gw0FATtkvMpTpR12YVeo1JGZsHFQoD7gTD/n/NmC9Rjk2baYGj97hV"
        + "9EpDRcPNsMll2pVRy4Z45j2+t/yl8WjaqK5lhkE=";
    String modulusB64 = "ANMnkVA4xfpG0bLos9FOpNBjHAdFahy2cJ7FUwuXd/IShnG+5qF/z1SdPWzRxTtpFFyodtXlBUEI"
        + "biT+IbYPZF1vCcBrcFa8Kz/4rBjrpPZgllgA/WSVKjnJvw8q4/tO6CQZSlRlj/ebNK9VyT1kN+Mr"
        + "KV1SGTqaIJ2l+7Rd05WHscwZMPdVWBbRrg76YTfy6H/NlQIArNLZanPvE0Vd5QfD4ZyG2hTh3y7Z"
        + "lJAUndGJ/kfZw8sKuL9QSrh4eOTc280NQUmPGz6LP5MXNmu0RxEcomod1+ToKll90yEKFAUKuPYF"
        + "gm9J+vYm4tzRequLy/njteRIkcfAdcAtt6PCYjU=";
    byte[] exponentBytes = Base64.decode(exponentB64);
    byte[] modulusBytes = Base64.decode(modulusB64);
    BigInteger exponent = new BigInteger(1, exponentBytes);
    BigInteger modulus = new BigInteger(1, modulusBytes);
    RSAPrivateKeySpec ks = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(modulus, exponent);
    KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
    return (RSAPrivateKey) kf.generatePrivate(ks);
  }

  public static String getXmldapCert1String() {
    return cert1B64;
  }

  public static X509Certificate getXmldapCert1() throws CertificateException {
    byte[] certBytes = Base64.decode(cert1B64);
    CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509");
    ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(certBytes);
    return (X509Certificate) cf.generateCertificate(inStream);
  }

  public static RSAPrivateKey getXmldapPrivateKey1()
      throws InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    byte[] modulusBytes = { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xe2, (byte) 0x94,
        (byte) 0x9f, (byte) 0xaf, (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0xa9,
        (byte) 0x36, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0x15,
        (byte) 0xa8, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x5c, (byte) 0x4d,
        (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x8d, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0xd8,
        (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0xc8, (byte) 0xd5, (byte) 0xac,
        (byte) 0xf0, (byte) 0xb3, (byte) 0xe4, (byte) 0x72,
        (byte) 0xb8, (byte) 0x97, (byte) 0xa4, (byte) 0xeb,
        (byte) 0x43, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0x6b, (byte) 0x04,
        (byte) 0x2b, (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0xa4,
        (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0xf8, (byte) 0x7e, (byte) 0xfd,
        (byte) 0x89, (byte) 0xd4, (byte) 0x89, (byte) 0x00,
        (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0x13,
        (byte) 0xfa, (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x99, (byte) 0x57,
        (byte) 0x4f, (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0xa3,
        (byte) 0xda, (byte) 0xd8, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x37,
        (byte) 0x83, (byte) 0x4f, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0x15,
        (byte) 0x9b, (byte) 0x4e, (byte) 0x0e, (byte) 0x5a,
        (byte) 0xa8, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x61, (byte) 0x9a,
        (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x9d, (byte) 0xf4,
        (byte) 0xd3, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x0e, (byte) 0xe3,
        (byte) 0x61, (byte) 0xb1, (byte) 0xdb, (byte) 0x57,
        (byte) 0x25, (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x10, (byte) 0xab,
        (byte) 0xca, (byte) 0x5a, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0xd4,
        (byte) 0x9c, (byte) 0xe2, (byte) 0x75, (byte) 0x2e,
        (byte) 0x7b, (byte) 0x7d, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0xab,
        (byte) 0xb2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x9a, (byte) 0x34,
        (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0x48, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0x70,
        (byte) 0xf3, (byte) 0x83, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x95,
        (byte) 0x3e, (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xca,
        (byte) 0x95, (byte) 0x1a, (byte) 0xbf, (byte) 0xbf,
        (byte) 0xe6, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0xbc, (byte) 0x09,
        (byte) 0xf4, (byte) 0xff };
    byte[] exponentBytes = { (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe6, (byte) 0xf1,
        (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x8b,
        (byte) 0x4e, (byte) 0x0c, (byte) 0xb1, (byte) 0xaa,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xdd, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x8a,
        (byte) 0xf3, (byte) 0xc8, (byte) 0x2a, (byte) 0x5b,
        (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0xfc,
        (byte) 0xc6, (byte) 0x30, (byte) 0xea, (byte) 0xf6,
        (byte) 0xf3, (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x5f, (byte) 0x4c,
        (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x4c, (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x43,
        (byte) 0xca, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x43, (byte) 0x2f,
        (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0xec, (byte) 0x65, (byte) 0x77,
        (byte) 0x70, (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x70,
        (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x7d, (byte) 0x20,
        (byte) 0x74, (byte) 0x07, (byte) 0x1b, (byte) 0x9f,
        (byte) 0xa3, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xed, (byte) 0x0b,
        (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0xb0, (byte) 0xb5, (byte) 0xeb,
        (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0x2f, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0x4d,
        (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0xe5, (byte) 0x86,
        (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0xe7,
        (byte) 0xd9, (byte) 0xf7, (byte) 0xb3, (byte) 0x45,
        (byte) 0x2a, (byte) 0x92, (byte) 0x1b, (byte) 0x54,
        (byte) 0x49, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0xbd,
        (byte) 0xc0, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0xd1, (byte) 0x86,
        (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0xe7, (byte) 0xe3, (byte) 0xb3,
        (byte) 0xf5, (byte) 0x77, (byte) 0x5f, (byte) 0x46,
        (byte) 0x93, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0x9a,
        (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x9f, (byte) 0x48, (byte) 0x27,
        (byte) 0x4b, (byte) 0x93, (byte) 0xa7, (byte) 0x1c,
        (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0x8a, (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xbe,
        (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x85, (byte) 0x92, (byte) 0x8a,
        (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0xfd, (byte) 0xeb, (byte) 0x18,
        (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x69, (byte) 0xe5, (byte) 0xa1 };
    BigInteger exponent = new BigInteger(1, exponentBytes);
    BigInteger modulus = new BigInteger(1, modulusBytes);
    RSAPrivateKeySpec ks = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(modulus, exponent);
    KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
    return (RSAPrivateKey) kf.generatePrivate(ks);
  }

