Illustrate some of the features of the SimpleUniverse class
/**********************************************************
Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman
First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming"
by Daniel Selman and published by Manning Publications.
http://manning.com/selman
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
The license can be found on the WWW at:
http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html
Or by writing to:
Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Authors can be contacted at:
Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org
If you make changes you think others would like, please
contact one of the authors or someone at the
www.j3d.org web site.
**************************************************************/
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfigTemplate;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight;
import javax.media.j3d.Appearance;
import javax.media.j3d.AudioDevice;
import javax.media.j3d.Background;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.Bounds;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D;
import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight;
import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsConfigTemplate3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Group;
import javax.media.j3d.ImageComponent2D;
import javax.media.j3d.Locale;
import javax.media.j3d.Material;
import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody;
import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment;
import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D;
import javax.media.j3d.Texture;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.View;
import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform;
import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Point2f;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3f;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.keyboard.KeyNavigatorBehavior;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.ColorCube;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Cone;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.GeometryInfo;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.NormalGenerator;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Primitive;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.MultiTransformGroup;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.PlatformGeometry;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.Viewer;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewerAvatar;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform;
/**
* This example illustrates some of the features of the SimpleUniverse class. It
* creates 3 views into a scengraph and associates a ViewerAvatar and
* PlatformGeometry with each Viewer object.
* <p>
* The example creates a very simple navigation environment where each Viewer of
* the environment can navigate using the keyboard and see the other viewer.
*/
public class PlatformTest extends Applet implements ActionListener {
// size of each Canvas3D
static final int m_kWidth = 256;
static final int m_kHeight = 256;
// table used to map the name of a Viewer to its KeyNavigatorBehavior
Hashtable m_KeyHashtable = null;
BoundingSphere m_Bounds = null;
public PlatformTest() {
m_KeyHashtable = new Hashtable();
m_Bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0, 0, 0), 100);
// get the graphics configuration for the graphics device
GraphicsConfiguration config = SimpleUniverse
.getPreferredConfiguration();
// create the first canvas, this is the top-down view
Canvas3D c = new Canvas3D(config);
c.setSize(m_kWidth, m_kHeight);
add(c);
// create the second canvas, this is used for "Jim's" Viewer
Canvas3D c2 = new Canvas3D(config);
c2.setSize(m_kWidth, m_kHeight);
add(c2);
// create the third canvas, this is used for "Dan's" Viewer
Canvas3D c3 = new Canvas3D(config);
c3.setSize(m_kWidth, m_kHeight);
add(c3);
// Create the simple environment
BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph();
// create the first Viewer, this is a static top-down view
// create a ViewingPlatform with 2 TransformGroups above the
// ViewPlatform
ViewingPlatform vp = new ViewingPlatform(2);
// create the Viewer and attach to the first canvas
Viewer viewer = new Viewer(c);
// rotate and position the first Viewer above the environment
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.rotX(Math.PI / 2.0);
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0, 0, -40));
t3d.invert();
MultiTransformGroup mtg = vp.getMultiTransformGroup();
mtg.getTransformGroup(0).setTransform(t3d);
// create a SimpleUniverse from the ViewingPlatform and Viewer
SimpleUniverse u = new SimpleUniverse(vp, viewer);
// add the geometry to the scenegraph
u.addBranchGraph(scene);
// add two more Viewers to the scenegraph
u.getLocale().addBranchGraph(
createViewer(c2, "Jim", new Color3f(0.1f, 1.0f, 1.0f), -5, 8));
u.getLocale().addBranchGraph(
createViewer(c3, "Dan", new Color3f(1.0f, 0.1f, 0.1f), 2, -8));
}
ViewingPlatform createViewer(Canvas3D c, String szName, Color3f objColor,
double x, double z) {
// create a Viewer and attach to its canvas
// a Canvas3D can only be attached to a single Viewer
Viewer viewer2 = new Viewer(c);
// create a ViewingPlatform with 1 TransformGroups above the
// ViewPlatform
ViewingPlatform vp2 = new ViewingPlatform(1);
// create and assign the PlatformGeometry to the Viewer
vp2.setPlatformGeometry(createPlatformGeometry(szName));
// create and assign the ViewerAvatar to the Viewer
viewer2.setAvatar(createViewerAvatar(szName, objColor));
// set the initial position for the Viewer
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(x, 0, z));
vp2.getViewPlatformTransform().setTransform(t3d);
// set capabilities on the TransformGroup so that the
// KeyNavigatorBehavior
// can modify the Viewer's position
vp2.getViewPlatformTransform().setCapability(
TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
vp2.getViewPlatformTransform().setCapability(
TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ);
// attach a navigation behavior to the position of the viewer
KeyNavigatorBehavior key = new KeyNavigatorBehavior(vp2
.getViewPlatformTransform());
key.setSchedulingBounds(m_Bounds);
key.setEnable(false);
// add the KeyNavigatorBehavior to the ViewingPlatform
vp2.addChild(key);
// set the ViewingPlatform for the Viewer
viewer2.setViewingPlatform(vp2);
// associate the name of the Viewer with its KeyNavigatorBehavior
m_KeyHashtable.put(szName, key);
// create a button to switch the Viewer ON.