}

/*
 * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source Copyright 2005, JBoss Inc., and
 * individual contributors as indicated by the @authors tag. See the
 * copyright.txt in the distribution for a full listing of individual
 * contributors.
 * 
 * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
 * terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 * 
 * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
 * details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with this software; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF
 * site: http://www.fsf.org.
 */

/**
 * Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.
 * 
 * <p>
 * Change Log:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>v2.1 - Cleaned up javadoc comments and unused variables and methods.
 * Added some convenience methods for reading and writing to and from files.</li>
 * <li>v2.0.2 - Now specifies UTF-8 encoding in places where the code fails on
 * systems with other encodings (like EBCDIC).</li>
 * <li>v2.0.1 - Fixed an error when decoding a single byte, that is, when the
 * encoded data was a single byte.</li>
 * <li>v2.0 - I got rid of methods that used booleans to set options. Now
 * everything is more consolidated and cleaner. The code now detects when data
 * that's being decoded is gzip-compressed and will decompress it automatically.
 * Generally things are cleaner. You'll probably have to change some method
 * calls that you were making to support the new options format (<tt>int</tt>s
 * that you "OR" together).</li>
 * <li>v1.5.1 - Fixed bug when decompressing and decoding to a byte[] using
 * <tt>decode( String s, boolean gzipCompressed )</tt>. Added the ability to
 * "suspend" encoding in the Output Stream so you can turn on and off the
 * encoding if you need to embed base64 data in an otherwise "normal" stream
 * (like an XML file).</li>
 * <li>v1.5 - Output stream pases on flush() command but doesn't do anything
 * itself. This helps when using GZIP streams. Added the ability to
 * GZip-compress objects before encoding them.</li>
 * <li>v1.4 - Added helper methods to read/write files.</li>
 * <li>v1.3.6 - Fixed OutputStream.flush() so that 'position' is reset.</li>
 * <li>v1.3.5 - Added flag to turn on and off line breaks. Fixed bug in input
 * stream where last buffer being read, if not completely full, was not
 * returned.</li>
 * <li>v1.3.4 - Fixed when "improperly padded stream" error was thrown at the
 * wrong time.</li>
 * <li>v1.3.3 - Fixed I/O streams which were totally messed up.</li>
 * </ul>
 * 
 * <p>
 * I am placing this code in the Public Domain. Do with it as you will. This
 * software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with plenty of
 * well-wishing instead! Please visit <a
 * href="http://iharder.net/base64">http://iharder.net/base64</a> periodically
 * to check for updates or to contribute improvements.
 * </p>
 * 
 * @author Robert Harder
 * @author rob@iharder.net
 * @version 2.1
 */
class Base64 {
  // provide logging

  /* ******** P U B L I C F I E L D S ******** */

  /** No options specified. Value is zero. */
  public final static int NO_OPTIONS = 0;

  /** Specify encoding. */
  public final static int ENCODE = 1;

  /** Specify decoding. */
  public final static int DECODE = 0;

  /** Specify that data should be gzip-compressed. */
  public final static int GZIP = 2;

  /** Don't break lines when encoding (violates strict Base64 specification) */
  public final static int DONT_BREAK_LINES = 8;

  /* ******** P R I V A T E F I E L D S ******** */

  /** Maximum line length (76) of Base64 output. */
  private final static int MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 76;

  /** The equals sign (=) as a byte. */
  private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN = (byte) '=';

  /** The new line character (\n) as a byte. */
  private final static byte NEW_LINE = (byte) '\n';

  /** Preferred encoding. */
  private final static String PREFERRED_ENCODING = "UTF-8";

  /** The 64 valid Base64 values. */
  private final static byte[] ALPHABET;
  private final static byte[] _NATIVE_ALPHABET = /*
                           * May be something funny
                           * like EBCDIC
                           */
  { (byte) 'A', (byte) 'B', (byte) 'C', (byte) 'D', (byte) 'E', (byte) 'F',
      (byte) 'G', (byte) 'H', (byte) 'I', (byte) 'J', (byte) 'K',
      (byte) 'L', (byte) 'M', (byte) 'N', (byte) 'O', (byte) 'P',
      (byte) 'Q', (byte) 'R', (byte) 'S', (byte) 'T', (byte) 'U',
      (byte) 'V', (byte) 'W', (byte) 'X', (byte) 'Y', (byte) 'Z',
      (byte) 'a', (byte) 'b', (byte) 'c', (byte) 'd', (byte) 'e',
      (byte) 'f', (byte) 'g', (byte) 'h', (byte) 'i', (byte) 'j',
      (byte) 'k', (byte) 'l', (byte) 'm', (byte) 'n', (byte) 'o',
      (byte) 'p', (byte) 'q', (byte) 'r', (byte) 's', (byte) 't',
      (byte) 'u', (byte) 'v', (byte) 'w', (byte) 'x', (byte) 'y',
      (byte) 'z', (byte) '0', (byte) '1', (byte) '2', (byte) '3',
      (byte) '4', (byte) '5', (byte) '6', (byte) '7', (byte) '8',
      (byte) '9', (byte) '+', (byte) '/' };

  /** Determine which ALPHABET to use. */
  static {
    byte[] __bytes;
    try {
      __bytes = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
          .getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING);
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException use) {
      __bytes = _NATIVE_ALPHABET; // Fall back to native encoding
    } // end catch
    ALPHABET = __bytes;
  } // end static

  /**
   * Translates a Base64 value to either its 6-bit reconstruction value or a
   * negative number indicating some other meaning.
   **/
  private final static byte[] DECODABET = { -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9,
      -9, // Decimal 0 - 8
      -5, -5, // Whitespace: Tab and Linefeed
      -9, -9, // Decimal 11 - 12
      -5, // Whitespace: Carriage Return
      -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 14 -
                                // 26
      -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 27 - 31
      -5, // Whitespace: Space
      -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 33 - 42
      62, // Plus sign at decimal 43
      -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 44 - 46
      63, // Slash at decimal 47
      52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // Numbers zero through nine
      -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 58 - 60
      -1, // Equals sign at decimal 61
      -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 62 - 64
      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, // Letters 'A' through
                              // 'N'
      14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // Letters 'O'
                              // through 'Z'
      -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 91 - 96
      26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, // Letters 'a'
                                // through 'm'
      39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // Letters 'n'
                                // through 'z'
      -9, -9, -9, -9 // Decimal 123 - 126
  /*
   * ,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 127 - 139
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 140 - 152
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 153 - 165
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 166 - 178
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 179 - 191
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 192 - 204
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 205 - 217
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 218 - 230
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 231 - 243
   * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9 // Decimal 244 - 255
   */
  };

  // I think I end up not using the BAD_ENCODING indicator.
  // private final static byte BAD_ENCODING = -9; // Indicates error in
  // encoding
  private final static byte WHITE_SPACE_ENC = -5; // Indicates white space in
                          // encoding
  private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN_ENC = -1; // Indicates equals sign in
                          // encoding

  /** Defeats instantiation. */
  private Base64() {
  }

  /* ******** E N C O D I N G M E T H O D S ******** */

  /**
   * Encodes up to the first three bytes of array <var>threeBytes</var> and
   * returns a four-byte array in Base64 notation. The actual number of
   * significant bytes in your array is given by <var>numSigBytes</var>. The
   * array <var>threeBytes</var> needs only be as big as
   * <var>numSigBytes</var>. Code can reuse a byte array by passing a
   * four-byte array as <var>b4</var>.
   * 
   * @param b4
   *            A reusable byte array to reduce array instantiation
   * @param threeBytes
   *            the array to convert
   * @param numSigBytes
   *            the number of significant bytes in your array
   * @return four byte array in Base64 notation.
   * @since 1.5.1
   */
  private static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] b4, byte[] threeBytes,
      int numSigBytes) {
    encode3to4(threeBytes, 0, numSigBytes, b4, 0);
    return b4;
  } // end encode3to4

  /**
   * Encodes up to three bytes of the array <var>source</var> and writes the
   * resulting four Base64 bytes to <var>destination</var>. The source and
   * destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by
   * specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method
   * does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate
   * <var>srcOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>source</var> array or
   * <var>destOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>destination</var> array. The
   * actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by
   * <var>numSigBytes</var>.
   * 
   * @param source
   *            the array to convert
   * @param srcOffset
   *            the index where conversion begins
   * @param numSigBytes
   *            the number of significant bytes in your array
   * @param destination
   *            the array to hold the conversion
   * @param destOffset
   *            the index where output will be put
   * @return the <var>destination</var> array
   * @since 1.3
   */
  private static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] source, int srcOffset,
      int numSigBytes, byte[] destination, int destOffset) {
    // 1 2 3
    // 01234567890123456789012345678901 Bit position
    // --------000000001111111122222222 Array position from threeBytes
    // --------| || || || | Six bit groups to index ALPHABET
    // >>18 >>12 >> 6 >> 0 Right shift necessary
    // 0x3f 0x3f 0x3f Additional AND