Button button = new Button(szName);
button.addActionListener(this);
add(button);
return vp2;
}
// create a tiled environment from -12 to +12. The environment
// is created from a QuadArray. The environment is surrounded by a ColorCube
// "wall" that is 2 units high (from Z = -1 to Z = 1).
public BranchGroup createSceneGraph() {
final int LAND_WIDTH = 12;
final float LAND_HEIGHT = -1.0f;
final int LAND_LENGTH = 12;
final int nTileSize = 2;
// calculate how many vertices we need to store all the "tiles"
// that compose the QuadArray.
final int nNumTiles = ((LAND_LENGTH / nTileSize) * 2)
* ((LAND_WIDTH / nTileSize) * 2);
final int nVertexCount = 4 * nNumTiles;
Point3f[] coordArray = new Point3f[nVertexCount];
Point2f[] texCoordArray = new Point2f[nVertexCount];
// create an Appearance and load a texture
Appearance app = new Appearance();
Texture tex = new TextureLoader("land.jpg", this).getTexture();
app.setTexture(tex);
// create the parent BranchGroup
BranchGroup bg = new BranchGroup();
int nItem = 0;
// loop over all the tiles in the environment
for (int x = -LAND_WIDTH; x <= LAND_WIDTH; x += nTileSize) {
for (int z = -LAND_LENGTH; z <= LAND_LENGTH; z += nTileSize) {
// if we are on the border of the environment create a
// TransformGroup to position a ColorCube to create a "wall"
if (x == -LAND_WIDTH || x == LAND_WIDTH || z == -LAND_LENGTH
|| z == LAND_LENGTH) {
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(x, 0, z));
tg.setTransform(t3d);
tg.addChild(new ColorCube(nTileSize / 2));
bg.addChild(tg);
}
// if we are not on the last row or column create a "tile"
// and add to the QuadArray. Use CCW winding and assign texture
// coordinates.
if (z < LAND_LENGTH && x < LAND_WIDTH) {
coordArray[nItem] = new Point3f(x, LAND_HEIGHT, z);
texCoordArray[nItem++] = new Point2f(0, 0);
coordArray[nItem] = new Point3f(x, LAND_HEIGHT, z
+ nTileSize);
texCoordArray[nItem++] = new Point2f(1, 0);
coordArray[nItem] = new Point3f(x + nTileSize, LAND_HEIGHT,
z + nTileSize);
texCoordArray[nItem++] = new Point2f(1, 1);
coordArray[nItem] = new Point3f(x + nTileSize, LAND_HEIGHT,
z);
texCoordArray[nItem++] = new Point2f(0, 1);
}
}
}
// create a GeometryInfo and generate Normal vectors
// for the QuadArray that was populated.
GeometryInfo gi = new GeometryInfo(GeometryInfo.QUAD_ARRAY);
gi.setCoordinates(coordArray);
gi.setTextureCoordinates(texCoordArray);
NormalGenerator normalGenerator = new NormalGenerator();
normalGenerator.generateNormals(gi);
// wrap the GeometryArray in a Shape3D
Shape3D shape = new Shape3D(gi.getGeometryArray(), app);
// add the Shape3D to the parent BranchGroup
bg.addChild(shape);
// create some lights for the scene
Color3f lColor1 = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
Vector3f lDir1 = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
Color3f alColor = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
AmbientLight aLgt = new AmbientLight(alColor);
aLgt.setInfluencingBounds(m_Bounds);
DirectionalLight lgt1 = new DirectionalLight(lColor1, lDir1);
lgt1.setInfluencingBounds(m_Bounds);
// add the lights to the parent BranchGroup
bg.addChild(aLgt);
bg.addChild(lgt1);
// create a light gray background
Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
back.setApplicationBounds(m_Bounds);
bg.addChild(back);
// compile the whole scene
//bg.compile();
return bg;
}
// creates and positions a simple Cone to represent the Viewer.
// The Cone is aligned and scaled such that it is similar to a
// 3D "turtle".... Aaah good old Logo.
ViewerAvatar createViewerAvatar(String szText, Color3f objColor) {
ViewerAvatar viewerAvatar = new ViewerAvatar();
// rotate the Cone so that it is lying down and
// points sharp-end towards the Viewer's field of view.