    // Create buffer with zero-padding if there are only one or two
    // significant bytes passed in the array.
    // We have to shift left 24 in order to flush out the 1's that appear
    // when Java treats a value as negative that is cast from a byte to an
    // int.
    int inBuff = (numSigBytes > 0 ? ((source[srcOffset] << 24) >>> 8) : 0)
        | (numSigBytes > 1 ? ((source[srcOffset + 1] << 24) >>> 16) : 0)
        | (numSigBytes > 2 ? ((source[srcOffset + 2] << 24) >>> 24) : 0);

    switch (numSigBytes) {
    case 3:
      destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
      destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
      destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
      destination[destOffset + 3] = ALPHABET[(inBuff) & 0x3f];
      return destination;

    case 2:
      destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
      destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
      destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
      destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
      return destination;

    case 1:
      destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
      destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
      destination[destOffset + 2] = EQUALS_SIGN;
      destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
      return destination;

    default:
      return destination;
    } // end switch
  } // end encode3to4

  /**
   * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that
   * serialized object. If the object cannot be serialized or there is another
   * error, the method will return <tt>null</tt>. The object is not
   * GZip-compressed before being encoded.
   * 
   * @param serializableObject
   *            The object to encode
   * @return The Base64-encoded object
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public static String encodeObject(java.io.Serializable serializableObject) {
    return encodeObject(serializableObject, NO_OPTIONS);
  } // end encodeObject

  /**
   * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that
   * serialized object. If the object cannot be serialized or there is another
   * error, the method will return <tt>null</tt>.
   * <p>
   * Valid options:
   * 
   * <pre>
   *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
   *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
   *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
   * </pre>
   * <p>
   * Example: <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
   * <p>
   * Example:
   * <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
   * 
   * @param serializableObject
   *            The object to encode
   * @param options
   *            Specified options
   * @return The Base64-encoded object
   * @see Base64#GZIP
   * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public static String encodeObject(java.io.Serializable serializableObject,
      int options) {
    // Streams
    java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    java.io.OutputStream b64os = null;
    java.io.ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
    java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream gzos = null;

    // Isolate options
    int gzip = (options & GZIP);
    int dontBreakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES);

    try {
      // ObjectOutputStream -> (GZIP) -> Base64 -> ByteArrayOutputStream
      baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
      b64os = new Base64.OutputStream(baos, ENCODE | dontBreakLines);

      // GZip?
      if (gzip == GZIP) {
        gzos = new java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream(b64os);
        oos = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream(gzos);
      } // end if: gzip
      else
        oos = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream(b64os);

      oos.writeObject(serializableObject);
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    } // end catch
    finally {
      try {
        oos.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
      try {
        gzos.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
      try {
        b64os.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
      try {
        baos.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
    } // end finally

    // Return value according to relevant encoding.
    try {
      return new String(baos.toByteArray(), PREFERRED_ENCODING);
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) {
      return new String(baos.toByteArray());
    } // end catch

  } // end encode

  /**
   * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data.
   * 
   * @param source
   *            The data to convert
   * @return the encode bytes
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source) {
    return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length, NO_OPTIONS);
  } // end encodeBytes

  /**
   * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
   * <p>
   * Valid options:
   * 
   * <pre>
   *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
   *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
   *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
   * </pre>
   * <p>
   * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
   * <p>
   * Example:
   * <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
   * 
   * 
   * @param source
   *            The data to convert
   * @param options
   *            Specified options
   * @return the encoded bytes
   * @see Base64#GZIP
   * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int options) {
    return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length, options);
  } // end encodeBytes

  /**
   * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data.
   * 
   * @param source
   *            The data to convert
   * @param off
   *            Offset in array where conversion should begin
   * @param len
   *            Length of data to convert
   * @return the text node
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len) {
    return encodeBytes(source, off, len, NO_OPTIONS);
  } // end encodeBytes

  /**
   * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
   * <p>
   * Valid options:
   * 
   * <pre>
   *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
   *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
   *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
   * </pre>
   * <p>
   * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
   * <p>
   * Example:
   * <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
   * 
   * 
   * @param source
   *            The data to convert
   * @param off
   *            Offset in array where conversion should begin
   * @param len
   *            Length of data to convert
   * @param options
   *            Specified options
   * @see Base64#GZIP
   * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
   * @return the text node
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len,
      int options) {
    // Isolate options
    int dontBreakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES);
    int gzip = (options & GZIP);

    // Compress?
    if (gzip == GZIP) {
      java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
      java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream gzos = null;
      Base64.OutputStream b64os = null;

      try {
        // GZip -> Base64 -> ByteArray
        baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
        b64os = new Base64.OutputStream(baos, ENCODE | dontBreakLines);
        gzos = new java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream(b64os);

        gzos.write(source, off, len);
        gzos.close();
      } // end try
      catch (java.io.IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
      } // end catch
      finally {
        try {
          gzos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        try {
          b64os.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        try {
          baos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
      } // end finally

      // Return value according to relevant encoding.
      try {
        return new String(baos.toByteArray(), PREFERRED_ENCODING);
      } // end try
      catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) {
        return new String(baos.toByteArray());
      } // end catch
    } // end if: compress

    // Else, don't compress. Better not to use streams at all then.
    else {
      // Convert option to boolean in way that code likes it.
      boolean breakLines = dontBreakLines == 0;

      int len43 = len * 4 / 3;
      byte[] outBuff = new byte[(len43) // Main 4:3
          + ((len % 3) > 0 ? 4 : 0) // Account for padding
          + (breakLines ? (len43 / MAX_LINE_LENGTH) : 0)]; // New
                                    // lines
      int d = 0;
      int e = 0;
      int len2 = len - 2;
      int lineLength = 0;
      for (; d < len2; d += 3, e += 4) {
        encode3to4(source, d + off, 3, outBuff, e);

        lineLength += 4;
        if (breakLines && lineLength == MAX_LINE_LENGTH) {
          outBuff[e + 4] = NEW_LINE;
          e++;
          lineLength = 0;
        } // end if: end of line
      } // en dfor: each piece of array

      if (d < len) {
        encode3to4(source, d + off, len - d, outBuff, e);
        e += 4;
      } // end if: some padding needed

      // Return value according to relevant encoding.
      try {
        return new String(outBuff, 0, e, PREFERRED_ENCODING);
      } // end try
      catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) {
        return new String(outBuff, 0, e);
      } // end catch

    } // end else: don't compress

  } // end encodeBytes

  /* ******** D E C O D I N G M E T H O D S ******** */

  /**
   * Decodes four bytes from array <var>source</var> and writes the resulting
   * bytes (up to three of them) to <var>destination</var>. The source and
   * destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by
   * specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method
   * does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate
   * <var>srcOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>source</var> array or
   * <var>destOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>destination</var> array. This
   * method returns the actual number of bytes that were converted from the
   * Base64 encoding.
   * 
   * 
   * @param source
   *            the array to convert
   * @param srcOffset
   *            the index where conversion begins
   * @param destination
   *            the array to hold the conversion
   * @param destOffset
   *            the index where output will be put
   * @return the number of decoded bytes converted
   * @since 1.3
   */
  private static int decode4to3(byte[] source, int srcOffset,
      byte[] destination, int destOffset) {
    // Example: Dk==
    if (source[srcOffset + 2] == EQUALS_SIGN) {
      // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
      // int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6
      // )
      // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 );
      int outBuff = ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18)
          | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12);

      destination[destOffset] = (byte) (outBuff >>> 16);
      return 1;
    }

    // Example: DkL=
    else if (source[srcOffset + 3] == EQUALS_SIGN) {
      // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
      // int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6
      // )
      // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 )
      // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 );
      int outBuff = ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18)
          | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12)
          | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6);

      destination[destOffset] = (byte) (outBuff >>> 16);
      destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte) (outBuff >>> 8);
      return 2;
    }

    // Example: DkLE
    else {
      try {
        // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like
        // best.
        // int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 )
        // >>> 6 )
        // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 )
        // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 )
        // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 3 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 24 );
        int outBuff = ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18)
            | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12)
            | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6)
            | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 3]] & 0xFF));

        destination[destOffset] = (byte) (outBuff >> 16);
        destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte) (outBuff >> 8);
        destination[destOffset + 2] = (byte) (outBuff);

        return 3;
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset] + ": "
            + (DECODABET[source[srcOffset]]));
        System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset + 1] + ": "
            + (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]]));
        System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset + 2] + ": "
            + (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]]));
        System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset + 3] + ": "
            + (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 3]]));
        return -1;
      } // end catch
    }
  } // end decodeToBytes

  /**
   * Very low-level access to decoding ASCII characters in the form of a byte
   * array. Does not support automatically gunzipping or any other "fancy"
   * features.
   * 
   * @param source
   *            The Base64 encoded data
   * @param off
   *            The offset of where to begin decoding
   * @param len
   *            The length of characters to decode
   * @return decoded data
   * @since 1.3
   */
  public static byte[] decode(byte[] source, int off, int len) {
    int len34 = len * 3 / 4;
    byte[] outBuff = new byte[len34]; // Upper limit on size of output
    int outBuffPosn = 0;

    byte[] b4 = new byte[4];
    int b4Posn = 0;
    int i = 0;
    byte sbiCrop = 0;
    byte sbiDecode = 0;
    for (i = off; i < off + len; i++) {
      sbiCrop = (byte) (source[i] & 0x7f); // Only the low seven bits
      sbiDecode = DECODABET[sbiCrop];

      if (sbiDecode >= WHITE_SPACE_ENC) // White space, Equals sign or
                        // better
      {
        if (sbiDecode >= EQUALS_SIGN_ENC) {
          b4[b4Posn++] = sbiCrop;
          if (b4Posn > 3) {
            outBuffPosn += decode4to3(b4, 0, outBuff, outBuffPosn);
            b4Posn = 0;

            // If that was the equals sign, break out of 'for' loop
            if (sbiCrop == EQUALS_SIGN)
              break;
          } // end if: quartet built

        } // end if: equals sign or better

      } // end if: white space, equals sign or better
      else {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
            "Bad Base64 input character at " + i + ": " + source[i]
                + "(decimal)");
      } // end else:
    } // each input character

    byte[] out = new byte[outBuffPosn];
    System.arraycopy(outBuff, 0, out, 0, outBuffPosn);
    return out;
  } // end decode

  /**
   * Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting
   * gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
   * 
   * @param s
   *            the string to decode
   * @return the decoded data
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public static byte[] decode(String s) {
    byte[] bytes;
    try {
      bytes = s.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING);
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uee) {
      bytes = s.getBytes();
    } // end catch
      // </change>

    // Decode
    bytes = decode(bytes, 0, bytes.length);