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setEuler(new Vector3d(Math.PI / 2.0, Math.PI, 0));
tg.setTransform(t3d);
// create appearance and material for the Cone
Appearance app = new Appearance();
Color3f black = new Color3f(0.4f, 0.2f, 0.1f);
app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 90.0f));
// create the Primitive and add to the parent BranchGroup
tg.addChild(new Cone(1, 3, Primitive.GENERATE_NORMALS, app));
viewerAvatar.addChild(tg);
return viewerAvatar;
}
// create a simple Raster text label used to help
// identify the viewer.
PlatformGeometry createPlatformGeometry(String szText) {
PlatformGeometry pg = new PlatformGeometry();
pg.addChild(createLabel(szText, 0f, 2f, 0f));
return pg;
}
// creates a simple Raster text label (similar to Text2D)
private Shape3D createLabel(String szText, float x, float y, float z) {
BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(25, 14,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = bufferedImage.getGraphics();
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.drawString(szText, 2, 12);
ImageComponent2D imageComponent2D = new ImageComponent2D(
ImageComponent2D.FORMAT_RGB, bufferedImage);
// create the Raster for the image
javax.media.j3d.Raster renderRaster = new javax.media.j3d.Raster(
new Point3f(x, y, z), javax.media.j3d.Raster.RASTER_COLOR, 0,
0, bufferedImage.getWidth(), bufferedImage.getHeight(),
imageComponent2D, null);
return new Shape3D(renderRaster);
}
// Enables the KeyNavigatorBehavior associated with the
// AWT button that was pressed for the Viewer. Disables all other
// KeyNavigatorBehaviors for non-active Viewers.
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
KeyNavigatorBehavior key = (KeyNavigatorBehavior) m_KeyHashtable
.get(event.getActionCommand());
Object[] keysArray = m_KeyHashtable.values().toArray();
for (int n = 0; n < keysArray.length; n++) {
KeyNavigatorBehavior keyAtIndex = (KeyNavigatorBehavior) keysArray[n];
keyAtIndex.setEnable(keyAtIndex == key);
if (keyAtIndex == key)
System.out.println("Enabled: " + event.getActionCommand());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MainFrame(new PlatformTest(), (int) (m_kWidth * 3.5),
(int) (m_kHeight * 1.1));
}
}
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2001 Daniel Selman
*
* First distributed with the book "Java 3D Programming" by Daniel Selman and
* published by Manning Publications. http://manning.com/selman
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
* Foundation, version 2.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
* details.
*
* The license can be found on the WWW at: http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html
*
* Or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite
* 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*
* Authors can be contacted at: Daniel Selman: daniel@selman.org
*
* If you make changes you think others would like, please contact one of the
* authors or someone at the www.j3d.org web site.
******************************************************************************/
//*****************************************************************************
/**
* Java3dApplet
*
* Base class for defining a Java 3D applet. Contains some useful methods for
* defining views and scenegraphs etc.
*
* @author Daniel Selman
* @version 1.0
*/
//*****************************************************************************
abstract class Java3dApplet extends Applet {
public static int m_kWidth = 300;
public static int m_kHeight = 300;
protected String[] m_szCommandLineArray = null;
protected VirtualUniverse m_Universe = null;
protected BranchGroup m_SceneBranchGroup = null;
protected Bounds m_ApplicationBounds = null;
// protected com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree m_Java3dTree = null;
public Java3dApplet() {
}
public boolean isApplet() {
try {
System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println("Running as Application.");
return false;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
System.out.println("Running as Applet.");
return true;
}
public URL getWorkingDirectory() throws java.net.MalformedURLException {
URL url = null;
try {
File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
System.out.println("Running as Application:");
System.out.println(" " + file.toURL());
return file.toURL();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
System.out.println("Running as Applet:");
System.out.println(" " + getCodeBase());
return getCodeBase();
}
public VirtualUniverse getVirtualUniverse() {
return m_Universe;
}
//public com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree getJ3dTree() {
//return m_Java3dTree;
// }
public Locale getFirstLocale() {
java.util.Enumeration e = m_Universe.getAllLocales();
if (e.hasMoreElements() != false)
return (Locale) e.nextElement();
return null;
}
protected Bounds getApplicationBounds() {
if (m_ApplicationBounds == null)
m_ApplicationBounds = createApplicationBounds();
return m_ApplicationBounds;
}
protected Bounds createApplicationBounds() {
m_ApplicationBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
100.0);
return m_ApplicationBounds;
}
protected Background createBackground() {
Background back = new Background(new Color3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
back.setApplicationBounds(createApplicationBounds());
return back;
}
public void initJava3d() {
// m_Java3dTree = new com.tornadolabs.j3dtree.Java3dTree();
m_Universe = createVirtualUniverse();
Locale locale = createLocale(m_Universe);
BranchGroup sceneBranchGroup = createSceneBranchGroup();
ViewPlatform vp = createViewPlatform();
BranchGroup viewBranchGroup = createViewBranchGroup(
getViewTransformGroupArray(), vp);
createView(vp);
Background background = createBackground();
if (background != null)
sceneBranchGroup.addChild(background);
// m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(sceneBranchGroup);
// m_Java3dTree.recursiveApplyCapability(viewBranchGroup);
locale.addBranchGraph(sceneBranchGroup);
addViewBranchGroup(locale, viewBranchGroup);
onDoneInit();
}
protected void onDoneInit() {
// m_Java3dTree.updateNodes(m_Universe);
}
protected double getScale() {
return 1.0;
}
public TransformGroup[] getViewTransformGroupArray() {
TransformGroup[] tgArray = new TransformGroup[1];
tgArray[0] = new TransformGroup();
// move the camera BACK a little...