    // Check to see if it's gzip-compressed
    // GZIP Magic Two-Byte Number: 0x8b1f (35615)
    if (bytes != null && bytes.length >= 4) {

      int head = (bytes[0] & 0xff) | ((bytes[1] << 8) & 0xff00);
      if (java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream.GZIP_MAGIC == head) {
        java.io.ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
        java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream gzis = null;
        java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
        int length = 0;

        try {
          baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
          bais = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
          gzis = new java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream(bais);

          while ((length = gzis.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
            baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
          } // end while: reading input

          // No error? Get new bytes.
          bytes = baos.toByteArray();

        } // end try
        catch (java.io.IOException e) {
          // Just return originally-decoded bytes
        } // end catch
        finally {
          try {
            baos.close();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          }
          try {
            gzis.close();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          }
          try {
            bais.close();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          }
        } // end finally

      } // end if: gzipped
    } // end if: bytes.length >= 2

    return bytes;
  } // end decode

  /**
   * Attempts to decode Base64 data and deserialize a Java Object within.
   * Returns <tt>null</tt> if there was an error.
   * 
   * @param encodedObject
   *            The Base64 data to decode
   * @return The decoded and deserialized object
   * @since 1.5
   */
  public static Object decodeToObject(String encodedObject) {
    // Decode and gunzip if necessary
    byte[] objBytes = decode(encodedObject);

    java.io.ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
    java.io.ObjectInputStream ois = null;
    Object obj = null;

    try {
      bais = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(objBytes);
      ois = new java.io.ObjectInputStream(bais);

      obj = ois.readObject();
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      obj = null;
    } // end catch
    catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      obj = null;
    } // end catch
    finally {
      try {
        bais.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
      try {
        ois.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
    } // end finally

    return obj;
  } // end decodeObject

  /**
   * Convenience method for encoding data to a file.
   * 
   * @param dataToEncode
   *            byte array of data to encode in base64 form
   * @param filename
   *            Filename for saving encoded data
   * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, <tt>false</tt> otherwise
   * 
   * @since 2.1
   */
  public static boolean encodeToFile(byte[] dataToEncode, String filename) {
    boolean success = false;
    Base64.OutputStream bos = null;
    try {
      bos = new Base64.OutputStream(
          new java.io.FileOutputStream(filename), Base64.ENCODE);
      bos.write(dataToEncode);
      success = true;
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.IOException e) {

      success = false;
    } // end catch: IOException
    finally {
      try {
        bos.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
    } // end finally

    return success;
  } // end encodeToFile

  /**
   * Convenience method for decoding data to a file.
   * 
   * @param dataToDecode
   *            Base64-encoded data as a string
   * @param filename
   *            Filename for saving decoded data
   * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, <tt>false</tt> otherwise
   * 
   * @since 2.1
   */
  public static boolean decodeToFile(String dataToDecode, String filename) {
    boolean success = false;
    Base64.OutputStream bos = null;
    try {
      bos = new Base64.OutputStream(
          new java.io.FileOutputStream(filename), Base64.DECODE);
      bos.write(dataToDecode.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING));
      success = true;
    } // end try
    catch (java.io.IOException e) {
      success = false;
    } // end catch: IOException
    finally {
      try {
        bos.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
    } // end finally

    return success;
  } // end decodeToFile

  /**
   * Convenience method for reading a base64-encoded file and decoding it.
   * 
   * @param filename
   *            Filename for reading encoded data
   * @return decoded byte array or null if unsuccessful
   * 
   * @since 2.1
   */
  public static byte[] decodeFromFile(String filename) {
    byte[] decodedData = null;
    Base64.InputStream bis = null;
    try {
      // Set up some useful variables
      java.io.File file = new java.io.File(filename);
      byte[] buffer = null;
      int length = 0;
      int numBytes = 0;

      // Check for size of file
      if (file.length() > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
            "File is too big for this convenience method ("
                + file.length() + " bytes).");
      } // end if: file too big for int index
      buffer = new byte[(int) file.length()];

      // Open a stream
      bis = new Base64.InputStream(new java.io.BufferedInputStream(
          new java.io.FileInputStream(file)), Base64.DECODE);

      // Read until done
      while ((numBytes = bis.read(buffer, length, 4096)) >= 0)
        length += numBytes;

      // Save in a variable to return
      decodedData = new byte[length];
      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, decodedData, 0, length);

    } // end try
    catch (java.io.IOException e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Error decoding from file "
          + filename);
    } // end catch: IOException
    finally {
      try {
        bis.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
    } // end finally

    return decodedData;
  } // end decodeFromFile

  /**
   * Convenience method for reading a binary file and base64-encoding it.
   * 
   * @param filename
   *            Filename for reading binary data
   * @return base64-encoded string or null if unsuccessful
   * 
   * @since 2.1
   */
  public static String encodeFromFile(String filename) {
    String encodedData = null;
    Base64.InputStream bis = null;
    try {
      // Set up some useful variables
      java.io.File file = new java.io.File(filename);
      byte[] buffer = new byte[(int) (file.length() * 1.4)];
      int length = 0;
      int numBytes = 0;

      // Open a stream
      bis = new Base64.InputStream(new java.io.BufferedInputStream(
          new java.io.FileInputStream(file)), Base64.ENCODE);

      // Read until done
      while ((numBytes = bis.read(buffer, length, 4096)) >= 0)
        length += numBytes;

      // Save in a variable to return
      encodedData = new String(buffer, 0, length,
          Base64.PREFERRED_ENCODING);

    } // end try
    catch (java.io.IOException e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Error encoding from file "
          + filename);
    } // end catch: IOException
    finally {
      try {
        bis.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
    } // end finally

    return encodedData;
  } // end encodeFromFile

  /* ******** I N N E R C L A S S I N P U T S T R E A M ******** */

  /**
   * A {@link Base64.InputStream} will read data from another
   * <tt>java.io.InputStream</tt>, given in the constructor, and encode/decode
   * to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
   * 
   * @see Base64
   * @since 1.3
   */
  public static class InputStream extends java.io.FilterInputStream {
    private boolean encode; // Encoding or decoding
    private int position; // Current position in the buffer
    private byte[] buffer; // Small buffer holding converted data
    private int bufferLength; // Length of buffer (3 or 4)
    private int numSigBytes; // Number of meaningful bytes in the buffer
    private int lineLength;
    private boolean breakLines; // Break lines at less than 80 characters

    /**
     * Constructs a {@link Base64.InputStream} in DECODE mode.
     * 
     * @param in
     *            the <tt>java.io.InputStream</tt> from which to read data.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public InputStream(java.io.InputStream in) {
      this(in, DECODE);
    } // end constructor

    /**
     * Constructs a {@link Base64.InputStream} in either ENCODE or DECODE
     * mode.
     * <p>
     * Valid options:
     * 
     * <pre>
     *   ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read.
     *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     *     (only meaningful when encoding)
     *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>new Base64.InputStream( in, Base64.DECODE )</code>
     * 
     * 
     * @param in
     *            the <tt>java.io.InputStream</tt> from which to read data.
     * @param options
     *            Specified options
     * @see Base64#ENCODE
     * @see Base64#DECODE
     * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public InputStream(java.io.InputStream in, int options) {
      super(in);
      this.breakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES;
      this.encode = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE;
      this.bufferLength = encode ? 4 : 3;
      this.buffer = new byte[bufferLength];
      this.position = -1;
      this.lineLength = 0;
    } // end constructor

    /**
     * Reads enough of the input stream to convert to/from Base64 and
     * returns the next byte.
     * 
     * @return next byte
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public int read() throws java.io.IOException {
      // Do we need to get data?
      if (position < 0) {
        if (encode) {
          byte[] b3 = new byte[3];
          int numBinaryBytes = 0;
          for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            try {
              int b = in.read();

              // If end of stream, b is -1.
              if (b >= 0) {
                b3[i] = (byte) b;
                numBinaryBytes++;
              } // end if: not end of stream

            } // end try: read
            catch (java.io.IOException e) {
              // Only a problem if we got no data at all.
              if (i == 0)
                throw e;

            } // end catch
          } // end for: each needed input byte

          if (numBinaryBytes > 0) {
            encode3to4(b3, 0, numBinaryBytes, buffer, 0);
            position = 0;
            numSigBytes = 4;
          } // end if: got data
          else {
            return -1;
          } // end else
        } // end if: encoding

        // Else decoding
        else {
          byte[] b4 = new byte[4];
          int i = 0;
          for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            // Read four "meaningful" bytes:
            int b = 0;
            do {
              b = in.read();
            } while (b >= 0
                && DECODABET[b & 0x7f] <= WHITE_SPACE_ENC);

            if (b < 0)
              break; // Reads a -1 if end of stream

            b4[i] = (byte) b;
          } // end for: each needed input byte

          if (i == 4) {
            numSigBytes = decode4to3(b4, 0, buffer, 0);
            position = 0;
          } // end if: got four characters
          else if (i == 0) {
            return -1;
          } // end else if: also padded correctly
          else {
            // Must have broken out from above.
            throw new java.io.IOException(
                "Improperly padded Base64 input.");
          } // end

        } // end else: decode
      } // end else: get data

      // Got data?
      if (position >= 0) {
        // End of relevant data?
        if (/* !encode && */position >= numSigBytes)
          return -1;

        if (encode && breakLines && lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH) {
          lineLength = 0;
          return '\n';
        } // end if
        else {
          lineLength++; // This isn't important when decoding
          // but throwing an extra "if" seems
          // just as wasteful.

          int b = buffer[position++];

          if (position >= bufferLength)
            position = -1;

          return b & 0xFF; // This is how you "cast" a byte that's
          // intended to be unsigned.
        } // end else
      } // end if: position >= 0

      // Else error
      else {
        // When JDK1.4 is more accepted, use an assertion here.
        throw new java.io.IOException(
            "Error in Base64 code reading stream.");
      } // end else
    } // end read

    /**
     * Calls {@link #read()} repeatedly until the end of stream is reached
     * or <var>len</var> bytes are read. Returns number of bytes read into
     * array or -1 if end of stream is encountered.
     * 
     * @param dest
     *            array to hold values
     * @param off
     *            offset for array
     * @param len
     *            max number of bytes to read into array
     * @return bytes read into array or -1 if end of stream is encountered.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public int read(byte[] dest, int off, int len)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      int i;
      int b;
      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        b = read();

        // if( b < 0 && i == 0 )
        // return -1;

        if (b >= 0)
          dest[off + i] = (byte) b;
        else if (i == 0)
          return -1;
        else
          break; // Out of 'for' loop
      } // end for: each byte read
      return i;
    } // end read