// note that we have to invert the matrix as
// we are moving the viewer
Transform3D t3d = new Transform3D();
t3d.setScale(getScale());
t3d.setTranslation(new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -20.0));
t3d.invert();
tgArray[0].setTransform(t3d);
return tgArray;
}
protected void addViewBranchGroup(Locale locale, BranchGroup bg) {
locale.addBranchGraph(bg);
}
protected Locale createLocale(VirtualUniverse u) {
return new Locale(u);
}
protected BranchGroup createSceneBranchGroup() {
m_SceneBranchGroup = new BranchGroup();
return m_SceneBranchGroup;
}
protected View createView(ViewPlatform vp) {
View view = new View();
PhysicalBody pb = createPhysicalBody();
PhysicalEnvironment pe = createPhysicalEnvironment();
AudioDevice audioDevice = createAudioDevice(pe);
if (audioDevice != null) {
pe.setAudioDevice(audioDevice);
audioDevice.initialize();
}
view.setPhysicalEnvironment(pe);
view.setPhysicalBody(pb);
if (vp != null)
view.attachViewPlatform(vp);
view.setBackClipDistance(getBackClipDistance());
view.setFrontClipDistance(getFrontClipDistance());
Canvas3D c3d = createCanvas3D();
view.addCanvas3D(c3d);
addCanvas3D(c3d);
return view;
}
protected PhysicalBody createPhysicalBody() {
return new PhysicalBody();
}
protected AudioDevice createAudioDevice(PhysicalEnvironment pe) {
JavaSoundMixer javaSoundMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(pe);
if (javaSoundMixer == null)
System.out.println("create of audiodevice failed");
return javaSoundMixer;
}
protected PhysicalEnvironment createPhysicalEnvironment() {
return new PhysicalEnvironment();
}
protected float getViewPlatformActivationRadius() {
return 100;
}
protected ViewPlatform createViewPlatform() {
ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform();
vp.setViewAttachPolicy(View.RELATIVE_TO_FIELD_OF_VIEW);
vp.setActivationRadius(getViewPlatformActivationRadius());
return vp;
}
protected Canvas3D createCanvas3D() {
GraphicsConfigTemplate3D gc3D = new GraphicsConfigTemplate3D();
gc3D.setSceneAntialiasing(GraphicsConfigTemplate.PREFERRED);
GraphicsDevice gd[] = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()
.getScreenDevices();
Canvas3D c3d = new Canvas3D(gd[0].getBestConfiguration(gc3D));
c3d.setSize(getCanvas3dWidth(c3d), getCanvas3dHeight(c3d));
return c3d;
}
protected int getCanvas3dWidth(Canvas3D c3d) {
return m_kWidth;
}
protected int getCanvas3dHeight(Canvas3D c3d) {
return m_kHeight;
}
protected double getBackClipDistance() {
return 100.0;
}
protected double getFrontClipDistance() {
return 1.0;
}
protected BranchGroup createViewBranchGroup(TransformGroup[] tgArray,
ViewPlatform vp) {
BranchGroup vpBranchGroup = new BranchGroup();
if (tgArray != null && tgArray.length > 0) {
Group parentGroup = vpBranchGroup;
TransformGroup curTg = null;
for (int n = 0; n < tgArray.length; n++) {
curTg = tgArray[n];
parentGroup.addChild(curTg);
parentGroup = curTg;
}
tgArray[tgArray.length - 1].addChild(vp);
} else
vpBranchGroup.addChild(vp);
return vpBranchGroup;
}
protected void addCanvas3D(Canvas3D c3d) {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(c3d, BorderLayout.CENTER);
doLayout();
}
protected VirtualUniverse createVirtualUniverse() {
return new VirtualUniverse();
}
protected void saveCommandLineArguments(String[] szArgs) {
m_szCommandLineArray = szArgs;
}
protected String[] getCommandLineArguments() {
return m_szCommandLineArray;
}
}
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