  } // end inner class InputStream

  /* ******** I N N E R C L A S S O U T P U T S T R E A M ******** */

  /**
   * A {@link Base64.OutputStream} will write data to another
   * <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt>, given in the constructor, and
   * encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
   * 
   * @see Base64
   * @since 1.3
   */
  public static class OutputStream extends java.io.FilterOutputStream {
    private boolean encode;
    private int position;
    private byte[] buffer;
    private int bufferLength;
    private int lineLength;
    private boolean breakLines;
    private byte[] b4; // Scratch used in a few places
    private boolean suspendEncoding;

    /**
     * Constructs a {@link Base64.OutputStream} in ENCODE mode.
     * 
     * @param out
     *            the <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt> to which data will be
     *            written.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public OutputStream(java.io.OutputStream out) {
      this(out, ENCODE);
    } // end constructor

    /**
     * Constructs a {@link Base64.OutputStream} in either ENCODE or DECODE
     * mode.
     * <p>
     * Valid options:
     * 
     * <pre>
     *   ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read.
     *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     *     (only meaningful when encoding)
     *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>new Base64.OutputStream( out, Base64.ENCODE )</code>
     * 
     * @param out
     *            the <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt> to which data will be
     *            written.
     * @param options
     *            Specified options.
     * @see Base64#ENCODE
     * @see Base64#DECODE
     * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public OutputStream(java.io.OutputStream out, int options) {
      super(out);
      this.breakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES;
      this.encode = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE;
      this.bufferLength = encode ? 3 : 4;
      this.buffer = new byte[bufferLength];
      this.position = 0;
      this.lineLength = 0;
      this.suspendEncoding = false;
      this.b4 = new byte[4];
    } // end constructor

    /**
     * Writes the byte to the output stream after converting to/from Base64
     * notation. When encoding, bytes are buffered three at a time before
     * the output stream actually gets a write() call. When decoding, bytes
     * are buffered four at a time.
     * 
     * @param theByte
     *            the byte to write
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public void write(int theByte) throws java.io.IOException {
      // Encoding suspended?
      if (suspendEncoding) {
        super.out.write(theByte);
        return;
      } // end if: supsended

      // Encode?
      if (encode) {
        buffer[position++] = (byte) theByte;
        if (position >= bufferLength) // Enough to encode.
        {
          out.write(encode3to4(b4, buffer, bufferLength));

          lineLength += 4;
          if (breakLines && lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH) {
            out.write(NEW_LINE);
            lineLength = 0;
          } // end if: end of line

          position = 0;
        } // end if: enough to output
      } // end if: encoding

      // Else, Decoding
      else {
        // Meaningful Base64 character?
        if (DECODABET[theByte & 0x7f] > WHITE_SPACE_ENC) {
          buffer[position++] = (byte) theByte;
          if (position >= bufferLength) // Enough to output.
          {
            int len = Base64.decode4to3(buffer, 0, b4, 0);
            out.write(b4, 0, len);
            // out.write( Base64.decode4to3( buffer ) );
            position = 0;
          } // end if: enough to output
        } // end if: meaningful base64 character
        else if (DECODABET[theByte & 0x7f] != WHITE_SPACE_ENC) {
          throw new java.io.IOException(
              "Invalid character in Base64 data.");
        } // end else: not white space either
      } // end else: decoding
    } // end write

    /**
     * Calls {@link #write(int)} repeatedly until <var>len</var> bytes are
     * written.
     * 
     * @param theBytes
     *            array from which to read bytes
     * @param off
     *            offset for array
     * @param len
     *            max number of bytes to read into array
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public void write(byte[] theBytes, int off, int len)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      // Encoding suspended?
      if (suspendEncoding) {
        super.out.write(theBytes, off, len);
        return;
      } // end if: supsended

      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        write(theBytes[off + i]);
      } // end for: each byte written

    } // end write

    /**
     * Method added by PHIL. [Thanks, PHIL. -Rob] This pads the buffer
     * without closing the stream.
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void flushBase64() throws java.io.IOException {
      if (position > 0) {
        if (encode) {
          out.write(encode3to4(b4, buffer, position));
          position = 0;
        } // end if: encoding
        else {
          throw new java.io.IOException(
              "Base64 input not properly padded.");
        } // end else: decoding
      } // end if: buffer partially full

    } // end flush

    /**
     * Flushes and closes (I think, in the superclass) the stream.
     * 
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public void close() throws java.io.IOException {
      // 1. Ensure that pending characters are written
      flushBase64();

      // 2. Actually close the stream
      // Base class both flushes and closes.
      super.close();

      buffer = null;
      out = null;
    } // end close

    /**
     * Suspends encoding of the stream. May be helpful if you need to embed
     * a piece of base640-encoded data in a stream.
     * 
     * @since 1.5.1
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void suspendEncoding() throws java.io.IOException {
      flushBase64();
      this.suspendEncoding = true;
    } // end suspendEncoding

    /**
     * Resumes encoding of the stream. May be helpful if you need to embed a
     * piece of base640-encoded data in a stream.
     * 
     * @since 1.5.1
     */
    public void resumeEncoding() {
      this.suspendEncoding = false;
    } // end resumeEncoding

  } // end inner class OutputStream

} // end class Base64

   
    
    
    
    
    
  








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